• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to characterize the coffee ground and its possibility to develop the antifungal activity. pH, EC, and Zn contents of the coffee ground from coffee shops were higher than those of commercial coffee ground, but there was no significant difference in $K_2O$, CaO, MgO, $Na_2O$, Mn contents. The antimicrobial activity of the water soluble extracts from the coffee shop and the commercial coffee ground were tested for six major plant pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Alternaria alternata, and Botrytis cinerea. The result showed that there was reliable antifungal activity against all of tested plant pathogenic fungi. The inhibition effects of coffee ground compost extract on the spore germination and zoospore formation were investigated. Water soluble extracts of the coffee ground compost mixture added with 10% sesame oil cake were significantly inhibited the growth of conidia germination of A. altanata and zoospore formation of P. capsici in vitro. For investigating the functional materials of coffee ground compost, it was measured the total polyphenolic compounds contents with 30 days interval during decomposing coffee ground for 90 days. The total polyphenolic content increased with decomposing periods, and it observed that the highest total polyphenolic content was $0.35{\pm}0.03mg\;GAE/g$ on the 90th day in the coffee ground compost added with 10% sesame oil cake.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.92-99
• /
• 2002

The study was conducted to investigate the changes of soil properties and evaluation of plant utilization according to the application of compost used with phyllite. At this experiment, the plant cultivation test(lettuce and radish plant) was carried out to know about physico-chemical properties of compost, humus degradarion and stabilization degree, and some effects among rhe treatments were best at 20Mg/ha in PSPC 10(Phyllite, Saw dust, Pig manure Compost) plots and ar 10Mg/ha in PSPC 20 treatments, respectively. The EC value was high in the compost. Therefore the EC was appeared more than 2ds/m at the applied 40Mg/ha with compost. And in case of lettuce, Avail.-$P_2O_5$ and EC were more increased than in the radish plots, highly. In contrast, in case of radish, Toral-N, Total-C, and EC contents were decreased after plant cultivation. That is, it could know that radish was fond of absorprion of nitrogen. Also, BD values of soil physical properties were decreased according to increasing of phyllite addition ratio, however water holding capacity(WHC) was increased. The plant test had not been darnaged through the application of compost used with phyllite in soil and there had not been worse on changing of soil physico-chemical properties. Consequently, phyllite composts have been thought on agricultural utilized possibility.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.377-384
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate effect of temperature condition on nitrogen mineralization of organic matter, distribution of microbial group by PLFA profiles, and soil microbial community in non-volcanic ash soil. Dried soil 30 g mixed well each 2 g of pellet (OFPE) organic fertilizers, pig manure compost (PMC), and food waste compost (FWC). And then had incubated at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Nitrogen mineralization rate increased with increasing temperature and that was in the order of FWC>OFPE>PMC. Distribution ratio of microbial group by PLFA profiles showed that was different significantly according to incubation temperature and the type of organic matter. As incubating time passed, density of microbial group decreased gradually. The Gram-bacteria PLFA/Gram+ bacteria PLFA, Fungi PLFA/Bacteria PLFA, and Unsaturated PLFA/saturated PLFA ratios were decreased according to the increasing temperature gradually. Principal component analysis using PLFA profiles showed that microbial community structures were composed differently by temperature factor at both 75 days ($10^{\circ}C$) and 270 days ($30^{\circ}C$). In conclusion, Soil microbial community structure showed relative sensitivity and seasonal changes as affected by temperature and organic matter type.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.188-193
• /
• 2010

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of organic materials on soil organisms. Changes in the community structure, and population density of soil organisms (microbes, nematodes, and microarthropods) were studied in a Korean ginseng field. Phospholipid fatty acids analysis showed that the relative abundances of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes did not differ significantly. The aerobes/anaerobes ratio was the lowest in soils amended with leaf mold, indicating that the decomposition speed was slow. Further, the addition of leaf mold to the soil enhanced the saturated/monounsaturated fatty acid ratio and cyclopropyl fatty acid/precursor ratio, which indicated an increase in environmental stresses. Application of pig manure compost (PMC) had positive effects on the population density of nematodes, and negative effects on that of oribatid mites. The population densities of nematodes, and microarthropods remained relatively low in the plots that had been treated with leaf mold or pig manure compost. It is suggested that pre-planting soil management directed at enhancing the biological decomposition efficiency should be continued over a long period to increase the soil bioactivity in virgin soils.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.86-96
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate use possibility of pharmaceutical byproducts(process sludge) and waste water sludges as raw materials of organic compost at Fertilizer Official Regulation of Fertilizer Management Law in 2002. All pharmaceutical byproducts were satisfied the standard levels of raw material regulated in organic compost, some waste water sludges were deficient in the level. The content of n-hexane extractable material(HEM) was in byproduct higher than in waste water sludge. This was presumed that the sludge with containing a lot of organic matter was high in HEM content. Of the whole microorganism flora, bacteria was mainly detected, and yeast and filamentous fungi took up less population which was fluctuated depending on the source of sludges. Most dominated bacteria were identified into Genus of Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas syringae and Rathayibacter bathayi was classified as plant pathogenic bacteria.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 1995

