• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1799-1807
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• 1994

Natural convection from a slightly inclined circular cylinders immersed in quiescent cold pure water was studied experimentally. The experiment was carried out for circular cylinders with uniform heat flux ranging from $100W/m^{2} to 800 W/m^{2}$ and inclined angle ranging from horizontal $({\phi}=0^{\circ}) to 15^{\circ}$. The flow fields around cylinder were visualized and heat transfer characteristics investigated by measuring the surface temperatures for each case. As the results, it is shown that flow patterns are changed consecutively through the sequence of steady state downflow, unsteady state flow and steady state upflow with increasing heat flux. At the same inclined angle, as heat flux increases, the average Nusselt number decreases and then increases. At the same heat flux, as inclined angle increases, the average Nusselt number decreases.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.467-472
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• 2000

Most of the past experimental or analytical studies were performed for the curved bend with a square cross-section. Velocity profiles and Reynolds stresses of the turbulence flow in the 270 degree bend with circular cross-section were measured by a hot-wire anemometer. The mean velocity of primary flowing direction effected by the downstream of bend in the entry region of the bend. The flow in the inner part of the bend slowed the distribution velocity relatively large and unsymmetric phenomenon. In the strong secondary flow occurred when the flow passed in the region of 45 degree to 90 degree. The secondary flow appeared very large value in the neighbor region of inner wall.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.746-754
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• 1987

A method for measuring three-dimensional turbulent flows by the hot-wire anemometer is introduced. Mojolla's method using the X-type probe is adopted and modified for the slantwire probe without the linearizer. The probe is aligned with specified angles to the given uniform flow and the shear layer to verify the measuring errors due to the three-dimensionality and the turbulence level. Errors in the measurements of mean velocities and Reynolds stresses increase with the degree of three dimensionality in the flow. The incoming flow angle of 20 degree seems to be the limit of reasonable flow measurements. But there still appear large data scatterings in Reynolds shear stresses.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2007

유동층 반응기를 이용한 프로판의 촉매 분해는 $CO_2$를 방출하지 않고 수소를 생성하는 새로운 방식이다. 카본블랙을 이용한 프로판 분해는 메탄보다 상대적으로 분해가 잘되며, 같은 온도에서 전환률이 높기 때문에 수소 생성량이 더 많다. 촉매로 사용된 카본블랙은 반응 중 생성되는 탄소의 침적에도 불구하고 8시간 이상 촉매의 활성이 유지되어 전환율이 일정하게 유지되었다. 프로판 촉매 분해 실험은 상압에서 600 ${\sim}$ $800^{\circ}C$ 온도 변화 실험을 수행하였고, 가스 유속 변화는 2.0 ${\sim}$ $4.0U_mf$에서 실험 조건 변화에 따른 실험을 하였다. 온도, 유속 변화에 따른 생성 가스의 몰분율과 프로판 전환율을 분석하였다. 프로판 분해에 의해 생성된 기체는 수소뿐만 아니라 메탄, 에틸렌, 에탄, 프로필렌과 분해되지 않은 프로판이 배출되었다. 수소를 제외한 여타 가스들은 고온에서 실험을 할수록 몰비가 줄어들었다. 고온에서 프로판의 전환율과 수소 수득률이 증가하였다. 프로판 분해 실험 전후의 카본블랙 표면의 변화는 FE-TEM으로 관측하였다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1995

본 연구에서는 액체 유동층 열교환기의 수직관내에 유리알 (직경 3.0mm, 비중 2.54) 이 물과 함께 흐를 때 압력 손실, 열전달 계수 및 화울링 계수를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 유리알은 1.0 m/s 이하의 낮은 유속에서 열전달을 증진시켰고 실험범위 내에서 열전달 계수는 유속 및 고체의 흐름양에 관계없이 거의 일정하였다. 압력 손실은 고체의 흐름양이 증가할수록 급격히 증가하였다. 실험 결과를 토대로 압력손실 및 열전달 계수를 예측할 수 있는 상관식을 개발하였다. 유리알 유동층 흐름은 화울링 조절에 효과적인 것으로 일어나지 않았고 이미 화울링이 심하게 일어난 때에도 유리알은 효과적으로 산화철을 제거할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2011

