• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.289-293
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• 2003

Doxorubicin is an anthracycline-family polyketide compound with a very potent anti-cancer activity, typically produced by Streptomyces peucetius. In order to increase doxurubicin productivity, a semi-industrial doxorubicin-producing Streptomyces strain named BR-Dox was cultured in a R2YE liquid medium containing CaCO$_3$, and then converted to a cell wall-free protoplast using lysozyme treatment method, followed by PEG-mediated cell wall regeneration. Among several protoplast-regenerated Streptomyces BR-Dox strains, two independent isolates named BR-Dox4 and BR-Dox6 were visually selected using thin layer chromatography (TLC) based on the pigment overproducing phenotype. Comparing with Streptomyces BR-Dox parental strain, two protoplast-regenerated strains, BR-Dox4 and BR-Dox6 exhibited 25.2％ and 12.2％ higher doxorubicin productivity analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. This result suggests that a protoplast-regeneration of an antibiotics-producing Streptomyces strain should be a promising strain development approach for antibiotics overproduction in Streptomyces species.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.31-53
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• 2013

In the early twentieth century, history of animation began by modern artists, they produced various experimental images with the newly invented film and cameras. Artists in the field of movie, photography, paintings and others manipulated images in motion. But as some animated movies won industrial success and popularity, they became the trend but experimental style of early animation preserved by so-called non-mainstreamers or experimental animators, counteracting commercialism. Disney animation also followed the trend by applying realistic Hollywood film style, the worse critics placed a low value on the animation and it tarnished the image, although it was profitable investment from a business standpoint. To make images realistic, they opened a drawing class that animators developed skills to imitate motions and forms from subjects in real life. Also some techniques and gizmos were used to mimic and simulate three dimensional objects and spaces, multiplane camera and compositing 3D CG images with 2D drawings. Moreover, they brought animation stories from fairly tales or folk tales, and Walt's personal interest in live-action movies, they applied Hollywood-film-like narratives and realistic visual, and harsh criticism ensued. On the surface early disney animations' potential seems to be weakened, but in reality it still exists by simplifying and exaggerating forms and color as modern arts. Disney animation employs concepts of the modernism paintings such as simplified shapes and colors to a character design, when their characters are placed together in a scene, that visual elements cause mental reaction. This modification gives a new internal experience to audiences. As conceptual colors in abstract paintings make images appeared to be flat, coloring characters with no shading make them look flat and comparing to them, background images are also appeared to be flat. On top of that, multi-perspective at background images recalls modernist paintings. This essay goes in details with the animation pioneers' works and how Disney animation developed its techniques to emulate real life and analyses color schemes, forms, and spaces in Disney animation compared with modern artists' works, in that the visual language of Disney animation reminds of impression from abstract paintings in the beginning of the twentieth centuries.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2015

The effects of a dielectric multilayer mirror on the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were investigated by using optical simulation. Adoption of a dielectric mirror consisting of alternating SiN and $SiO_2$ layers narrowed the emission spectrum due to the microcavity effect, and increased the outcoupling efficiency by a few percent. The layer thicknesses of the dielectric mirror were adjusted to change the wavelength of the resonance mode, which may be used to increase the color purity.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.33-47
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• 1992

A study for the material and geometric nonlinear analysis of segmentally erected cable-supported prestressed concrete plane frames including the time-dependent effects due to load history, creep, shrinkage, aging of concrete, and relaxation of prestressing steel and cable is presented. Updated Lagrangian formulation is used to account for the nonlinear behavior of the structure. For the time-dependent analysis. the time domain is divided into a discrete number of intervals, and a step-forward integration is performed as the solution progresses in the time domain. At each time step. a nonlinear finite element analysis is performed in the space domain. Segmental erection methods are implemented by providing the capability to change the configuration of the structure at any time step of the solution. The computer program CFRAME is developed and a series of numerical examples are presented to study the validity of the program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.163-169
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• 1996

인위돌연변이 유기에 의해 벼로부터 새로운 유전형질체를 개발하기 위하여 낙동벼(모품종)에서 고정된 엽록소 결핍계통(ch mutant)을 선발하였다. 이 계통은 생육 초기부터 엽록소결핍으로 정상엽에 비하여 노란색을 나타내기 때문에 엽록소의 광합성 관여 유전자탐색에 이용가능하다. ch mutant는 전 생육기간 동안 모품종의 51~87% 정도의 엽록소 함량을 보였으나 엽록소 a/b 함량비는 차이가 없었다. ch mutant의 총 엽록소 함량은 모품종의 70.2%였으면 anthocyanin 함량과 flavonol 함량은 각각 285%와 142% 로 높은 함량비를 나타냈다. ch mutant의 카로티노이드 함량은 모품종의 71.1%였고, 크산토필 함량은 56.6%였다. 특히 카로티노이드 성분중 lutein과 neoaxanthin 함량은 각각 모품종의 32%와 34.4%로 매우 낮았으며, $\beta$-카로틴은 차이가 없으나 antheraxsnthin 함량은 106.9%오히려 증가하였다. 개엽상태에서나 군락 상태에서 ch mutant의 반사율과 투과율은 모두 모품종에 비하여 높아 광흡수량은 저하되었다. ch mutant는 모품종에 비하여 출수기가 5일 늦고 간자, 수장, 주당수수, 수당 입수, 임실율, 천립 중 수량에 감소하였다. ch mu-tant와 모푸종은 esterase, phosphogluose isomerase, malic enzyme, hexokinase 동위 효소의 밴드 패턴에서 유의할 만한 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 엽록체 단백질의 경우 주요 밴드인 60KD의 분자량에서 차이를 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 1993

