• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of auricular acupressure on menstrual pain, difficulties in daily life, negative feelings and autonomic nervous responses among college students. Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial design was used. The treatment group A (n=12) receivedauricular acupressure therapy on the first or second day of their menstrual period. Treatment group B (n=18) regularly received an auricular acupressure therapy once a week for a month. The control group (n=19) received no auricular acupressure therapy. An independent t-test was used to examine pre-post test differences in the group. The ANOVA and Scheffe test were used to examine pre-post test differences among the group. Results: Subjects in treatment group A showed significantly less menstrual pain, difficulties in daily life, and negative feelings than the control group did. The participants in treatment group B also showed significantly less difficulties in daily life and negative feelings than the control group. Conclusion: The findings support that auricular acupressure therapy on menstrual periods is effective in controlling menstrual pain, difficulties in daily life, and negative feelings. As the method is simple, it would be useful for female students to learn to use this method to alleviate the symptoms related to menstruation through self care.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.86-89
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• 2011

Imperforate hymen is, with an incidence of 0.1%, a rare female anomaly, which can appear with symptoms such as lower abdominal pain, primary amenorrhea, dysuria, anuria, caused by retention of menstrual blood after the onset of menstruation. Generally urinary retention is caused by psychological conditions, drug effect, infection or congenital anomaly causing acute urinary obstruction. We experienced a patient with symptoms of acute urinary retention, suggesting acute urinary obstruction. The cause for the retention turned out to be an imperforated hymen, which should therefore be mentioned in the literature as a possible cause in cases suspected of urinary retention.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2015

Background: The objective of this study was to compare dysmenorrhea with pelvic alignment, hip joint range of motion about 20's female university students. Sixty two female students participated in this study. To investigate the measure of dysmenorrhea, we used modified menstrual distress questionnaire (MMDQ) and numerric rating scale (NRS). The pelvic alignment was assessed by using the palpation meter. The active range of motion (ROM) were assessed by measuring the flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation and external rotation. Each measurement was assessed by goniometer. The data were analyzed by calculating independent T-test. Consequently, As the increase of dysmenorrhea, we observed significantly the increase of pelvic anterior tilt in right and left pelvic (p<.05). Otherwise, as the increase of dysmenorrhea, range of motion of hip joint was significantly limited in right and left external rotation (p<.05). Thus, this study provides young female with valuable information about dysmenorrhea.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is difference in the effects of aromatherapy on dysmenorrhea by research design. Methods: Findings from the two different research designs (Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest [NCG] design vs. two-group crossover design) were compared in regard to the effect of aromatherapy on dysmenorrhea. The subjects of the NCG design and the crossover design were a total of 58 female nursing students. The treatments (aroma essential oil inhalation and carrier oil inhalation) were given using a necklace. The data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, paired t-test, and Shapiro-Wilk test using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. The effect size for the two research designs was calculated. Results: In both research designs, the level of dysmenorrhea and menstrual pain after the aroma treatment were not significantly different from those after the placebo treatment. The effect size of the NCG design was higher than that of the crossover design. Conclusion: Aroma inhalation may not be effective in managing dysmenorrhea and menstrual pain. In order to further clarify the efficiency of research design and the effect of aromatherapy on discomfort during menstruation, replication studies are necessary. Future studies need to examine the effects of different research design on non-interval variables.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

