• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 1997

The changes of microorganisms, pH, color and flavor were examined in the chicken treated with O％, 1%, 2%, and 3% lactic acid solutions during the storage at 4$^{\circ}C$. Lactic acid treatment inhibited the growth of mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and enteric bacilli as the concentration increased, however, it was not effective on yeasts and molds. Extension of lag phase for mesophilic bacteria and suppression of log phase for psychrotrophs and enteric bacilli were observed in the growth inhibition patterns. The pH of the chicken increased during the storage and antimicrobial effect of lactic acid appears to be due to mainly the decrease of pH. No flavor change of the chicken was observed by any lactic acid treatment, however, 3％ lactic acid caused discoloration of the chicken.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2005

Cellulose acetate derivatives containing 6-(p-hexyloxyphenyl)carbonyl spirobenzopyran (CA-COSP) were prepared from base-catalyzed etherification of cellulose acetate, and their physical and photochromic properties were characterized. The degree of substitution of COSP was calculated from the amount of residual hydroxyl groups in cellulose acetate measured by the $^1H$-NMR and UV spectrometric data. It was ranging from 0.87 to 45.5% depending on the reaction condition. UV/vis spectrometry of the resulting CA-COSP revealed that the polymer shows a reversible color change by changing its color from colorless to blue upon UV irradiation forming a merocyanine structure, and returning back again to colorless spiropyran structure by visible light or by heat. The rate of color change was faster in solution than in the film. In the more polar solvent, the more stable was the resulting merocyanine, and the slower was the rate of reverse reaction to spiropyran. Compared to COSP blended with cellulose acetate, in which a phase separation was observed for samples containing more than 0.9 wt% of COSP, up to 48 wt% of COSP could be blended in CA-COSP without phase separation.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-52
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• 2006

There has been a claim that Interaction between the cerebral hemispheres could reduce the effect interfering information (Weissman & Banich, 1999). We ran three experiments to show that between-hemisphere separation of target and distractor could be more effective for reducing interference than Interaction between the hemispheres. In experiment 1, a colored box and a rotor name were presented to a single or to separate hemispheres. In experiment 2 and 3, a colored circle (distractor) was presented along with a colored box and a color name which was always printed in black. In experiment 3, a peripheral cue was presented either to the target location(66.7%) or to the distractor location(33.3%) Immediately before the presentation of stimuli. In all experiments, the participants were asked to deride whether the moaning of the color matched the rotor of the box, Ignoring the printed rotor of the word(Exp. 1), or the color of the circle(Exp. 2 & 3). There were three renditions of distractor (congruent, incongruent, and neutral) and two conditions of matching (between- and within-hemisphere matching). If interhemispheric interaction were effective for interference reduction, there should be a decrease in the interference in the between-hemisphere compared to the within-hemisphere matching condition. The results showed that there was no difference in the interference between the two matching conditions in Exp 1. In Exp 2 and in the target-cue renditions of Exp. 3, the amount of interference in the between-hemisphere condition was greater than that in the within-hemisphere condition. These findings are consistent with what we have previously reported (Sohn et al., 1996, Sohn & Lee, 2003). However, when the distractor was precued in Exp. 3, the amount of interference did not differ between the two marching conditions. These results suggest that between-hemisphere separation of target and distractor can be more effective for reducing response interference than interhemispheric communication. It implies a possible role of an interhemispheric shielding mechanism (Merola & Liederman, 1985) to prevent the transfer of task-irrelevant, harmful information across the hemispheres.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.256-256
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• 2015