We have derived Gaussian bracket expressions of aplanatic and achromatic conditions and obtained the numerical solutions for each of two modules of the telephoto type telescope objective free from the Seidel first order spherical aberration, coma, and longitudinal chromatic aberration. The system which is for use in sighting a target is optimized within the resolution of eyes. The objective lens satisfying the aplanatic and achromatic condition has f/8.5 with the half field angle 0.$3^{\circ}$, and the telephoto ratio is 0.839 with the focal length of 30 cm.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.461-465
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• 2003

Five denitrifying bacteria, which were identified as Pseudomonas sp., were isolated by the enrichment culture technique. The most effective denitrifying bacterium was named as Pseudomonas DWS, which was cultivated at anoxic condition. The optimal growth temperature and pH were 30$^{\circ}C$ and 7-8, respectively. Cell growth almost revealed a stationary phase at 18 hours after cultivation and nitrate was degrade 99.9％ during this period. Therefore, it is suggested that Pseudomonas DWS could be effectively used for the biological treatment of wastewater containing nitrogen compounds.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.143.2-143.2
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• 2011

보현산천문대 1.8 m 망원경과 2K CCD를 이용하여 2002년 4월과 2003년 5월에 중원소 함량이 아주 적은 구상성단 M53(NGC 5024)과 M92(NGC 6341)에 대하여 BVI CCD 측광관측을 수행하였다. 구상성단 M53과 M92의 정밀한 상대 나이 측정을 위하여 M53의 측광관측 자료에 대해 조동환과 이상각이 2007년 출간한 구상성단 M15(NGC 7078)와 M92를 대상으로 수행한 측광연구 논문에서 M92의 측광관측 자료를 분석할 때 적용한 꼭 같은 방식으로 전처리, PSF 측광, 표준화 등의 자료 분석을 수행하였다. 그리고 구상성단 M53의 V 대 BV, V 대 V-I, 그리고 V 대 B-I 색-등급도를 제시하였다. 구상성단 M53과 M92의 상대 나 이는 ${\Delta}$(B-V) 방법을 이용하여 도출하였다. 구상성단 M53과 M92 사이의 상대 나이 비교에서 M92의 절대 나이를 14 Gyr로 취할 경우 M53의 상대 나이가 M92의 상대 나이보다 $1.1-2.6{\pm}0.9$ Gyr 적은 것으로 유도하였다. 구상성단 M53과 M92의 이 상대 나이 차이는 M53과 M92의 약간 다른 수평계열 형태 차이를 유발했을 것으로 추정한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.852-862
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• 2020

Interventional radiology (IR) embolization requires image guidance to steer catheters to the site of bleeding, where embolic agents such as Gelfoam or coils are administered to stem blood flow. In addition to treating iatrogenic trauma, embolization is suitable for injuries precluding surgery such as blush-bleeding of the liver or kidney and for locating and treating intimal blood vessel tears. However, during hospital off-hours (such as nights and holidays), experienced IR personnel are not always available. In such situations, there is a dire need to build a coordinated IR team to treat seriously injured patients rapidly and reliably. This article reviews the current principles and techniques used in IR such as virtual fluoroscopy and their usefulness, and makes a convincing case for emergency IR.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 1998

Purpose : The best prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma can be achieved with surgical resection. However, the number of resected cases is limited due to the advanced lesion or associated liver disease. A trial of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) and local radiotherapy(RT) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) was prospectively conducted and its efficacy and toxicity were investigated. Materials and Methods : From 1992 to 1994, 30 Patients with unresectable HCC due either to advanced lesion or to associated cirrhosis were entered in the study Exclusion criteria included the presence of extrahepatic metastasis, liver cirrhosis of Child's class C, tumors occupying more than two-thirds of the whole liver, and an ECOG scale of more than 3. Patient cHaracteristics were : mean tumor size $8.95\pm3.4cm$, serum AFP+ in all patients, portal vein thrombosis in all patients, liver cirrhosis in 22 patients, and UICC stage III and IVA in 10 and 20 patients, respectively. TACE was performed with the mixture of Lipiodol(5ml) and Adriamycin(50mg) and Gelfoam embolizatin. RT(mean dose $44.0\pm9.3Gy$) 10 days with conventional fractionation. Results : An objective response was observed in 19 patients($63.3\%$). Survival rates at 1 2, and 3 years were $67\%,\;33.3\%$ and $22.2\%$, respectively. Median survival was 17 months. There were 6 patients surviving more than 3 years. Distant metastasis occurred in 10 patients, with 8 in the lung only and 2 in both lung and bone, Toxicity included transient elevation of liver function test in all patients, fever in 20, thrombocytopenia in 4, and nausea and vomiting in 1. There was no treatment-related death. Conclusion : Combined TACE and RT appear to produce a favorable response and survival results with minimal toxicity.