• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.109-133
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• 2016

Major nations undergone grand national strategy regarding Eurasia such as China's One Belt and One Road Strategy and Korea's Eurasia Initiative owing to Eurasia's regional importance. Korea's Eurasia Initiative aims to make one continental, creative continental, peaceful continental with intra-Eurasian nations as grand national strategy is based on creative economy, undertaken by President Park's Government for the future of Eurasia after the Northeast Asian logistics hub strategy. Eurasia Initiative includes logistics network project as an important one which consists of Eurasia Friendly Express, Rajin-Hassan logistics project, the Arctic Ocean route project and Rail transport network project. The success of Eurasia Initiative depends on North Korea. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the improvement of prompt logistics network by networking main rail transport and other transports such as inland waterway transport and air transport by studying the current situation of Eurasia Express project, including rail transport network and the efficient methods of Eurasia logistics. The efficient methods of rail transport network under the Eurasia initiative are construction of multimodal logistics network connected with rail, international cooperation for logistics standardization in Eurasia, Eurasia nations' subscription of logistics-related conventions and projects performance based on these conventions, etc.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.199-211
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• 2018

Ever since Korea was geopolitically divided into North and South Korea in the 1940s, South Korea has depended on maritime transportation for global trade and logistics. Now, however, South Korea is preparing to develop a new global route for trans-Eurasia logistics passing through North Korea. Even though there are difficulties to overcome, South Korea expects that a new overland route, shorter than the existing seaways in the Europe-Asia section, will bring more frequent trade with more rapid and cost-effective logistics services in the future. Related to this issue, this study aims to proactively analyze dynamic logistics changes in South Korea when a trans-Korea railway is developed and linked with the trans-China railway and the trans-Siberian railway. This study employed a system dynamics simulation approach to model the logistics system in South Korea. The simulation results indicated that the traffic of the Uiwang inland container depot near the capital area may increase but the traffic of the Port of Busan may decrease. With supplementary research, consequently, follow-up studies on adjusting the traffic capacity in Korea are required to attain successful trans-Eurasia logistics by rail.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.100-116
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• 2018

Recently, with the US protection trade trend, South Korea 's exports to the US have shrunk and the need to pioneer emerging markets in Eurasia has increased. Due to the bankruptcy of Hanjin Shipping, a large Korean national shipping company, the necessity of securing transportation that can replace the Asian - European shipping route has emerged. Moreover, as the international trade and logistics environment is rapidly changing due to the spread of electronic commerce, it is time to prepare for the environment where IT technology is applied to international logistics activities. Therefore, this study was carried out to establish information strategy of Eurasia logistics information sharing platform from Korean perspective through comparison of logistics information level of Eurasian countries. This study aims at standardization direction for supporting logistics activities between Eurasian countries, providing customs clearance and logistics services without interruption, providing information for expanding business of trade companies, and building information linkage infrastructure for expanding cooperation between logistics companies across countries. Through this study, it is expected that logistics activities through information sharing among countries will be actively carried out.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.683-691
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• 2017

It is important to compare the present condition of railway and marine freight transportation corridors to make good progress for freight transportation to the Eurasia region. This study is performed to investigate the current state of international corridors and to analyze mode choice characteristics between railway and marine transportation in the Eurasia region. SP (Stated Preference) data surveyed from international forwarders who are dealing with international freight shipment to the Eurasia area was used. The analysis results show that there is a competitive relationship between railway and marine transportation to Eurasia, and that the accessibility to each mode has an influence on freight mode choice. It is expected that this study will provide good insight to make effective use of various international corridors in the Eurasia region.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2019

