• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.147
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• pp.261-281
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• 2018

This paper will cover recent discussions on the risks of human being due to the development of artificial intelligence(AI). We will consider AI research as artificial narrow intelligence(ANI), artificial general intelligence(AGI), and artificial super intelligence(ASI). First, we examine the risks of ANI, or weak AI systems. To maximize efficiency, humans will use autonomous AI extensively. At this time, we can predict the risks that can arise by transferring a great deal of authority to autonomous AI and AI's judging and acting without human intervention. Even a sophisticated system, human-made artificial intelligence systems are incomplete, and virus infections or bugs can cause errors. So I think there should be a limit to what I entrust to artificial intelligence. Typically, we do not believe that lethal autonomous weapons systems should be allowed. Strong AI researchers are optimistic about the emergence of artificial general intelligence(AGI) and artificial superintelligence(ASI). Superintelligence is an AI system that surpasses human ability in all respects, so it may act against human interests or harm human beings. So the problem of controlling superintelligence, i.e. control problem is being seriously considered. In this paper, we have outlined how to control superintelligence based on the proposed control schemes. If superintelligence emerges, it is judged that there is no way for humans to completely control superintelligence at this time. But the emergence of superintelligence may be a fictitious assumption. Even in this case, research on control problems is of practical value in setting the direction of future AI research.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.59-64
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• 1997

화학관련분야의 공정안전에 관하여 오랜 역사를 가진 AIChE는 관련산업분야의 안전규정을 예방적인 측면과 사고원인을 규명하기 위한 측면에서 근원적인 자료를 제시하였고 1955년 AIChE에 의해 설립된 CCPS(center for chemical process safety)는 이에 관한 기술적인 면에 더욱 발달된 정보를 제공하게 되었다. 이런 정보들 가운데 사업장의 위험물질이 지니고 있는 위험성을 어떻게 평가할 것인가에 관하여 CPQRA(chemical process quantitative risk analysis)방법이 제시되어 있다. 1) CPQRA는 양적인 의미에서 위험성의 정의, 분석, 평가, 통제 및 관리방법 등에 대비해 잠재적인 방법을 제시한 것이다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.17.2-25
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• 2000

국내에서 아웃소싱은 선진국들과 다르게 비용절감을 목적으로 도입되고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 아웃소싱을 하는 기업들 중에는 서비스 인력을 충분히 내부화 할 수 있음에도 불구하고 단순히 관리상의 편의를 위해 아웃소싱을 하는 기업들도 적지 않다. 그리고 실제 기업에서 아웃소싱을 할 경우 기대치에 미치지 못하는 위험성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 선행연구에서 여러 학자들의 견해를 정리해서 아웃소싱의 성공에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인인 기술적 위험과 통제적 위험, 비용적 위험과 업무 유연성, 신뢰성, 시스템 확장성, 우수한 정보기술, 전문화된 인력으로 분류하여 연구모형과 가설을 설정하고 향후 실증연구 분석을 위한 토대를 마련하고자 한다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.365-374
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• 2008

Using flight simulator tasks with 48 air force cadets, this research examined the effects of pilots' flight skill and self-esteem on risk-taking behavior in the context of social comparison with their cohorts. Flight skill and self-esteem were assessed for individual cadets and three conditions of social comparison (upward-, downward-, and no-comparison) were devised. Flight simulator situations inappropriate for further approach or landing were designed to assess pilots' risk-taking behavior. Weather conditions in the simulator were inadequate to make a landing and the recommended strategy was to break off the approach and attempt a go-around. In this experiment, pilots' risk taking was measured in terms of their approach altitudes; the lower approach altitudes indicative of the higher risk-taking. Our results showed interaction effects of flight skill, self-esteem, and social comparison on risk-taking behaviors. For pilots who were either high or low in both self-esteem and flight skill, social comparison had no effect on risk-taking behavior. However, pilots with high self-esteem but low flight skill showed more risk-taking behaviors in social comparison conditions. And, pilots with low self-esteem but high flight skill showed risk-aversive behaviors in the downward-comparison condition.

