• Title/Summary/Keyword: 월남

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Plasma Serotonin Level of Vietnam War Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Symptom Severity (혈장 세로토닌과 외상후 스트레스 장애 : 월남전 참전 재향군인을 대상으로)

  • Lee, Soo-Young;Kang, Suk-Hoon;Chung, Moon-Yong;Lee, Myung-Hee;Kim, Tae-Young;So, Hyung-Seok;Chung, Hae-Kyung;Choi, Jin-Hee
    • Anxiety and mood
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.14-20
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    • 2009
  • Objective : The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma serotonin concentration and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in chronic PTSD patients who have been taking medication. Methods : Plasma serotonin level of 14 PTSD patients and a control group of 28 Vietnam War veterans was measured by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). The Combat Exposure Scale (CES), Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (M-PTSD), Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and Hamiltion Anxiety Scale (HAS) were used to evaluate PTSD symptom severity. Results : Serotonin level was significantly higher in the PTSD group than in the control group (p=0.036, p=0.006, respectively). M-PTSD (p<0.001), CAPS (p<0.001), HRSD (p<0.001), and HAS (p<0.001) scale scores were significantly higher in the PTSD group than in the control group; however, the CES score failed to show a significant improvement (p=0.964). There were no significant differences between plasma serotonin and PTSD symptoms. Conclusion : In chronic PTSD patients who have been taking medications, we can not predict treatment effect and symptom severity by measuring only plasma serotonin levels. PTSD is a complicated disorder which may likely be related to a variety of neurotransmitter systems. Therefore, further research which investigate relationships with norepinephrine, dopamine, and other neurotransmitters as well as serotonin is needed to improve the treatment of PTSD.

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The Engineering Services on the Go Cong Water Control Project in Vietnam (월남국 고콩지구 수리 개발 기본 조사)

  • 조용칠
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.2471-2478
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    • 1971
  • Go Cong Water Control Project was conducted on its preliminary survey and design by Agricultural development Corporation for the Korean Government, an Executing Agency, and Directorate of Irrigation and Rural Engineering of the Ministry of Land Reform, Agriculture and Fishery Development for the Vietnamese Government, a cooperation Agency, under Korean and Vietnamese Economic and Technical Cooperation Program. The main purposes of the project are aimed at the improvements of irrigation and drainage, and salt water prevention of the Go Cong area located at northern part of the Mekong Delta. All the works from field survey through design to preparing reports were carried out by ADC alone and recently Korean Government submitted the relevant reports to vietnamese Government through official channel. The contents of the project are summarized as following: 1. The project comprises irrigation, drainage and salt water prevention facilities on the benefited area of about 55,000 hectares, covering Go Cong and Dinh Tuong(My Tho) Provinces and it will be possible to cultivate rice cropping twice a year, irrigating all the area in the dry season; 2. With completion of this project, annual production of rough rice and vegetables are anticipated to increase by 222,600 .T. and 142,600 M.T. respectively and the internal rateof return stants at 26 per cent, applying for the exchange rate of US $ 1 to VN $ 275. 3. Total investments required for the project are estimated at US $ 56,394,000 of which actual construction cost is estimated at US $ 39,183,000. The project has planned to be d to be developed by four stages, taking bout 7 years. 4. The project needs for three places of pumping plants. 57Km of feed and main irrigation canals, 81Km of drainage channels, 97Km of dike, 23 places of sluices and navigation locks, etc.

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A Study on the Characteristics of the New Generation of Soldiers and the Ways to Cultivate the Leadership of Marine Corps Officers (신세대 장병의 특성과 해병대 간부들의 리더십 배양 방안에 관한 연구)

  • Kim Ho Chun
    • Convergence Security Journal
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.149-158
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    • 2022
  • R.o.K Marine Corps was established on April 15, 1949 at Deoksan Air Base in Jinhae. When they fought in the Korean War and the Vietnam War, they were sure to win, so they were loved and trusted by the people. Strong combat power is only possible when an advanced barracks culture is established. Today's new generation of soldiers have strong characteristics ; self-centered and individualistic. R.o.K Marine Corps officers must understand the characteristics of the new generation of soldiers and strive to develop creative leadership in order to make them utilize their characteristics. In addition, as cutting-edge science and technology develops along with the 4th industrial revolution, R.o.K Marine Corps officers should work hard to acquire professional tactical knowledge and self-development. Therefore, Marine Corps officers should do their best to understand the characteristics of the new generation of soldiers and demonstrate leadership to become a strong force trusted by the people.