이산화 바나듐 ($VO_2$)은 340 K 임계온도를 기점으로 금속-절연체 상전이를 통해 전기적, 광학적 특성이 가역적으로 변하는 물질로 잘 알려져 있다. 그러나 낮은 가시광 투과율과 비선호적인 색상(황갈색)으로 인해 열변색 스마트 창호응용과 관련하여 해결해야 할 문제로 남아있다. 본 연구에서는 상기 문제를 해결하고자 고분자 나노 구 템플릿을 응용하여 2차원의 벌집구조를 갖는 $VO_2$ 박막을 졸 겔 방법을 통해 제작하였으며 가시광 투과율 향상을 유도하였다. 나노 구의 지름과 코팅조건에 따라 구조변화를 유도하였으며 FE-SEM과 AFM을 통해 박막의 구조적 변화를 측정하였다. 결과로부터 나노 구의 역상모양을 갖는 박막이 형성 되었으며 직경에 따라 패턴 간격이 확연하게 변화되었음을 확인 하였다. 나노 구가 위치하고 있던 자리로부터 빈 공간형성을 유도할 수 있었으며 이는 가시광 투과율향상에 직접적 영향을 주었다. 또한 상기 패턴화된 $VO_2$ 박막은 광학 스위칭 효율을 유지하면서 주기적 패턴으로부터 시각적으로 광결정유도를 통한 미적 시너지를 보였며 본 연구로부터 $VO_2$기반 스마트 창호 응용에 많은 기여가 기대된다.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

Natural dyeing has traditionally been used in many countries around the world, and as natural dyes are diversified, the diversity of dyeing patterns is also expanding. This study tried to establish standardization by providing numerical values that could provide quantified information to the Internet of Things by more accurately analyzing the color changes of dyes and mordants for the four natural dyes. The addition of copper acetate, iron II sulfate and potassium dichromate to the dye extracted from Juglans regia Linn changed the original color of brown to other colors of purple, khaki and dark brown, respectively. Except for potassium dichromate added to Sophora japonica L. or Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht, the concentration of other mordants was reduced, but the color difference of the dyed silk was very large. However, although there is a difference in degree, copper acetate and iron sulfate induced color changes of 35% and 15%, respectively. In summary, it was confirmed that the highest color change was induced when 15 grams of copper acetate was added to J. regia Linn, S. japonica L. and P. amurense Ruprecht and 150 grams of iron to Phytolacca americana. The results of this study suggested that the accurate color change by various mordants can be utilized as important information that enables more accurate color induction by dyes and mordants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1979.10a
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• pp.248.2-248
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• 1979

식초산 발효 실험을 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 자연에서 초산균 52균주를 분리하고 그중 식초산 농도 5.5% 이상되는 초산균 CAU-4, CAU-15, CAU-17, CAU-46, 4균주를 선별하였다. 2. 정치배양과 진탕배양을 실시한 결과 산생성랑은 진탕배양에서 월등한 효과를 보였다. 3. 유기태 질소원의 첨가시 peptone을 0.4%까지 증가를 보였고, yeast extract는 0.1~0.2%가 최적량이고 그 이상은 산량이 감소되었다. 4. $NH_4NO_3의$ 자화성을 조사한 결과 CAU-17만이 자화하지 못하였고, 무기태 질소원으로서는 $(NH_2)_2CO가$ 가장 좋았다. 5. 무기염류는 $KH/_2PO_4,$ $MgSO_4.7H_2$ O 0~0.1% 첨가하여 약간의 효과를 보았다. 6. Glucose의 첨가량별 산량의 증가는 0.25% 첨가시 0% 첨가시 보다 증가를 보인 반면 1% 첨가시는 오히려 감소하였다. 7. 초발 alcohol농도가 낮을수록 유도기와 대수기가 단축되며 10%이상에서는 4균주 모두 산을 생성하지 못하였다. 8. 초발산도가 높을 경우 유도기가 길어지고 산생성량이 줄어 들었다. 9. 초산균의 배양온도는 $30^{\circ}C,$ $35^{\circ}C에서$ 산생성 속도가 가장 빨랐다. 10. 발효시 산생성량에 따른 세균수의 증가는 접종후 2~3일 사이에 가장 많았다. 11. 초산의 증가와 더불어 균체량은 증가하였고 pH는 약간색 감소하나 PH는 2.5이하로는 내려가지 않았다. 12. alcohol 잔량은 발효 개시 후 5 ~6일의 정지기에 가장 낮았다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.12 s.148
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• pp.1608-1618
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• 2005

