• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.365-371
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• 2021

With the rapid growth in Internet users, web applications are becoming the main target of hackers. Most previous WAFs (Web Application Firewalls) target every single HTTP request packet rather than the overall behavior of the attacker, and are known to be difficult to detect new types of attacks. In this paper, we propose a web attack detection system based on user behavior using machine learning to detect attacks of unknown patterns. In order to define user behavior, we focus on features excluding areas where an attacker can camouflage as a normal user. The experimental results shows that by using the path and query information to define users' behaviors, best results for an accuracy of 99% with Decision forest.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.8-21
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• 2023

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) drugs are often co-prescribed with other medications to prevent GI complications. This study aimed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of potentially unnecessary GI drugs in patients with acute cystitis who were prescribed oral antibiotics and investigate the influencing factors affecting this. Methods: We identified female patients ≥20 years with acute cystitis who visited the outpatient clinic and were prescribed oral antibiotics between July and December by analyzing Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA)-National Patients Sample (NPS)-2019 data. Patients with no prior history of GI disorders within 180 days prior to acute cystitis, excluding or including the date of diagnosis of acute cystitis, were selected (Group A and B). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the factors affecting the prescription of potentially unnecessary GI drugs. Results: A total of 1,544 in Group A and 552 patients in Group B were included for the final analysis. Potentially unnecessary GI drugs were prescribed in 1,176 patients in Group A (76.2%) and 231 patients in Group B (41.8%). Third generation cephalosporines and sulfonamides showed the lower odds ratio for prescribing GI drugs than penicillins. Prescribers from Urology clinics showed more than twice odds ratio for the prescription of GI drugs compared to prescribers from internal medicine clinics. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that potentially unnecessary GI drug prescriptions for patients with acute cystitis were high in South Korea. The positive risk factors affecting the prescription of unnecessary GIs were not patient-related factor but healthcare facility and prescriber-related factors.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 1998

Piroxicam-$\beta$-cyclodextrin은 piroxicam을 $\beta$-cyclodextrin으로 포접시킨 비스테로이드성 항염증약물이다. 이러한 포접형 약물은 위장관에서의 흡수속도가 증가하는 것으로 외국자료에서 보고되고 있으며 이는 이 약물의 위장관 내성에 보다 나은 영향을 끼칠 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 본 연구는 정상성인 한국인을 대상으로 randomized, crossover design에 의해 piroxicam-$\beta-cyclodextrin(Brexin^{(R)})$과 piroxicam 확산정$(Feldene^{(R)})$ 흡수속도를 비교하고자 하였다. 건강한 성인 8명의 피험자를 2군으로 나누어 시험약 또는 대조약을 각각 20 mg씩 20일의 휴약 기간을 두고 이중 맹검으로 교차 투여하였다. 시험약 또는 대조약의 투여 후 24시간 동안 일정 간격으로 채혈하여 HPLC 방법으로 혈장 내 piroxicam 농도를 측정하였다. $AUC_{0-24}\;({\mu}g/mL)$는 piroxicam-$\beta$-cyclodextrin군에서 $56.1\pm4.9$, piroxicam군에서 $57.3\pm5.6$으로 통계적인 유의성이 없었으나, 투여 후 0.5시간에서의 혈중농도는 piroxicam-$\beta$-cyclodextrin군 $2.9\pm0.4\;{\mu}g/mL$, piroxicam군 $1.6\pm0.3\;{\mu}g/mL$으로 통계적인 유의성을 보였다(p<0.05). 또한 최고혈중농도는 piroxicam-$\beta$-cyclodextrin$(4.3\pm0.5\;{\mu} g/mL)\;piroxicam(3.5\pm0.3\l{\mu}g/mL)$,으로 유의성이 있었으며(p<0.05), 흡수 속도상수는 piroxicam-$\beta$-cyclodextrin$(3.00\pm0.49\;h^{-1}), \;piroxicam(1.80\pm0.21\;h^{-1})$이었다(p<0.1). 이상의 결과에서, piroxicam-$\beta$-cyclodextrin정은 piroxicam 확산정과 비교하여 흡수되는 정도는 서로 비슷하지만 흡수 초기의 혈장농도 및 흡수속도상수에서 보다 빠른 약동학적 특성을 나타내었다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.140-144
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• 2000