PIV measurements of the velocity field, pressure field, vorticity, and turbulent intensity in the rear of curved section of an oil fence with current speed showed that the flow directions in the rear of flow boundary area were similar to those in the front of it. As the current speed increased, the patterns of pressure distribution were changed, and the turbulent flow became more irregular. CFD simulations under the same conditions as the PIV tests showed that the flow patterns of the wake were similar to those by PIV tests in speed of 0.3 m/s and less, but were distinctively deviated from those in 0.4 m/s due to the flexibility of the oil fence, which was not properly taken care of in CFD modeling.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.2953-2964
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• 1996

Heat Transfer with periodic fluctuation of fluid temperature caused by oscillatory flow or compression expansion can be out of phase with balk fluid-wall temperature difference. Newton's law of convection is inadequate to describe this phenomenon. In order to solve this problem the concept of the complex Nusselt number has been introduced by severla researchers. The complex Nusselt number expresses out of phase excellently while the first harmonic is dominant in the variations of both fluid-wall temperature difference and heat flux. However, in the case of oscillatory flow with non-linear wall temperature distribution, the complex Nusselt number is not appropriate to predict the heat transfer phenomena since the higher order harmonic components appear in periodic temperature variation. Analytic solutions to the heat transfer with an sinusoidal well temperature distribution were obtained to investagate the effect of non-linear wall temperature distribution. A new formula considering the thermal boundary layer was suggested based on the solutions. A comparison was also made with the complex Nusselt number. It was verified that the new formula describes well the heat transfer of oscillating flow even if the first harmonic component is not dominant in the fluid-wall temperature difference.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.359-367
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• 2018

The vortex ring state that occurs during the descending flight of a rotorcraft generates a circulating flow like a donut near the rotating surface, and it often causes a rotorcraft fall due to loss of thrust. In this paper, we have physically identified the flow field in the vortex ring state of the quadcopter, one of the types of unmanned aerial vehicles. The descending flight of the quadcopter was simulated in a 1m subsonic wind tunnel of the Korea Aerospace Research Institute(KARI) and the Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) was used for the flow field measurement. The induced velocity in the hovering state is estimated by using the momentum theory and the test was carried out in the range of descent rate at which the vortex ring condition could be caused. The development and the direction of the vortex ring were confirmed by the measurement of the flow field according to not only the descent rate but also propeller separation distance. In addition, the results of the study show the vortex ring state can be predicted sufficiently by measuring the flow velocity around the quadcopter.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.492-498
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• 2012

Characteristics of DBD(Dielectric Barrier Discharge) plasma actuator as design parameters were investigated for plasma flow control. Flow velocity and power consumption of the DBD plasma actuator were measured according to the design parameters such as discharge voltage and frequency, gap, width and length of electrode, and the thickness of dielectric barrier. The flow velocity and power consumption increased as the discharge voltage and frequency increased. As the electrode gap increased, the flow velocity increased with decreasing the power consumption, whereas high voltage was required for the plasma discharge. The flow velocity increased as the upper-electrode width decreased, and as the lower-electrode width increased at the constant power consumption. The performance of the DBD plasma actuator can be estimated at the given discharge and geometry conditions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.607-618
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• 2014

An experimental investigation of turbulent heat transfer during the vertical upward flow of supercritical $CO_2$ was conducted in a circular tube with inner diameter of 4.5 mm. The experiments were conducted at bulk fluid temperatures ranging from 29 to $115^{\circ}C$, pressures from 74.6 to 102.6 bar, local wall heat fluxes from 38 to $234kW/m^2$, and mass fluxes from 208 to $874kg/m^2s$. At moderate wall heat and low mass fluxes, the wall temperature had a noticeable peak value. For observing the buoyancy and flow acceleration effects on heat transfer, the ratios of Nusselt numbers from the experimental data and a reference correlation were compared with the $Bo^*$ and $q^+$ distributions. The flow acceleration parameter $q^+$ appropriately represented the heat transfer phenomena in the experiments. A new heat transfer correlation for the vertical upward flow of the supercritical pressure fluid was developed, and was found to agree with the experimental data with an error margin of ${\pm}30%$.