• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.151-163
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• 2022

This study was conducted to promote organic fertilizer(s) that sustain soil productivity for corn production and protect the environment as required by the Act on the promotion of eco-friendly agriculture. It was conducted at the research station of the Organic Agriculture Division of the National Institute of Agricultural. The treatments consisted of Compost (Com), Bokashi as fermented organic fertilizer (FOF), and mixed expeller pressed cake (PC). They were applied at 174 kg N /ha to field corn, together with a 'no fertilizer' check in Randomized Complete Block Design. At eight weeks after transplanting (WAT) corn, compost increased soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to 7.48 and 0.76 g/kg respectively, while other fertilizers maintained the initial levels (before treatment application). At corn harvest (13 WAT), soil chemical properties (total C, total N, pH, electrical conductivity, P₂O₅, Ca, K, and Mg) were similar among all organic fertilizer treatments. For soil respiration, FOF increased soil CO₂ respiration by 31-76% above other fertilizer treatments. However, there were no prominent changes in the trends of CH₄ fluxes following the two mechanical weeding operations. Fermented organic fertilizer affected N₂O emissions between 87-96% lower than other fertilizer treatments. Compared to the initial microbial densities, FOF increased fungi and actinomycete colony foming unit by 25 and 16% at harvest. Therefore, the additional potential of improving soil biological fertility and local availability of raw materials make FOF a better option to sustain soil productivity while protecting the environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.523-530
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• 2010

This study was conducted to analyze and determine formation potentials for chlorination disinfection by-products (DBPs) from 14 synthetic nitrogen compounds with or without $Br^-$. 5 of 14 compounds were 3-aminobenzoic acid, 2-aminophenol, aniline, anthranilic acid and 4-nitroaniline that were relatively shown high for formation of THMs/DOC whether or not $Br^-$ presented. 6 compounds that were p-nitrophenol, 3-aminobenzoic acid, 2-aminophenol, aniline, anthranilic acid and 4-nitroaniline were shown high for formation of haloacetic acids (HAAs)/DOC whether or not $Br^-$ presented. Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) was dominated in 6 compounds. The formation of haloacetonitriles (HANs)/DOC whether or not $Br^-$ presented was high in 3-aminobenzoic acid, 2-aminophenol, aniline and anthranilic acid. Specially, aniline was detected 14.6∼16.1 ${\mu}g/mg$. The formation of chloral hydrate (CH)/DOC and chloropicrin (CP)/DOC were shown high in 3-aminobenzoic acid and 2-aminophenol in 14 compounds. 6 compounds (3-aminobenzoic acid, 2-aminophenol, aniline, anthranilic acid, 4-nitroaniline, p-nitrophenol) and a commercial humic acid were tested for the formation of DBPs/DOC whether or not $Br^-$ presented. When $Br^-$ was added, the DBPs/DOC was higher for the order of aniline> anthranilic acid> 3-aminobenzoic acid> 4-nitroaniline> humic acid> p-nitrophenol> 2-aminophenol. And when $Br^-$ was not added, the DBPs/DOC was higher for the order of anthranilic acid> aniline> p-nitrophenol> humic acid> 4-nitroaniline> 3-aminobenzoic acid> 2-aminophenol.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.359-372
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• 2015

This study was to assess the effects of sowing mixed legume forage and applying fermented cattle manure on the productivity and feed value of whole crop wheat (WCW) as a representative of winter crops and also to estimate feeding capacity of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) per unit area by defining optimal application levels of cattle manure for more fertile soil and manure recycling for the purpose of reduced environmental pollution and efficient production of organic forage contributable to production of organic animal products. Sowing mixed legume forage significantly (p<0.05) increased yields of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) for WCW compared to WCW alone sowing, but there were no differences between mixed sowing treatments. The yields of DM, CP and TDN were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 100~150 kg N/ha. The CP and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were highest in mixed sowing with hairy vetch, followed by sowing mixed forage pea and WCW alone (p<0.05). There were no differences in CP among cattle manure application levels. As nitrogen application level increased, ADF content increased (p<0.05), but TDN content decreased (p<0.05). Feeding capacity of organic Hanwoo (head/ha) weighing 450 kg of body weight with 400 g of daily gain significantly (p<0.05) increased due to mixed sowing with legume forage, and with increasing application levels of fermented cattle manure, feeding capacity significantly (p<0.05) increased. The results indicated that mixed-sowing of WCW and legume forage not only reduced nitrogen application level of fermented cattle manure by over 50 kg per ha but also increased their feed value and productivity, and feeding capacity. This would be contributable to diversity of forage resources as well as production of organic animal product by creating low cost and high quality of forage.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2009