The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the degradation products of the dye component extracted from madder dyed fabrics using the GC-MS analysis and to evaluate the change of color due to degradation treatment. Four different degradation protocols were used in this study,; refrigeration at $7^{\circ}C$ (LT), room temperature (RT), oven treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ (OV), and $H_2O_2/UV(PER)$ method. Degradation times for each thermal system were 6 hour, 24 hour, 48 hour, 1 week, 2 week, 4 week. Alizarin was detected from the control and degraded samples of both alizarin dyed and madder dyed fabrics. Benzoic acid, 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol, phthalic anhydride were detected as the degradation products for both alizarin dyed and madder dyed fabrics. The result suggest that these products can be used as the fingerprints of GC-MS analysis for the identification of madder dye in archaeological textiles. Both alizarin dyed and madder dyed samples became less red and less yellow after degradation. In the PER degradation system madder dyed sample showed the greatest color difference even after 1 week of degradation treatment. Further research is necessary for investigating the color change in the exhumed textiles, which is caused by the dual action of dye fading and the staining of organic matters in the soil.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.785-794
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• 2021

This study investigated the current status of the design and direction of improvement of the sign system of urban railway stations in the Seoul metropolitan area to see how difficult it is for users to use. As a research method, first, a theoretical study on the literature of the urban railway sign system, second, a survey on the current status of the sign design of the Gimpo Goldline in the Seoul metropolitan area, and third, a survey on the actual use of the sign and problems was conducted. As a result of the current status survey, the location sign is in central alignment with the font of the guide sign, and the guidance sign is in front/back alignment according to the location of the entrance and exit. The background of the font is white and the text is dark black to make it look good to the user. On the other hand, guidance sign is written in white color and background color is gray color. Currently, the Gimpo Urban Railway Guidance Sign System is newly produced and installed, but there is a lack of user design and needs design maintenance that can clearly deliver information to users.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to establish how drivers react on different pavement markings in a driving simulator for speed reduction. For this, forty one people between the ages of twenty and seventy took part in this experiment. A study analyzed which patterns are effective to reduce a speeding. As a results, 'Peripheral Transverse Lines II' were the most effective treatment for reducing driving speeds in the driving simulator. This study carries an important meaning when presenting the effectiveness of speed reduction for perceptual countermeasure based on the human factors. Further research will be required to determine the long term effectiveness of these countermeasures due to concerns over drivers becoming too accustomed to implemented markings. Also, the color contrasts (for example, dark asphalt with white markings) can be considered.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.100-105
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• 2017

An 8-hydroxyquinoline compound that was synthesized with 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde and 4-aminoantipyrine was investigated for use as the sensing material of a fiber-optic copper ion sensor in an aqueous environment. The experiment was conducted with a fiber-optic measurement system, in order to evaluate the relationship between the absorbance peak and copper ion concentration. The synthesized derivative exhibited a (highly selective) chromogenic phenomenon for copper ions among various metal ions in an aqueous environment and showed a specific absorbance peak at a wavelength of 530 nm for copper ions. The effect of mercury ions was investigated to evaluate the selectivity of the prepared synthesized derivatives toward Cu ions. The absorbance was measured at various concentration ratios of Cu and Hg ions (Cu:Hg ratios from 0.05 to 20), and it was found that the absorbance at 530 nm tended to increase with increasing Cu ion concentration. The experimental results also showed the linear relationship between the logarithmic concentration of copper ions and the specific absorbance peak at a wavelength of 530 nm. These results indicate that the synthesized 8-hydroxyquinoline compound has selectivity for copper ions and can be used as a sensing material for fiber-optic copper ion sensors.