Purpose : This study determines the effect and sustainability of the trunk stability exercise program, specifically using the bridge exercise, by measuring Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Menstrual Distress Questionaire(MDQ) and muscle strength in women university students complaining of low back pain. Methods : The trunk stability exercise program was progressed by 22 women university students, for 4 weeks, (3 times a week, 1 hour per session). At this time, low back pain happened at the period of menstruation and was measured using VAS, Dysmenorrhea using the MDQ tool and abdominal and back muscle strength using HUR. This study was evaluated 4 times (before and after the exercise program, after 4 weeks and 8 weeks) to investigate the effect of time variation after the exercise program. Results : The trends showed a decrease in VAS and MDQ and an increase in abdominal and back muscle strength. Therefore, these results were evaluated positively from a statistical perspective(p<.05). Conclusions : The trunk stability exercise results in a decreased VAS and MDQ, and increases the muscle strength in women university students who complained of low back pain form dysmenorrhea. Therefore, the low back pain from dysmenorrhea could have been avoided and quality of everyday life improved.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.31-45
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea and pulse energy of Chon, Gwan and Cheok. Methods The subjects of this study who had certain range of dysmenorrhea symptom. The degree of dysmenorrhea were assessed by Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Multidimensional Verbal Rating Scale (MVRS), Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale (CMSS) and measured by 3D Blood Pressure Pulse Analyzer(3D-MAC) tests at menstruation start date. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results : The induced results are as follows;The induced results are as follows 1. There were no significant relationship between the pulse energy and the sum values of VAS, MVRS and checking part of severity of CMSS. 2. The frequency domain of CMSS were significantly associated with pulse energy. 3. In linear regression models, the model of Left Chon had the especially highest value of explanatory power. (R ² = 0.517) Conclusions : The pulse energy changes are related to the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of magnetic therapy applying the principal of Sa-am Acupuncture on menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea in high school students. Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pre- and post-test design was used. Participants were 60 female high school students living in S city, 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. Data were collected from February to August 2008. Magnetic therapy was performed three days before menstruation for three menstrual cycles. Results: Magnetic therapy significantly reduced menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea. There was a significant difference in menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: Magnetic therapy may be an effective nursing intervention in reducing menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of moxibustion for primary dysmenorrhea (PD). Methods: We searched 10 electronic databases (CNKI, WANFANG, VIP, AMED, CiNii, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, OASIS, Korea Traditional Knowledge Portal) to identify eligible studies published before November 2016. We included randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) using moxibustion for primary dysmenorrhea. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Ten RCT studies were eligible in our review. The overall risk of bias was evaluated as unclear. The meta-analysis of 4 trials indicated that favorable results for the use of moxibustion. Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials suggests that moxibustion can achieve good efficacy for PD patients. However, because of studies included analysis was biased due to unclear risk of bias and unreliable study design, future high-quality RCT studies are needed to determine the association moxibustion with PD.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2008

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Hominis placenta Pharmacopuncture treatment on Dysmenorrhea of Women. Methods: 49 subjects who were suffering from dysmenorrhea volunteered to answer the MMP(Measure of Menstrual Pain) and MSSL(Menstrual Symptom Severity List) questionnaire. They were divided into two groups, a Hominis placenta Pharmacopuncture treatment group(Experiment al group, n=25) and a Normal Saline(N/S) treatment group(Control group, n=24). The two groups were injected on the $CV_4,\;S_{36},\;Sp_9$ and $Sp_6$ acupuncture point. They were treated totally five times depending on the individual menstruation cycles. The scores of MMP and MSSL were measured overall three times before and after the menstruation cycle. The collected data were analyzed as paired t-test, independent t-test using SPSS 12.0 WIN Program. Results: As a result of the evaluation by MMP and MSSL, a significant improvement on dysmenorrhea was made in the two groups(p<0.05), and both scores of Experiment group were decreased more than Control group. But there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: The Hominis placenta Pharmacopuncture treatment and the Normal Saline treatment were effective in decreasing the symptom of Dysmenorrhea.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.55-66
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of $SP_6$ moxibustion on the primary dysmenorrhea. Methods : The data was collected from subjects who was suffering for dysmenorrhea. The subjects were employed using Measure of Menstrual Pain(MMP) and Menstrual Symptom Severity List(MSSL) questionnaire. We treated the subjects with $SP_6$ moxibustion and measured Skin Resistance Variability(SRV) before and after treatment. The method of analysing data was paired t-test. Results : 1. $SP_6$ moxibustion produced a significant decrease in symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. Results : 2. The SRV of 2, 3 area was significanltly changed after $SP_6$ moxibustion. Conclusions : $SP_6$ moxibustion was effective in decreasing the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. The SRV results suggest that women with primary dysmenorrhea may have organic energy deficiency and functional abnormality of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovarian axis.