• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.493-497
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• 2012

The objective of this study was carried out in order to evaluate the antioxidative activities of n-hexane fractions from medicinal herbs. Certain parts from 6 species of edible and medicinal herbs were extracted with methanol. Radical scavenging activity of the n-hexane fractions against DPPH and ABTS radicals were observed to be high in Psoralea corylifolia, and Scutellsria barbata; it also significantly increased (p<0.05). For a comparison of the effect of various concentration of fractions, as the concentration of treatment increased, the antioxidative effects on radical scavenging activity also oncreased; yet it was not significant. The antioxidative effect of medicinal plants was dependent on the concentration but was not significant. Therefore, these results indicate that edible wild plants, such as Psoralea corylifolia, and Scutellsria barbata may be useful as potential antioxidant sources for improving the human antioxidant defense system against disease.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.330-338
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• 2002

This study was performed to develop natural spices and functional foods using Cheongung (Cnidium officinale) which is one of the Korean medicinal plants. The volatile flavor patterns of Cnidium officinale were detected by electronic nose with 6 metal oxide sensors, and the principal component analysis was carried out. The volatile flavor components of Cnidium officinale were isolated by simultaneous steam-distillation extraction with pentane and diethylether (1 : 1), and essential oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. The free radical scavenging activity of ethanol and methanol extracts from Cnidium officinale was measured by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and compared with ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ as reference. The principal component analysis showed the difference of principal components between fresh and drying samples. Eighty-five volatile flavor components (643.64 ppm) from fresh Cnidium officinale were identified and the major components were butyl phthalide, sabinene, neocnidilide. Sixty-four volatile flavor components (218.15 ppm) from hot air dried one were identified and the major components were butyl phthalide, sabinene, 3-N-butyl phthalide. And 73 volatile flavor components (784.15 ppm) from freeze dried one were identified and the major components were butyl phthalide, sabinene, ${\beta}-selinene$. The free radical scavenging activity of methanol cold extract (500 ppm) of freeze dried Cnidium officinale was higher than other samples. And methanol and ethanol cold extracts (above 250 ppm) of freeze dried sample were higher than ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ $25\;{\mu}M$ (22.34%).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 1994

The effects of paraquat administration on glutathione was studied in rats. The contents of glutathione in the liver, kidney and lung were significantly decreased but the alteration was not significant in blood by paraquat administration. The decrease occured without concomitant increases in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) or in the GSH/GSSG ratio. The activities of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase in liver and kidney were decreased by paraquat administration. And γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities were significantly decreased in kidney and lung of paraquat treated-rats. These results suggest that the decreased synthesis of glutathione by paraquat were an important mechanism of the decreased level of glutathione in liver and kidney, and decreased glutathione transport was a factor on the changes of glutathione contents in lung.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.161-175
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• 2002

봉독은 거풍습(祛風濕), 지통(止痛), 해경평천(解痙平喘), 소종강압(消腫降壓)의 효능으로 오랫동안 통증과 염증성 질환을 치료하는데 이용되어져 왔는데 최근에는 면역관련질환치료에 응용하여 좋은 결과가 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 Rheumatoid arthritis와 유사한 형태의 대표적 실험모델로 알려진 실험용 쥐의 Type II collagen 유발 관절염(Type II collagen induced arthritis : CIA)의 활액에서 봉독약침이 단백분해효소와 유리기 손상에 미치는 면역억제효과를 알아보기 위해 실행되었다. 본 실험에서는 CIA가 유발된 실험용 쥐에 봉독약침($5{\mu}l/kg$)을 처리한 실험군과 대조군으로서 CIA 유발 쥐에 생리식염수를 처리한 군(CIA군), 정상적인 쥐에 생리식염수로 처리한 군(정상군)으로 구분하여 각 군들의 일련의 표본에서 세포질, 리소좀, 간질성 단백분해효소의 활성과 유리기로 인한 단백질 손상정도를 (carbonyl 유도체를 측정하여)서로 비교하였다. 그 결과 각 군의 활액표본에서는 많은 종 류의 단백분해효소가 정산군보다 CIA군에서 유의하게 활성이 높았으며, 봉독약침($5{\mu}l/kg$)을 처리한 군에서 효소들의 활성이 유의하게 감소하였다. 그러나 각 군들의 혈장표본에서는 이 효소들의 활성은 서로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이는 혈장속의 면역반응과 연관되리라고 추측되는 단백분해효소들의 활성변화는 병인적 측면에서 RA와 같은 염증성관절 질환과는 큰 상관성이 없다는 것을 의미한다. Carbonyl 유도체 측정으로 평가한 유리기 손상은 활액과 현장표본에서 모두 봉독약침($5{\mu}l/kg$)을 처리한 군에서 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 단백분해효소와 유리기의 활성은 RA의 병인학적 측면에서 모두 잠재적인 중요성을 가지고 있으므로 향후 새로운 RA치료법은 이들 단백분해효소의 활성저해와 유리기의 소거능을 포함해야 한다고 사료되며 봉독약침은 이러한 2가지 효능을 포함한 효과적인 치료라고 평가된다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.510-515
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• 2018