The Panmunjom Declaration adopted by the leaders of South and North Korea on April 27, 2018, has created an environment conducive for peace and cooperation in the Korean Peninsula. In the June of last year, South Korea has joined the Organization for Cooperation between Railways (OSJD). The membership of OSJD has established a solid foundation for restoring a multimodal logistics system that connects the Korean peninsula to Eurasia countries, including China and Russia. In this paper, a questionnaire survey targeting working-level experts was conducted to find the barriers in constructing multimodal logistics that efficiently connect the port-continental railways of the Korean peninsula and the Eurasian nations. Survey items were divided into five categories-border crossing procedures, technology, facilities, operation, and government support. As a result, among the most important problems of international multimodal logistics in Eurasia that need to be solved on priority include improving transshipment facilities, eliminating inspection carried out at every country for transit, simplifying documents for customs clearance, and minimizing the changes in freight rates. In conclusion, for vitalizing the connection between the Korean peninsula and the continental railways, it is necessary to develop a transshipment system to facilitate the changes in tracks at the borders by making a joint effort with the international community. Second, railway and operational systems in South Korea, North Korea, China, and Russia should be standardized. Third, international cooperation among South Korea, North Korea, China, and Russia is essential for simplifying customs clearance at borders, priority departure of domestic cargo, sharing information about the changes in freight rates, and so on. Finally, the government should come up with measures to secure the quantity of cargo required to form block trains, while developing new business models.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2017

While many countries are implementing various policies regarding the logistics network in Eurasia, China has presented "the Belt and Road" Initiative, a development strategy that focuses on connectivity and close cooperation between China and Eurasia. With more than 60 countries participating in the project, China is expected to have a major influence on logistical infrastructure development in Eurasia. This study analyzed the railway stations network using social network analysis (SNA) methodology. We collected data from major railway lines in Eurasia (TAR, TEN-T, TRACECA, GMS) and established a network of 994 railway stations in 65 countries. This study presented the general characteristics of major railway stations from the perspective of SNA and compared the Chinese network with Eurasian networks. To review the railway networks in China and Eurasia, the top 30 stations were selected based on degree centrality and betweenness centrality. Top "degree centrality" stations included Bangkok (Thailand), Tbilisi (Georgia), Baku (Azerbaijan), Kunming (China), and Bucharest (Romania). Top "betweenness centrality" stations were Baku and Alyat (Azerbaijan), Baoji and Turpan (China), Qarshi (Uzbekistan), and Kas (Turkey). In China, Kunming, Nanning, and Gejiu stations have higher degree centrality while betweenness centrality was higher in Baoji, Kunming, and Lanzhou stations. "The Belt and Road" project advocated by China envisions expansion of transportation infrastructure connections throughout Eurasia, but more emphasis is likely to be placed on connectivity that benefits China. In this regard, studies on key bases of international logistics need to consider relative significance within the Chinese network.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.81-105
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• 2016

Recently, master plan on the Far East three provinces in China as well as the Russian Far East coupling with 'Eurasia Initiatives' of our government is doubling its importance. It should take advantage of Zarubino port for the hub of Eurasia Logistics Network. This study forecasts the volume demand and whether the expected items of cargo traffic of Zarubino port with O/Ds for the region including the Far East three provinces in China. Input data and the existing basic unit of Korea were utilized in order to overcome the absence of the relevant information to the region. It was derived by them confined to the industrial complex facility in Jilin Sheng on behalf of the Far East three provinces in China as a pilot study. Suitable for the transport sector as a basis for traditional traffic demand, four-step method for estimating the proposed modifications, complementing methodologies. This study is determined that the contribution to the implications on the region's logistics policies of our government has a commitment with raising awareness of the region's Logistics system.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.137-170
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• 2008

