• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2011

Many countries of the world, including IMO, has noticed that foreign marine hazardous organisms, which were introduced by ballast water, have disturbed the marine ecosystem of its own nation, and posed a serious threat to human health and the value of environment and economy. Therefore, IMO has tried to manage the introduced species by assessing the risk of ballast water, and suggested three risk assessment methods, such as environmental matching risk assessment, speciesbiogeographical risk assessment, and species-specific risk assessment. In this thesis, species-specific risk assessment method was considered, and a risk assessment program established by applying it was described.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.704-711
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• 2015

In this study, we have conducted a survey of AHP technique through the ocean experts to derive new items and revise assessment items and indices for risk of sunken ships based on the survey results. As a result of the survey, two new items such as accident cause and tidal current are derived. And it shows that existing items such as toxic liquid substance, remaining oil and explosive gas which were evaluated as one group are desirable to be evaluated respectively. Accordingly, we analyze the indices of the new eleven assessment items adjusted from the existing seven assessment items. As a result, the indices are ordered by toxic liquid substance, possibility of leaking, explosive gas, carrying capacity of fuel oil, sensitivity of sea environment, marine traffic environment, cause of accident, tidal current, keel clearance, ship type, and ship size. Especially, as compared with the indices of existing assessment items, the indices of sensitivity of sea environment and possibility of leaking are higher and the index of keel clearance is lower.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4B
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• pp.261-266
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• 2012

In this study, soil environmental impact assessment using risk-based approach was compared with that using concentration-based approach. For this, heavy metal contaminant exposure was characterized in an abandoned mine area. According to the estimated carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, soil ingestion was identified as the most dominant exposure pathway. When contaminant concentrations exceeded the Korean Soil Contamination Warning Standards, their corresponding risk values also exceeded the Total Soil Risk Standard. Even the cases of satisfying the Korean Soil Contamination Warning Standards mostly showed higher risk levels than the Total Soil Risk Standard, re-confirming a more sensitivity of the risk-based assessment than concentration-based assessment. However, the in-depth analysis of the estimated non-carcinogenic risk values revealed a few cases for soil contact pathway showing contaminant concentrations higher than the Korean Soil Contamination Warning Standards although their non-carcinogenic risk values satisfied the level of Hazard Index Standard. The findings from this study support a necessity of shifting policy paradigm from concentration-based approach into risk-based approach for reliable risk assessment in abandoned mine areas, and also suggest a necessity of further fundamental studies regarding risk factors and standards.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.45-47
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.122-129
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• 1997

Spills or leaks of hazardous organic. compounds from underground storage tanks (USTs) are common contaminant sources of soil and groundwater. It would aid in managing USTs to assess and rank the potential environmental hazard posed by the USTs. Therefore, a preliminary hazard ranking system of USTs is developed in this study. The system is combined with GIS and consists of five steps: 1) selection of significant factors, 2) determination of the hierarchy of the factors. 3) determination of the weights, 4) calculation of the potential hazard, and 5) hazard assessment. The system is applied to the gas stations in Kwanak-gu, Seoul. The results indicate that the gas stations can be categorized in three groups as highly hazardous, less highly hazardous, and weakly hazardous. Seven gas stations belong to the highly hazardous group. Through the sensitivity analysis, four stations appear to possess high hazard potentials regardless of weights assigned to the factors. It appears that a user can make flexible application of the hazard ranking system with the user's experience and particular purposes. However, the system still needs validations against field survey data.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 1997.12a
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• pp.91-99
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• 1997

과거에는 환경오염에 의한 피해의 유무, 즉 인과관계를 규명하는 것이 일차적인 관심 대상이었다. 그러나 구체적이고 정량적인 정보를 요구하는 현대사회에서는 오염피해의 정도와 심각성을 평가하여 주민에게 알려 주어야 하며, 어느 정도의 오염수준을 우리사회에서 받아들일 수 있는가의 판단이 매우 중요한 문제로 떠오르게 되었다. 또한 복잡다기화 되어가고 있는 사회 현상속에서 이해관계와 불확실성으로 얽혀 있는 환경문제를 풀어나가기 위해서는 과학적이고 합리적인 방법론이 요구되고 있다. 이를 위해 제시될 수 있는 방법론이 위해성 평가(decision-making) 수단이나 연구의 한 분야로 지난 30여년 동안 비교적 빠르게 발전되어져 왔다. 우리나라의 경우도 이미 위해성 평가에 대한 연구가 계속 발전중에 있으며, 특히 수계에서 검출 가능하고 잠재적인 위해성을 지니는 수질오염물질에 대한 전반적인 위해성을 평가하여 우리나라 수질관리정책에 유용한 기초자료들을 지시한 바 있다. 본문에서는 수질중 chloroform을 대상으로 확률분포를 이용한 위해성 평가 방법론과 대기중 benzene을 대상으로 노출 허용량(margine of exposure) 접근법을 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.286-297
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• 2020

