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A Strategy for the Risk Assessment of Abandoned Mine Filler Materials

비산재가 포함된 폐광산 채움재의 위해성 평가 전략

  • Ji, Sangwoo (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Mineral Resources Division) ;
  • Jo, Hwanju (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Mineral Resources Division) ;
  • Shin, Hee-young (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Mineral Resources Division) ;
  • Lee, Sang-hun (Dept. of Environmental Science, Keimyung University) ;
  • Ahn, Ji-Whan (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Mineral Resources Division)
  • 지상우 (한국지질자원연구원 광물자원연구본부) ;
  • 조환주 (한국지질자원연구원 광물자원연구본부) ;
  • 신희영 (한국지질자원연구원 광물자원연구본부) ;
  • 이상훈 (계명대학교 환경학부 환경과학전공) ;
  • 안지환 (한국지질자원연구원 광물자원연구본부)
  • Received : 2019.07.16
  • Accepted : 2019.08.19
  • Published : 2019.08.30

Abstract

This study suggests a conceptual strategy and methodology for the risk assessment of the domestic abandoned mine fillers with fly ash. The fillers are composed of coal fly ash and solidification materials, and contain little toxic substances such as carbonates but also some heavy metals; therefore, those requires a risk assessment. The risk assessment should primarily focus on estimation of the effects to human health both on carcinogen and non-carcinogen aspects. The significant data such as toxicity and partition coefficients can be obtained from the national soil or mine environmental risk assessment guidelines. Accurate risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in the fillers may consume lots of time and efforts through site survey and instrumental analyses, etc. Moreover, it is inefficient to explore all of the factors as concentrations and categories in every heavy metal in the fillers, due to a high variety and complexity. Therefore, implementation of a preliminary risk assessment is suggested by using the literature data and the basic characteristics of the filler samples prior to the detailed risk assessment. Certainly, this presumes a thorough understanding of reliable sample analysis methods, exposure pathways, and relevant physicochemical and biological mechanisms.

본 연구에서는 국내 폐광산에 이용될 채움재의 위해성 평가작업을 위한 전략과 방법론을 개념적 측면에서 제시하였다. 채움재는 석탄발전소 비산재와 고형재로 구성되어 있으며 탄산염 등 위해도가 적은 물질이 대부분을 차지하지만 일부 중금속 성분이 포함되어 있어서 이에 대한 위해성 평가가 요구된다. 위해성 평가는 주로 인체내 발암 및 비발암성 유발 가능성을 정량화하는 것이 목적이며, 본 연구의 경우 국내/외 토양 및 광해 위해성평가 기법을 참조 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이 때 독성이나 분배계수 등 항목별 주요 은 인자 값은 국내 토양위해성평가 가이드라인에서 제시하는 수치를 주로 이용할 수 있다. 오염도에 대한 정확한 위해 성평가는 현장답사와 실측 등을 통한 노력과 시간이 요구된다. 또한 채움재내 중금속 성분 및 농도가 매우 다양하고 반응이 복잡하여 이를 전부 상세하게 평가한다는 것은 비효율적이다. 따라서, 효과적인 위해성 평가를 위하여 일단 문헌 자료와 채움재 시료특성분석결과를 이용한 예비위해성평가를 먼저 실시하고, 그 이후 상세 위해성 평가에서 예비위해성평가에서 선정된 유의 사항을 중점적으로 다뤄야 할 것으로 생각된다. 이를 위해서는 신뢰성 있는 시료분석기법과 노출경로 및 관련 메커니즘에 대한 충분한 이해가 선행되어야 한다.

Keywords

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