Changes of microbial activity and physicochemical environment during composting of papermill sludge(PMS) in the pilot plant equipped with an agitated bed reactor were monitored for establishing the efficient composting system. Microbial activity determined as the evolution of $CO_2$ increased for the first 10 days after introduction of PMS to the reactor and decreased thereafter. Population changes of microorganisms in the reactor-PMS were not typical as in windrow system. The ratio of thermophilic bacteria to mesophilic bacteria, however, increased slowly even 23 days after introduction. Temperature of PMS increased rapidly from the first day and reached $62^{\circ}C$ at 7 days after introduction and decreased slowly thereafter. The acidity of PMS was pH 6.8 initially, increased to pH 8.0 after 7 days and decreased to pH 7.4 after 23 days. Redox potential(Eh) of PMS was -320mV at the beginning of composting, but it was increased with time to reach -15mV after 23 days composting. However, Eh of PMS pre-sterilized before measurement was average 50mV, regardless of composting periods indicating the major role of microorganisms during composting process. Water content of PMS was 67% initially and decreased to about 50% after 23 days composting in the reactor. Less than 13 days-old compost inhibited growth of radish in the container mixture with bed soil. Based on statistical analysis of microbial and physicochemical parameters of PMS during composting, an equation was developed for determining compost maturity. A number of experiments using various organic wastes are required before application of the formular to the practical use.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.97-109
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate use possibility on waste water sludges of water disposal plant as raw materials of organic compost at Fertilizer Official Regulation of Fertilizer Management Law in 2002. In heavy metal contents, some water service sludges were discovered a little over than the standard levels of raw material regulated in organic compost and most of them were not reached the levels. But they were difficult for using the raw materials of organic compost owing to shortage of the organic content. It was judged that the fiber and leather sludges were much in the heavy metal contents and they couldn't use as the raw materials of organic compost. There was afraid that a little heavy metal contents of cosmetic sludge were less than the levels, but it was possible to use selectively as a raw material.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 1996

The heavy metal concentration in mixed and separately collected household food waste, and their compost during the composting period was analysed. The mixed and separately collected food waste had Cd content of 8 mg/kg in spring and its content of 13 mg/kg in winter respectively. Its content was higher than by-product compost limit value(5 mg Cd/kg). Cd concentration in separately collected food waste in a house was higher in January, February, April and May than by-product compost limit value (5 mg Cd/kg). When Cd concentration in the initial composting material was higher than 5 mg/kg, its concentration in the compost of household food waste during the composting period was higher than by-product compost limit value, but it was not accumulated in the compost during the composting period. Fly ash was added to separately collected household food waste to adjust its moisture content for composting. Its addition had moisture conditioning and Cd concentration reducing effect in the compost. The average one month composted fresh compost from the mixed collected household food waste was matured in a pile out of doors for 7 months with turning the pile once a month and its heavy metal concentration was examined. Accumulation of the heavy metals in the compost did not occur during the composting period, because they were washed out during the rainfall.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 1999

This study was performed about composting in a batch reactor of laboratory scale using garbage waste and swine waste. Sawdust and coconut peat were materials to control optimum moisture, C/N ratio and specific gravity in the study. Comparing compost using only sawdust with compost using sawdust and coconut peat, the latter was higher at reduction rate and decomposition rate. Coconut peat was accelerated aerobic fermentation, because it had moisture holding ability, initial moisture was low, ventilation was good and control of optimum specific gravity was possible. Compost by only garbage waste was under standard of manure. but mixtures in same proportion of garbage waste and swine waste producted high quality compost. CEC value was average 63.8me/100g. The initial C/N ratio of compost was regulated effectively because of high C/N ratio of sawdust. As the C/N ratio(>40) was higher, reduction rate was higher. During the composting C/N ratio was improved more and more.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2013

Organic wastes are not disposing object but renewable resources. One of those ways of rendering to resources, composting is environmentally friendly way as to aspect of recycling of resources. Regardless of ways, composting goes through the main processes which are fermentation process and curing process. In the study, mobile composting device was developed with the experiments which were performed to solve the problems of fermentation and curing process. Since reaction vessel is rotated, it does not cease in the middle of agitation because of foreign. In addition, it mixed as well. With maintaining uniform temperature of reaction vessel by controlling amount of air, fermentation and curing are easy to use. Its economic feasibility is better than the existing fermentation equipments. Furthermore, it benefits to reduce the personnel and materiel maintenance cost, and mass produce composting product which use organic waste. Especially, although it needs less space, it has effect to provide transferable composting device with available area to increase by contacting organic waste to air.