A Study of Korean Scientific Community's Groping for Scientific Ideology in the Period of Liberation, 1945-53 (해방 공간과 과학자 사회의 이념적 모색)

  • Kim Dong-Kwang
    • Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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    • v.6 no.1 s.11
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    • pp.89-118
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    • 2006
  • The formation of early korean scientific community is a dynamic process of korean modern history in which colonialization, liberation, United States Army Military Government and Korean War is included. Particularly, scientist's crossing over the border into north korea and south korea have profound effect on the early stage of our scientific community. This period is so important to understand the nature of korean scientific community that we need to re-interpret the role of 'ideology' in the development of scientific community. On the other hand, war is a important element in our formation of the image of the science. This study purported to interpret the problem of political ideology, it's role in the formation of early scientific society, it's implication on our idea of science positively. Also the study is a an attempt to re-construct the scientist's struggle(1945-1950) to demarcate new science from old, colonial science.

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A Study for the Optimal Development Strategy of Air Cargo in Size and AHP Survey Analysis of Each Potential Decision-Making Group (한국형 전술수송기의 적정 개발 규모와 의사결정 영향집단별 AHP조사 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Byung-Ho;Kim, Ik-Ki
    • Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.31-40
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    • 2008
  • The aircraft manufacturing industry is a profitable business and has the potential to be an important export business. Our trade deficit needs to be improved in aircraft manufacturing part. Our national aircraft industry, which has been recognized for its quality in many domestic and international Air Shows, has developed the T/A-50 aircraft from the origins of the KT-1. With the ongoing development of the next generation fighter planes and helicopters, business for the next generation domestic air cargo has bright prospects. Judging by the history of the overseas air force dispatch during the Vietnam, Gulf, and Iraqi wars whose main mission was air transportation, there will be many opportunities to show the excellence of Korean air cargo in the future. The purpose of this study is to discover the optimal scale of air cargo development using the AHP method. The authors evaluated the scale of air cargo in size and capacity based on the following 5 standards used Korean developing airliner: usability, economics, technology, safety, and environmental friendliness. Then, the authors modified specific standards suitable for air cargo based on literature review Decision-making groups were chosen for suitability of expert staff in charge because they could represent for leading opinions in this specialized area especially as in practical aspects. The participants of the evaluation were pilots, transportation officers and management staff in the KAI who have experienced over 5years.

D2 Dopamine Receptor (DRD2) Gene Polymorphism and Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Vietnam Veterans (월남전 참전 재향군인에서 도파민 D2 수용체 유전자 다형성과 외상후 스트레스 장애)

  • Lee, Soo-Young;Chung, Hae-Gyung;Kim, Tae-Yong;Choi, Jin-Hee;Chung, Moon-Yong;So, Hyoung-Seok;Shin, Han-Sang;Lee, Shi-Eun
    • Anxiety and mood
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.142-147
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    • 2008
  • Objective : Evidence from recent studies supports the role of genetic factors in the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The primary aim of this study is to investigate the association between the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) TaqI A polymorphism and PTSD. The second aim is to examine the association between the DRD2 TaqI A polymorphism and clinical symptoms in patients with PTSD. Methods : We recruited 189 Vietnam veterans for participation in this study, among whom 99 were PTSD patients and 90 were control subjects. The presence of the DRD2 TaqI A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Several standardized research scales were used in the clinical assessment of PTSD, including the Combat Exposure Scale (CES), Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Results : There was no significant difference in the distribution of the DRD2 genotype, frequency and prevalence of the A1 allele, or the frequency of heterozygotes between the patients with PTSD and the controls. In the PTSD group, the patients with the A1 allele (A1A1, A1A2) scored higher on the CAPS-total (p=0.044), CAPS-avoidance symptoms (p=0.016) and BDI (p=0.024) than those without the A1 allele (A2A2). Conclusion : We could not find an association between the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) TaqI A polymorphism and PTSD. However, the A1 allele of DRD2 seemsto influence avoidance symptoms in patients with PTSD.