Reofecoxib는 용량 의존적으로 cyclo-oxygenase-2를 선택적으로 억제한다. 골관절염 환자를 대상으로 하여 이중맹검, 무작위, Western Ontario and McMasters Universi-ties Osteoarthritis Index를 이용하여 평가한 결과, rofecoxib 12.5, 25 mg는 신체적 기능을 크게 향상시키는 것으로 보여졌다. 또한 diclofenac (50 mg, 1일 3회), ibuprofen (800 mg, 1일 3회), nabumetone(1500 mg, 1일 1회)와 유사한 임상효과를 나타내었다. Rofecoxib는 원발성 월경곤란증과 수술 후 치통에 효과적으로 억제하였으며 naproxen sodium과 ibuprofen과 같은 진통 효과를 보였다. Rofecoxib는 안전성 면에서 우수하며 가장 흔한 부작용은 설사, 두통, 오심과 상기도 감염증이다. Rofecoxib 12.5, 25, 50 mg/day를 투여한 골관절염 환자에게서 위장관계 부작용(천공, 궤양, 출혈)은 ibuprofen, diclofenac, nabumetone을 투여한 환자보다 훨씬 낮은 발생빈도를 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.140-140
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• 2003

호박(Cucurbita moschta DUCH)은 한국인들이 즐겨먹는 식용자원으로서 독특한 향미와 약리작용을 갖고 있다. 또한 기후 환경에 대한 적응력이 높고 병해충에도 비교적 강하여 농약사용이 적은 무공해 식품으로 알려져 있다. 호박의 과육에는 혈전증 예방과 두뇌발달에 기여하는 $\alpha$-linoleic acid가 다량 함유되어 있고, 비타민 A의 전구체인 $\beta$-carotene이 풍부하며, 위장이 약한 사람, 회복기의 환자, 부기가 있는 산모에게 좋은 식품으로 애용되어 왔다. 또한 예로부터 호박씨는 독성이 없으므로 어린이, 임산부, 허약자의 조충, 구제약으로 또는 젖이 잘 나지 않을 때에도 많이 쓰여왔다. 그리고 호박꽃은 잎과 함께 식용으로 널리 이용되었을 뿐 아니라 벌레에 물렸거나 상처 난 곳에 으깨어 문지르면 효과가 있어 민간요법으로 사용되어 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라 전역에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 호박꽃의 생리활성능을 검색해 봄으로써 천연기능성 식품 소재로의 활용가능성을 제시해 보고자 하였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2010

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is bacterial infection, with more than half of the world population infected and oral cavity is considered second reservoir of H. pylori infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate role of oral cavity in H. pylori infection by comparison of the mode H. pylori infection in oral cavity and stomach. We recruited 100 subjects without systemic disease including gastrointestinal disease. Samples in oral cavity taken on gingival sulcus fluid(GSF) of lower left central incisor and 1st molar, area of buccal mucosa, dorsum of the tongue, palatal and saliva. We analyzed by Nested polymerase chain reaction(PCR) for oral infection and Urea Breath Test(UBT) for gastric infection. The results were as follows : 1. Among these 100 subjects, 36(36%) were positive by Nested PCR and 33(33%) were positive by UBT(p>0.05). 2. In detection rate of H. pylori in sites taken sample, 11(11%), 8(8%), 9(9%), 3(3%), 9(9%), 7(7%) were positive on GSF of lower left central incisor and 1st molar, area of buccal mucosa, dorsum of the tongue, palatal and saliva, respectively. Statical significance was observed in samples of GSF of lower left central incisor and area of dorsum of the tongue(p<0.05). 3. In comparison of the mode of H. pylori infection in oral cavity and stomach by analytic method, positive in oral cavity and stomach was 10(10%), negative in oral cavity and positive in stomach was 23(23%), positive in oral cavity and negative in stomach was 26(26%) and negative in oral cavity and stomach was 41(41%)(p>0.05). Conclusively, we can guess that oral H. pylori is not associated with gastric H. pylori infection and normal flora.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.914-916
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• 2002