In the present study, we investigated the anti-oxidant activities of selenium-treated Spinacia oleracea L. by utilizing experiments in vitro assays. The selenium content of non-treated spinach in this study was noted at $61.19{\mu}g/kg$, whereby the selenium-treated spinach which was treated by a 2000 mg/kg selenium was 1000-fold diluted, and was reported to be about 4 times higher than that of non-treated spinach. In this case, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity in the concentration of selenium-treated spinach, 0.1~1.0 mg/mL was measured as stronger than that of the identified non-treated spinach. By the same token, the DPPH radical activity of non-treated spinach and selenium-treated spinach was recorded as 46.05~52.75% and 49.52~59.09% respectively. It is emphasized that the 2,2'-azino-di-2-ethyl-benzthiazoline-sulphonate (ABTS) radical scavenging activity as revealed in the concentration of selenium-treated spinach, 0.1~1.0 mg/mL was noted as being stronger than that of non-treated spinach. The ABTS radical activity of non-treated spinach and selenium-treated spinach was 11.85~52.01% and 27.14~53.59% respectively. In this respect, the nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity and reducing power activity in the concentration of selenium-treated spinach, 0.1~1.0 mg/mL was identified and noted as stronger than that of non-treated spinach. These results suggest that selenium-treated spinach could possibly be more useful as a potential antioxidant to improve human health outcomes, than the non-treated spinach.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.810-815
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• 2006

The biological activities of Oenothera laciniata extracts were measured, including antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects. O. laciniata is an endemic species of Jeju Island, Korea with a seaside habitat. The concentration of total polyphenolic compounds from ethanol (EtOH), n-hexane, dichloromethane ($CH_2Cl_2$), ethylacetate (EtOAc), butanol (BuOH), and water fractions of O. laciniata was 63.96, 8.49, 28.11, 172.64, 114.56, and 34.91 mg/g, respectively. The EtOAc fraction contained the highest antioxidative activities ($IC_{50}$), measured as follows: 16.19 ${\mu}g/mL$ in DPPH radical scavenging capacity, 220.37 ${\mu}g/mL$ in xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, 42.07${\mu}g/mL$ in superoxide radical scavenging capacity, and 421.33 ${\mu}g/mL$ in nitric oxide scavenging capacity. The cytotoxicity of O. laciniata extracts was examined through their effect on the growth of HL-60 cells. Incubation of HL-60 cells with the EtOAc fraction resulted in the greatest inhibition of cell growth; high DNA fragmentation and numerous sub-G1 hypodiploid cells were observed in HL-60 cell cultures treated with the EtOAc fraction. These results suggest that the EtOAc fraction of O. laciniata has potent apoptotic and antioxidative activities in vitro.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.172-178
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate total polyphenol contents and antioxidative effects of the enzymatic hydrolysates digested by several kinds of carbohydrases from the powder of ripened pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), sweet pumpkin (C. maxima) and green pumpkin (C. moschata). The total polyphenol contents of all enzymatic hydrolysates from green pumpkin powder were higher than those of ripened and sweet pumpkins. DPPH radical scavenging activities of the enzymatic hydrolysates digested by AMG and Termamyl from green pumpkin were also very strong compared to ripened and sweet pumpkins. However, the most enzymatic hydrolysates of ripened and sweet pumpkin powders, except Viscozyme digestion, were higher superoxide anion scavenging activities than green pumpkin powder. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities in the enzymatic digests (not Ultroflo) of green pumpkin were potent compared to other pumpkin powders whereas hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were low at less than 14% in hydrolysates of all pumpkin species. Nitric oxide scavenging activities were very effective in Viscozyme digests of sweet and green pumpkin, and other enzymatic hydrolysates also showed higher activity than $\alpha$-tocopherol control (not BHT).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1226-1232
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• 2003