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The transmission background and characteristics of Bongyoung and Sogang masked dance of Ongjin county in whagnhae province (황해도 옹진의 본영탈춤·소강탈춤의 전승배경과 연희적 특징)

  • Jung, Hyung-ho;Song, In-woo
    • (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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    • no.20
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    • pp.213-249
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    • 2010
  • Aside from the Kangryung masked dance, a masque dance in the near of Ongjin county in Hwanghae province has been transmitted. This article was written by two researchers to investigate this fact in a new way. Inwoo Song had conducted a focus interview aimed at persons who came from Ongjin to South Korea and Hyungho Chung had been responsible for summarizing and analyzing the interview. Bonyoung and Suyoung were a place in which a navy admiral stayed and a very rich area. These two places and Kangryung invited and perfomed each other. They kept a competition relationship for the performance. For this reason, the masque dance had advanced in this area. Compared to Kangryung masked dance, this masked dance had a difference in the performance order including a lion dance. Malddukyi dance was expressed in detail in the first part and Hanryang dance was performed independently in the middle of the dance. Sangjwa dance among dances was considered important. Also a lively Malddukyi dance was a scale which measured the skill of the dance. Chwiballyi starred in the dance. The mask was made from a paper and had a grotesque ghost face. This dance was played around Dan-oh. The music accompaniment was conducted by professional musician group, "Kyungjanpae", who lived in the vicinity. They had talents such as masked dance, tightrope dancing, tumbling in addition to music accompaniment. Especially, a local shaman took part in the Bonyoung masked dance and leaded an excorcism after the death of Halmi. Also, in the part of the Kwangdaedaegam gut, the shaman and village people put on the mask and danced together. Therefore, a shaman was closely connected with a local masked dance. After the Korean war, Kangryung masked dance was restored but Bongyoung and Sogang masked dance was not transmitted at all. This article will be helpful for completing the script and restoring the Bongyoung and Sogang masked dance.

Russia Represented the Novel of Dae Hun Ham before and after the Liberation (해방전후 함대훈 소설에 나타난 '러시아' 표상 연구)

  • Kang, Yong-Hoon
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
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    • v.44
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    • pp.87-121
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    • 2016
  • Daehoon Ham's novel 'Cheongchunbo' features a studier as the main character who majored in Russian literature and admired the culture of the Soviet Union. From his viewpoint, the novel reproduces North Korean society before and after its independence from Japan. In this regard, it shows multilayered presence related to Russian culture and Soviet Russia. Such an aspect is based on the sense of sympathy that the main character has. The sense of sympathy is originated from the main character's admiration for the exoticism of Soviet culture which was forbidden during the late Japanese occupation. After Korea's independence from Japan, Russian was replaced by English. Such change also occurred in the main character's viewpoint. He underwent a change in his integrative viewpoint on Russian and Soviet under the name of Red Army. After defecting to South Korea, he began to put Russia down as a den possessed by the devil called 'communism.' In the meantime, Russia and Soviet have been separated from each other in ideological terms. The novel 'Cheongchunbo' stresses that the decisive cause of such changes is argued over trusteeship. The main character, fascinated by the presence of exotic Soviet, predicates that Soviet is a political symbol around the national division caused by the trusteeship. His change alluded to the life path of Korean authors who translated Russian literature after independence. During the Japanese occupation, Russian literature translated into Korea was a longing for forbiddance and admiration for Russia. However, the Russia presented in Daehoon Ham's novel before and after independence implies that the romantic translation has ended.

The Development and Originality of Wind Chimes of the Goryeo Dynasty (고려시대 풍탁(風鐸)의 전개와 독창성)