Actinomycosis of the lung is a chronic, suppurative granulomatous infection which is caused by Actinomyces israelii. It is believed to enter the thorax by way of the bronchial tree, by aspiration of contaminated aerosol particles in the upper digestive tract. Symptoms of chronic cough, sputum, hemoptysis, low grade fever, chest pain, and weight loss are common. Chest X-ray shows mass like lesion, pulmonary infiltration, abscess, and tuberculosis like lesion, which makes differential diagnosis from lung cancer very difficult. Surgical intervention is needed for the diagnosis and treatment, and diagnosis of actinomycosis is achieved when histologic examination reveals sulfur granules containing filamentous organisms. Penicillin is the drug of choice. Two or three months of penicillin treatment is recommended to treat the oropharyngeal or dental abscess to avoid recurrences. We present a case of actinomycosis which is suspected to malignant with review of literatures.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2010

The increasing regular medical check up rate for early diagnosis in disease has increasing sleep endoscopy rate because of reduction with discomfort. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of recovery bed as increasing sleep endoscopy rate using check up time, waiting time & recovery time at a general hospital in Seoul. This study was analyzed using ARENA 10.0 program. At present and as increasing of sleep endoscopy rate 10%, 20% was increased recovery time, waiting time & the rate of bed inflection. So at present, the number of recovery bed has to increase for client's safety and as increasing of sleep endoscopy rate 10%, 20% has to increase 3 and then waiting time decreased in 2 minutes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.523-529
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• 1992

The GEP endocrine cells of the African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis, were studied immunohistochemically. Five kinds of the endocrine cells were identified in this study A moderated number of 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the gastro intestinal tract, being almost uniform frequency. Gas/CCK -immunoreactive cells were restricted to the basal portion of the pyloric gland and among the duodenal mucosa. A rare glucagon-immunoreactive cells were weakly reacted in the fundic region of the stomach and observed in the exocrine portions of the pancreas. Somatostatine-immunoreactive cells were distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract with except for the rectum, and not only the periphery of the islets but also the exocrine portions in the pancreas. No CGs- and insulin-immunoreactive cells were found in the gastrointestinal tract, whereas in the pancreas, the later was seen in the central region of the islets and the exocrine portions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.5 s.72
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• pp.707-714
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• 2005

The conventional histochemical staining were used to study mucosubstances properties of intestinal striated border and goblet cells in four teleostean species, i. e., Sebastes schlegeli, Halichoeres poecilopterus, Bryzoichthys lysimus, and Takifugu pardalis. The following methods were used; PAS, AB pH 2.5, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 2.5-PAS, AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 and HID-AB pH 2.5 stains. The mucosubstances of striated border in the proximal intestine and rectum of Sebastes schlegeli contained with neutral mucin, middle and distal intestine contained with neutral mucin and acid mucin. The striated border of all the intestines of Halichoeres poecilopterus contained with neutral mucin and acid mucin, and those of Bryzoichthys lysimus and Tnkifugu pardalis contained with neutral mucin only. The amounts of neutral mucin were moderate to considerable in Sebastes schlegeli and Halichoeres poecilopterus, minimal to small in Bryzoichthys lysimus and Tnkifugu pardalis. The amounts and properties in mucosubstances of intestinal goblet cells showed differences in species and regions. The intestinal goblet cells of Bryzoichthys lysimus, and Tnkifugu pardalis contained neutral mucin only while Sehastes schlegeli and Halichoeres poecilopterus contained mixture of neutral mucin, sulfomucin and sialomucin. The amounts of neutral mucin were considerable to large in distal intestine and rectum of Tnkifugu pardalis, while moderate to considerable in all intestines of Sehastes schlegeli, all the intestines except for middle intestine of Bryzoichthys lysimus, and proximal and middle intestine of Tnkifugu pardalis. Also it was minimal to small in middle intestine of Halichoeres poecilopterus. The intestinal goblet cells of Sehastes schlegeli contained mixture of minimal amounts of strong sulfmucin, weak sulfomucin and minimal to small amounts of sialomucin, and those of Halichoeres poecilopterus except for rectum contained mixture of minimal to small amounts of strong sulfomucin and sialomucin.