Cyclosporin, an immunosuppressant, is a representative group of biologically active secondary metabolites produced by the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum. The amount and ratio of cyclosporin derivatives in the culture broth are an important factors for the production of cyclosporin A and the purification in the industrial process. Therefore, we studied the effect of amino acids and complex organic nitrogen sources using Tolypocladium inflatum mutants on the productivity of cyclosporin A and the ratio of cyclosporin derivatives. Overproducing mutant YHC-004 having seven times higher productivity than mother strain's could be obtained through the artificial mutation by UV irradiation. The concentration and kind of organic nitrogens and amino acids shows the profound effect on the productivity of cyclosporin A and ratio of cyclosporin derivatives. As a result, it was possible to raise the productivity and the ratio of cyclosporin A up to 3,430 mg/L and 93% respectively, but on the other hand the other cyclosporin derivatives decreased less than 2% in the culture broth.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate soil nutrient concentrations and fertilizer recovery of sorghum- sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) as affected by organic nutrient sources. The treatments included livestock compost, alfalfa hay, oilcake, and chemical fertilizer. Nutrient applications were made at the rates equivalent to approximately 210 kg N per hectare. The oilcake and alfalfa materials had the lowest C : N ratio, but the livestock compost had the highest C:N ratio such as 33.7 : 1. The livestock compost resulted in the highest input to ground surface, which increased nutrient concentrations in soil. The oilcake and alfalfa materials with low C : N ratios increased N-mineralization rate in soil compared to livestock. The N uptake efficiency in plants treated by alfalfa or oilcake was approximately 60% of those treated with chemical fertilizer; but those with livestock compost had N uptake efficiency lower than 20%. The $P_2O_5$ uptake efficiency was the highest in the plants treated with the alfalfa hay, but the lowest in those with livestock compost. Recommendation of organic material selection should consider C:N ratio of the raw materials based on the individual crop requirement.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2010

Wetlands are a well known ecosystem which have high spatial-temporal heterogeneity of chemical characteristics. This high heterogeneity induces diverse biogeochemical processes, such as aerobic decomposition, denitrification, and plant productivity in wetlands. Understanding the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic nitrogen in wetlands is important because DOC and inorganic nitrogen are main factors controlling biological processes in wetlands. In this study, we assessed spatial distribution of DOC and inorganic nitrogen with relation to the different hydrology and vegetation in created wetlands. Both DOC and nitrate contents were significantly higher in vegetated areas than open areas. Different water levels also affected DOC contents and their quality. Average DOC contents were $0.37mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ in deep riparian (DR) and $0.31mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ in shallow riparian (SR). These results appeared to be related to the interaction between carbon supply by vegetation and microbial decomposition. On the other hand, inorganic nitrogen contents were not affected by water level differences. This result indicates that presence/absence of vegetation could be a more important factor than hydrology in the spatial dynamics of inorganic nitrogen. In conclusion, we observed that vegetation and hydrology differences induced spatial distribution of carbon and nitrogen which are directly related to biogeochemical processes in wetlands.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of slow-release fertilizers on yield of radigh. Fertilizers were treated with CDU, MEISTER, Jobi Gohyungbok-hapbiryo, Kyungki Wonyebokbi 1ho, Kyungkibokbi Nojeok, Kyungki Jeonjakgo-hyungbokbi, Tradidtional manuring, and No maunring. Yields of radish were increased with slow-release fertilizers, CDU and MEISTER were effective to radish shoot, also. But analysis of chemical components of plants and soil were no difference. It was very effect to increase yields of radish, to reduce in number of supplementary manuring and laboring.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.87-89
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• 2001

온도조건에 따른 염소투입량과 염소투입 후 방치조건에 따른 유기할로겐화합물의 발생특성에 대해 검토하였다. 원수의 수질특성에 있어서 암모니아성 질소와 TOC의 농도가 높을수록 TOXs의 발생량은 높았고, 온도조건에 따른 TOXs의 발생량은 그다지 큰 차이는 없는 반면 염소투입량에 따른 실험에서는 큰 차이를 보였다. 방치조건에 따른 TOXs의 발생량은 실외에서 방치했을 경우 조금 높게 나타났다. 따라서 10～$30^{\circ}C$의 온도조건보다는 유기물의 농도와 염소투입량과 TOXs의 발생량과의 관계가 밀접하고, 실외방치시 시료수의 잔류염소와 외부로부터의 유기물등의 유입으로 인한 반응으로 인해 TOXs 발생량이 높아졌다고 추정되나 추후 면밀한 검토가 요구된다.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of slow-release fertilizers on yield of lettuce. Fertilizers were treated with CDU, MEISTER, Jobi Gohyungbokhapbiryo, Kyungki Wonyebokbi 1ho, Kyungkibokbi Nojeok, Kyungki Jeonjakgohyungbokbi, Traditional manuring, and No manuring. Yields of Spinach was increased with slow-release fertilizers, also. But analysis of chemical components of plants and soil were no difference. It was very effect to increase yields of lettuce, to reduce in number of supplementary manuring and laboring.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.197-204
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• 1999

VOC(volatile organic compound)는 도료제조, 자동차, 선박의 도색, 인쇄, 염색 공정에서 주로 발생하는 휘발성 유기화합물로서 호흡기로 들어가면 중추신경 등 주요 기관의 장애를 일으킬 수 있으며, 질소화합물과 광화학반응을 일으켜 오존을 유발하는 위험물질이다. 정부에서는 1991년 대기환경보존법을 제정하여 유기용제의 배출을 규제하고 있고, 이 법에 따라 금년부터 석유화학정제업, 저유소에 VOC 방지시설을 의무적으로 설치해야 한다.(중략)