  • Lee, Young-sun
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.52 no.2
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    • pp.292-307
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    • 2019
  • Buddhists have always tended to adorn and embellish Buddhist statues and their surrounding spaces in order to exhibit the grandeur and sublime nature of the Buddha. The various kinds of splendid instruments and implements used in such ornamentation are collectively called jangeomgu in Korean. Thus, the term jangeomgu encompasses articles used to decorate Buddhist statues, halos, and baldachin, as well as Buddhist banners and wind chimes, which are generally hung outside a building. Wind chimes are still widely used at Buddhist temples. In China, judging from various structures such as the Wooden Stupa of Yongningsi in Luoyang and the Dunhuang Caves, wind chimes began to be used around the sixth century. As for Korea, Buddhism was first introduced from China during the Three Kingdoms Period, and Koreans accordingly began to build Buddhist temples and buildings. It would appear that wind chimes came to be used around the time that the first temples were built. The oldest extant wind chime in Korea is the gilt-bronze wind chime of Baekje, discovered at the Mireuksa Temple Site in Iksan. In general, Korean wind chimes dating from the Three Kingdoms Period are classified into two general types according to their shape and elevation, i.e., those shaped like a Buddhist bell and those shaped like a trapezoid. As these two forms of wind chimes have influenced each other over time, those made during the Goryeo dynasty, having inherited the style, structure, and design of the preceding period, display such features. At the same time, the artisans who produced wind chimes pursued technical development and adopted free, yet not extravagant, designs. In particular, Goryeo wind chimes are characterized by original designs created through exchanges with other Buddhist art forms of the same period, such as the embossed lotus design band of Goryeo bells; the bullmun design, which served to display the grandeur of the royal family; the samhwanmun design, which consisted of decorating the interior of a Goryeo incense burner with three holes; Sanskrit designs; and designs inspired by the windows and doors of stone pagodas. In this way, the production of Goryeo wind chimes developed with a focus on purpose while being free of formal constraints. This study started out from the fact that the largest number of Korean wind chimes were produced during the Goryeo dynasty. Therefore, research on wind chimes should be based on those of the Goryeo dynasty, especially since fewer relevant studies have been conducted compared to studies on other forms of Buddhist art. For the purposes of this study, the reasons for the production of wind chimes will be examined first, followed by an examination of the various styles of Korean wind chimes. Then, based on the findings of this investigation, the development and characteristics of the wind chimes produced during the Goryeo dynasty will be explored for each period.

The Manufacturing Techniques of the Stone Standing Maitreya Bodhisattva Bronze Wind Chimes of Gwanchoksa Temple, Nonsan (자연과학적 분석을 통한 논산 관촉사 석조미륵보살입상(論山 灌燭寺 石造彌勒菩薩立像) 청동풍탁(靑銅風鐸)의 제작 기법 연구)

  • LEE, Soyeon;CHUNG, Kwangyong
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.22-37
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    • 2021
  • The wind chime is a longstanding Jangeomgu (majestic article) found in Korea, China, and Japan. However, basic research on wind chimes is currently inadequate as it is difficult to estimate the time of production, and there are few relics. Therefore, this research morphologically classifies the eight bronze wind chimes decorating the baldachin of the Stone Standing Maitreya Bodhisattva of Gwanchoksa Temple, Nonsan. Based on this, the manufacturing techniques and production period are scientifically demonstrated. The synthesis of the research results reveals that the structure and characteristics of the wind chimes of the Stone Standing Maitreya Bodhisattva of Gwanchoksa Temple, Nonsan differ depending on their location on the baldachin. The four large-sized wind chimes on the lower-baldachin were manufactured by casting a Cu-Sn-Pb alloy, and they are estimated to have been made during the early period of Goryeo. The two medium-sized wind chimes of the upper-baldachin's northern direction were manufactured through forging a Cu-Sn or Cu-Sn-Pb alloy, and they appear to have a similar structure to the cylindrical wind chimes appearing during the latter period of Goryeo and the Joseon period. The two small-sized wind chimes of the upper-baldachin's southern direction were manufactured by casting a Cu-Sn-Pb alloy containing Zn, and based on the chemical composition of the alloy and the shape of the clapper, they are estimated to have been manufactured during the latter period of Joseon. Through the observation of microstructures and a chemical composition analysis, it is demonstrated that two wind chimes of the lowerbaldachin were manufactured by casting and slow cooling the alloy with an alloy ratio of Cu:Sn:Pb≒80:15:5. In addition, it is estimated that the wind chimes of the upper-baldachin's northeast direction were manufactured by forging an alloy of Cu-Sn with a similar alloy ratio to that of forged high tin bronze. The results of a comparative analysis of prior research on domestic wind chimes confirm that two wind chimes of the lower-baldachin have a similar composition ratio to the wind chime excavated from Wolnamsaji in Gangjin, containing an amount of tin that corresponds with ancient records. Having a similar alloy ratio to forged high tin bronze, the wind chimes of the upper-baldachin's northeast direction are the only instances among all of the wind chimes that have been examined to date that were manufactured using this forging method. The purpose of this research is to collect baseline data to verify and classify the manufacturing period of wind chimes according to their morphological characteristics based on scientific evidence. It is hoped that this data can be utilized for the restoration and conservation processes of the wind chimes of the Stone Standing Maitreya Bodhisattva of Gwanchoksa Temple, Nonsan.