This research studied human health risk assessment of PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in road dust sediments collected from 6 sites in four different cities in Korea. PAHs are well known to be human carcinogens and toxic compounds that are commonly generated from incomplete combustion of fuels and energy products. Such compounds which is absorbed by atmospheric suspended dust can be emitted into air in gaseous form and often deposited on road dust sediments. The PAHs which is deposited on sediment particles can also be re-dispersed by vehicles or winds on the road surface. It can be harmful for humans when exposed via breathing, ingestion and dermal contact. This study examined human health risk assessment of PAHs in deposited road dust sediments. Results showed that the excess cancer risk estimates were above 1.0×10-6 at main traffic roads and resident area in Ulsan city. According to the result of deterministic risk assessment, dermal-contact was the major pathway, while the contribution of the risk from inhalation was less than 1%. The probabilistic risk assessment showed similar levels of cancer risk derived from the deterministic risk assessment. The result of sensitivity analysis reveal that exposure time is the most contributing factor (69%). Since the values of carcinogenic risk assessment were higher than 1.0 × 10^-6, further detailed monitoring and refined risk assessment for PAHs may be required to identify more reliable and potential cancer risks for those who live in the study locations in Ulsan city.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.57-62
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• 2010

본 연구는 자유수면형 인공습지에서의 시기적인 중금속 제거율의 변동을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 대상 인공습지의 유입수는 하수처리수가 포함된 하천수이다. 인공습지에는 갈대 (Phragmites australis)와 부들 (Typha latifolia)이 주로 분포하며, 이들 두 종은 습지의 95 % 이상을 차지하는 우점종이다. 2009년 5월부터 9월까지 습지의 유입과 유출부분에서 유입수와 유출수를 시료 채취하였다. 채취된 시료는 ICP-AES 방법을 이용하여 6가지 중금속을 분석하였으며, 위해성 평가를 이용하여 카드뮴 (Cd), 크롬 ($Cr^{+6}$), 비소 (As), 납 (Pb), 니켈 (Ni), 구리 (Cu)의 분석 결과를 평가하였다. 위해성평가는 농부와 레크리에이션에 대한 두가지 시나리오를 바탕으로 이루어졌다. 연평균 중금속 제거율은 계절적인 변화 측면에서 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 위해성 평가 결과 시료가 채취된 부분 및 계절적인 변화 대부분에서 US EPA의 기준인 $10^{-4}$를 초과하지 않는 수준으로 허용가능한 수준이었다. 하지만, 봄철 농부에 대한 위해성평가 결과 위해도가 $10^{-4}$ 수준이며, $10^{-6}-10^{-8}$ 수준은 질병의 이동이 우려되는 수준 (US EPA)임을 감안하여, 인공습지에 중금속 농도 저감 시설의 설치를 고려해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 위해성 평가를 가상의 시나리오에 적용하여 평가를 시도함으로서, 수치적인 자료로 제시할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 중금속의 정량적인 평가를 수행할 수 있었다. 따라서 위해성 평가는 인공습지의 안전성에 대하여 대중과 소통할 수 있는 도구로서 이용할 수 있으며, 인공습지의 효율적인 운영 및 현장 적용에 있어서 스크리닝 도구로서의 역할이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.59-64
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• 2019

This study suggests a conceptual strategy and methodology for the risk assessment of the domestic abandoned mine fillers with fly ash. The fillers are composed of coal fly ash and solidification materials, and contain little toxic substances such as carbonates but also some heavy metals; therefore, those requires a risk assessment. The risk assessment should primarily focus on estimation of the effects to human health both on carcinogen and non-carcinogen aspects. The significant data such as toxicity and partition coefficients can be obtained from the national soil or mine environmental risk assessment guidelines. Accurate risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in the fillers may consume lots of time and efforts through site survey and instrumental analyses, etc. Moreover, it is inefficient to explore all of the factors as concentrations and categories in every heavy metal in the fillers, due to a high variety and complexity. Therefore, implementation of a preliminary risk assessment is suggested by using the literature data and the basic characteristics of the filler samples prior to the detailed risk assessment. Certainly, this presumes a thorough understanding of reliable sample analysis methods, exposure pathways, and relevant physicochemical and biological mechanisms.