Bamboo trees have been used for a long time as folk remedies for treatment of hypertension and stroke symptoms in Oriental regions. These pharmaceutical effects of bamboos look like to be related to its antioxidant capacity and phytochemicals in bamboos. To evaluate the antioxidative effects of bamboo trees, five kinds of bamboo varieties dominant in Korean peninsular were chosen and determined its total antioxidaive activities, free radical scavenging activities and nitrite scavenging activities by TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity) assay, DPPH and Griess reagent assay using in vitro system, respectively. To evaluate the correlation between antioxidative activities and Maillard reaction during hot water extraction, contents of reducing sugar and total nitrogen and brown color intensity at 420 nm were determined. When total antioxidative activities, free radical scavenging activities and nitrite scavenging activities of five kinds of bamboo trees were compared, wang-dae (Phyllostachys bambusoides S. et Z.) showed the strongest effect among samples, although all kinds of extracts showed relatively strong effects against oxidation. The bamboo culms extract showed stronger antioxidative effects than that of bamboo leaves. In each fraction obtained from 70% ethanol extract, antioxidative effect were increased in order of dichloromethane>ethyl acetate>butanol>water>hexane fraction. In reducing sugar analysis of extracts, reducing sugar contents of water extracts were higher than that of 70% ethanol extracts and wang-dae water extract showed the highest level which was 708.92 mg/g. Total nitrogen contents of the extracts were $1.785{\sim}2.605\;mg%$ and contents in water extracts were lower than that in 70% ethanol extracts. Brown color intensity at 420 nm showed similar tendency with results in reducing sugar contents.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.882-887
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• 2011

We investigated the physicochemical and antioxidant activity characteristics of Yakju with different ratios (0, 5, 10, and 15%) of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) root powder in order to find out potential as a functional fermented rice alcohol. Yakju samples were measured to obtain total flavonoid content, total polyphenol content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and reducing power. Total flavonoid and polyphenol contents increased with increasing amounts of dandelion root. The DPPH radical scavenging activity increased with the addition of dandelion root. Also, the reducing power was higher in Yakju with dandelion root compared with controls such as gallic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. It is concluded that the Yakju fermented with additional dandelion root is functionally superior to the rice alcohol without dandelion root.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.626-633
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• 2003

The effects of bromate administration on glutathione were studied in rats. The contents of glutathione in the liver and kidney were significantly decreased but the alteration was not significant in lung and blood by bromate adminstration. The decrease occurred without concomitant increases in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) or in the GSSG/GSH＋GSSG ratio. The activities of $\gamma-glutamyl$ cysteine synthetase in the liver and kidney were decreased by bromate administration. $\gamma-Glutamyl$ transpeptidase activities was significantly decreased in the kidney and not significantly decreased in the lung of bromate treated-rats. These results suggest that the decreased synthesis of glutathione by bromate may be an important reason for the decreased level of glutathione in the liver and kidney, thus the decreased glutathione transport would be a factor on the changes of glutathione contents in bromate-treated rats.