• Life and Agrochemicals
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• s.255
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• pp.24-27
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• 2010

'지속가능화학'에서는 사회 구성원이 심리적이고 주관적으로 느끼게 되는 '위험성 인식'(risk perception)이 주요하다. 위험 인식은 단순한 기술적 평가가 아니라 개인의 심리적 요소와 함께 자신이 화학물질의 영향을 어느 정도까지 통제할 수 있는가의 정도에 따라서 달라질 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.307-313
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• 2018

In this study, analyzed the effect of the introduction and operation of internal control system of a company on accounting information usefulness in a rapidly changing business environment. In order to conduct this study, we studied a comprehensive analysis on the usefulness of internal control and accounting information, and applied the research model to the purpose of this study. In this study, we analyzed the degree of the relationship between variables based on the discretionary accruals of the modified Jones model using the internal control evaluation index based on the components of the internal control system for China. In the empirical analysis, analyzed that the operation of internal control has a negative influence on discretionary accruals, which is a substitute for usability of accounting information. In addition, the risk management factors of the internal control system have a negative correlation with the usefulness of accounting information. The results of this study suggest that it is possible to present the positive function of internal control system to many firms where the introduction and operation of internal control is important, and to provide useful guidance in the study of the relationship between the operation of internal control and discretionary accruals for foreign company.

• The Safety technology
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• no.78
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• pp.92-107
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• 2004

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.51-68
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• 2001

This study integrates personality trait theory to empirically Investigate the corporate strategy in Korean venture firms. This study predicts that type A/B, locus of control(internal/external), and risk-taking/avoiding will be positively associated with corporate strategy selection. Corporate strategy selection consists of aggressive entry strategy and defensive niche market strategy. Data obtained from a survey of 87 venture business firms is used to construct final variable measures and test the hypothesized relationships. The statistical result shows that type A, internal, and risk-taking CEOs positively associated with aggressive entry strategy, and type B, external, and risk-avoiding CEOs positively associated with defensive niche market strategy. Additional analysis(multiple regression model) to test relatively importance of independents is used.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2014

NIR(New Inspection Regime, hereinafter NIR) relating to the PSC(Port State Contorl, hereinafter PSC) has implemented in Asia-Pacific region under Tokyo-MOU from last January 2014. The most noticable difference between NIR and existing TF(Target Factor, hereinafter TF) is to evaluate company performance and to conduct PSC with flexible inspection interval on the basis of Ship Risk Profile; High Risk Ship, Standard Risk Ship and Low Risk Ship. Particularly deficiencies related to ISM Code, more than 5 deficiencies and detention record have a serious effect on the evaluation of Ship Risk Profile. Therefore ship and company are requested to ensure proper implementation of Safety Management System for the changed PSC tendency. Also RO(Recognized Organization, hereinafter RO) and Administration respectively should take suitable actions different to previous measures, such as implementation of cooperation and support system between vessel and company, changing subject and object for avoiding Mannerism in SMS audit, strengthening supervision on RO by Administration and establishment of private-public Partnership network.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.489-503
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• 2003

잘못되거나 불확실한 결과가 예상되는 프로젝트를 계속 지속하는 행위는 어떠한 분야의 프로젝트에서도 발견 할 수 있는 보편적인 현상이다. 그러나 소프트웨어 개발 분야는 그러한 어떠한 분야보다도 이 문제에 더 민감하며 그 파급효과 또한 크다. 그 이유는 소프트웨어 그 자체가 형태를 가지고 있지 않아 프로젝트 진행 도중에는 그 완성도를 예측하기가 무척 어렵기 때문이다. 또한 소프트웨어는 프로젝트범위가 자주 변동되기 때문에 통제와 관리에 어려움이 많다. 이런 이유로 소프트웨어 개발 생명주기의 각 단계에서 발생하는 위험 요소들을 찾아 그 위험 요소들이 발생했을 때 프로젝트에 미치는 영향정도 파악하여 그 해당위험 요소에 대응하는 방안들을 모색하는 것이 피해를 줄이기 위해 가장 최선의 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 위에서 거론된 소프트웨어 위험 관리에 대한 관련 문헌을 조사, 검토하고 설문을 통해 조사한 실무자들의 경험을 바탕으로 위험에 대한 인식과 대응 반응을 파악하고 연구하고자 한다. 소프트웨어 프로젝트 계획 단계에서 위험 요소가 추후 발생할 것을 예측하여 실제로 위험 요소가 발현했을 때, 적극적으로 대처 할 수 있는 방법을 찾아 해당 위험이 주는 영향을 최소화 할 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 한다.