This study is presenting the logistics strategy in the international logistics markets which makes competition and corporation among north-east Asian countries to establishing the multi-pass Eurasian railroads. The countries located in north-east area of Eurasia like China, Japan, Russia and Korea are paying higher costs and disutility to the transportations and communications due to repeated conflicts and confrontations causes from the politic problems. They are being used surface transportation for most of all logistics between Europe and Asia except special merchandises because of characteristic of cargo to be air, the Silk Road remains vestige only which was main logistic passage to this area since BC. So far the Trans-Siberian Railway is being used by Russia mostly as north of Eurasian transport because of difficulties of service. The Trans-China Railway built in 1992 is not accomplishing as a international logistic passages. It is expected to take a long lead time because of characteristic of resource development and poor logistic infrastructure to the countries like Uzbekistan, double landlocked country, Mongolia and Azerbaijan, the countries do not be adjacent to the sea, even they have great economic jump-up plans through the development of their own resources. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO) start to sail officially in 2001 is constructed with China, Russia, Tadzhikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan as regular members of 6 countries and Mongolia, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran as observers 5 countries. It is started as a military alliance to protect terror, but now, it is expended to cooperate with the traffic, transportation, trade and share of energies. The Russia is doing their best to activate TSR as a government target to developnorth area equivalently, and economic develop of far-east Siberia. And also it is agreed provisionally to improve and repair of rail road between Nahjin and Hassan to connect TSR and TKR( Trans-Korea Railroad) by Russia, North Korea and South Korea with Russian's aggressive efforts. The development plan of this area is over lapped with GTI(Greater Tumen Initiative) promoted by UNDP, and is a cooperated project by 5 countries of South Korea, Mongolia, China, Russia and North Korea, subject to review the appropriation of energy, tour, environment, rail road connection between Mongolia and China and establishing a ferry route to north-east Asia. It is Japanese situation to pay attention to Russia and China even they have been supplying large-scope of infrastructure in Mongol area without any charges, target to get East Asia Main Rail Road to connect Mongolia and Zalubino of Russia. In case of the program for the Denuclearization of North Korea is not creeping, it will be accelerated to connect the TKR and TSR, TKR and TCR by somehow attending United States, including developing program promoted by UN ESCAP. As the result, Korean peninsular will continue the central role of competition and cooperation as in the past, now and future of north-east Asia, as of geographical-economics and geographical-politics whether it is requested or not wanted by neighbor countries.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.18-25
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• 2001

국제기구와 우리 정부는 그 동안 아시아 지역과 유럽지역의 경제협력과 발전을 도모하기 위한 철도망 구축 연구와 검토를 지속해 왔다. 극동지역의 철도교통망 구성에 있어서는 한반도와 시베리아 횡단철도(TSR)와의 연결이 중요한 교통 축으로 대두되고 있다. 동북 아시아 지역에서 유럽지역으로의 철도교통루트는 중국횡단철도(TCR), 만주횡단철도(TMR), 몽골횡단철도(TMGR)를 통하여 연결이 가능하며, 이중 한반도와 직접 연결되는 철도는 TCR과 TSR이다. 수송거리와 시간의 단축, 비용의 절감이라는 경제적 이유와 유라시아 물류망 확보라는 측면에서 이들 지역 관계국가들은 깊은 관심을 가지고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.53-78
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• 2006

We call this world network society. Logistics is one of important network systems which connect people, materials and information. The World Economy Conditions of 21st Century has been Changed so rapidly. These Changes are more conspicuous in Northeast Asia than other Regions. China, North Korea and Russia have reformed their Economical and Social Systems, which enlarged the Trade Volume and Traffic Demand in this Area and between Europe. The Railway System Crossing the Eurasia Continent, such as TSR(Trans Siberian Railway), TCR(Trans China Railway), TMR(Trans Manchuria Railway), TMGR(Trans Mongolia Railway) and TKR(Trans Korea Railway), have been becoming very important to enhance the International Transportation efficiency and to connect each continents by International Railways. This Paper investigated and surveyed the logistical Environments surrounding this Korea Peninsula. And concerned with the Crossing Continents Railway, TSR,TCR(TMR, TMGR), TKR, operating Conditions and Tasks that must be considered and solved were also investigated. Especially the Current Logistical Conditions of China, Russia, and North Korea and their Problems were surveyed. And the SWOT of these Railways were analyzed and compared. The Visions and Goals of these Inter-Continental Railways were suggested in terms of their Rationalization of Operations and efficient Connections among many Countries. Not only the Policies and Strategies/Tactics which should be considered but also and Many detail countermeasures which should be introduced and adopted were suggested.