• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 1999

To study the effects of chemical and organic fertilizer within the contents of essential elements in the lettuce, in the absence or presence of wood extraction, an experiment was conducted for a period of 10 weeks. The results obtained from the experiment are summarized as follows: 1. The iron contents in the lettuce grown in the chemical fertilized group, were different from those in the organic fertilized group, when the wood extraction was treated. The iron contents in the lettuce increased, due to the wood vinegar treatments, but the modes and degrees were not consistent the various kinds of lettuce. 2. Calcium contents in the lettuce were also increased by wood vinegar treatments, but the modes and degrees were not consistent with the various kinds of lettuce. On the other hand, the Calcium contents in the lettuce grown in the organic fertilized group were reduced by the wood vinegar treatments. 3. The mineral contents within other elements(Manganese, Copper, Zinc) in lettuce, is not variable according to the treatments, or the species of the lettuce.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.24 no.5 s.271
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• pp.131-135
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• 1992

광물질(minerals)이란 일명 무기질이라고도 하는데 원자량 16이하인 수소(H), 탄소(C), 질소(N), 산소(O)를 제외한 나머지 원소들을 말한다. 지금까지 공부해온 영양소 즉 탄수화물, 지방, 단백질 및 비타민들은 유기화합물에 속하는 영양소들인데 비해서 광물질은 그것이 유기화합물의 일부 구성요소일 수도 있고 또는 무기화합물로 존재할 수도 있고 때로는 독립된 원소상태로 존재할 수도 있는데 우리가 영양소로서의 광물질을 언급할 때에는 화합물을 말하는 것이 아니고 그 화합물을 구성하고 있는 원소 그 자체를 의미한다. 중요한 영양소의 하나인 물($H{_2}O$)은 즉, 수소(H)와 산소(O)는 광물질로 분류되지 않는다. 한편 탄산칼슘(Ca$CO{_3}$)과 같은 화합물은 무기화합물로서 칼슘(Ca). 탄소(C) 및 산소(O)의 3가지 원소로 구성되어 있다. 동물체내에서 발견되는 광물질에는 30여 종류가 있는데 이들의 총 함량은 2$\~$5$\%$ 정도이다.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2018

Volcanic ash samples of historical eruptions from Mt. Baekdu were analyzed for major oxides, trace and rare earth elements by a variety of analytical techniques. The results indicate that the ashes consist of approximately 58.8~71.1 wt.% $SiO_2$, 9.6~16.8 wt.% $Al_2O_3$, 4.5~6.9 wt.% $Fe_2O_{3t}$, 0.1~1.7 wt.% MgO, 0.3~1.6 wt.% CaO, 5.2~6.3 wt.% $Na_2O$, 4.3~5.9 wt.% $K_2O$ and less than 1.2 wt.% $TiO_2$. Thirty two trace metals including Ba, Cu, Cr. Co, Ni, Sr, V, Zn, and Zr were analyzed. The ashes can be divided two groups: group A(1 ka Millennium pumice, 1668 and $190{\underline{3}}$ pumice) and group B(1702 pumice) according to the relative enrichment of HREEs. The abundances of heavy metals such as Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn were relatively low. As compared to the Sakurajima volcanic ash, Baekdusan volcanic ash has low concentrations of Y, Nb, Pb, U, Sc, V, Ni and Cu and high concentrations of Zr, Ba, Hf, Cr, Co, Zn and rare-earth (except Eu).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2015

Samples from soils and crops were collected and analyzed in order to investigate the interactions of selenium among rocks, soils, and crops by hydrothermal alteration near epithermal mines in the region of Mio-san, Haenam. Soil samples included 6 samples each from mountain and farm area and compositional minerals and their contents were analyzed by water content, pH, ICP, XRD, XRF. Crop samples from onion and scallion were analyzed for chemical composition to elucidate the relationship with soils. Results from XRD analysis for soil samples showed that major compositional minerals are qualtz and feldspar, and illite, chlorite, hematite formed by hydrothermal alteration were included on a small scale. The pH ranges of soil samples from mountain and farm were measured at 4.6~4.9 and 5.2~6.7, respectively. The higher pH in farm soils may result from fertilization during agricultural activities. Results from ICP analysis showed that, compared to soil samples from mountain area with no potassium and calcium, significant amount of K and Ca were detected in soil samples from farms which is affected by fertilization. In a similar manner, potassium and calcium were absorbed and detected in crop samples at relatively high concentrations (116.89~169.79 ppm for K and 20.18~32.29 ppm for Ca). While the selenium contents in soil samples ranged from 18.35 ppb to 70.31 ppb which showed no significant difference, high concentrations of selenium were detected in onion (119.48~179.50 ppb) and scallion (146.65 ppb). These difference in enrichment for each element may result from the distinctive adsorption characteristics depending on crops.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-31
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• 1991

A total of 90 surface sediment samples, collected from the continental margin area bordering east and southeast coast of Korea, were subject to the geochemical analyses with the aim of filling the gap in our knowledge of this environment. The analyzed items included the major elements (Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, p and Mn), organic carbon, and some trace metals (Ba, Co, Cu, Sr and Zn). The sediment grain-size exerted a predominant influence on the contents of most elements, with the exceptions of Ca, K, Sr and Ba. The Ca and Sr contents, being closely interrelated each other, were mainly controlled by the calcium carbonate content. The K content, on the other hand, appeared to be influenced by both illite and feldspar. The Ba content showed a certain relationship with that of K, suggesting a common source of these two elements; potassium feldspar. The R-mode factor analysis result also reaffirmed the above-mentioned controlling factors on the sediment geochemistry. The grain-size dependency of trace metals obscures their areal distribution pattern from the total contents. However, with the metal/aluminum ratios we could differentiate the subtle difference in the metal enrichment. Hence, sediments of the southern coastal area appear to receive some anthropogenic inputs of metals, though the effect is still negligible.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.55-57
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• 2000

제주도 동부지역 지하수 염수화 원인을 규명하고자 주요이온성분분석과 환경동위원소 ${^3}H$함량분석을 하였다. 제주도 동부지역 지하수에 대한 각 주요이온과 염소이온과의 상관관계를 보면 지하수의 조성성분비율이 이 지역 연안해수의 것과 유사한 경향을 나타내고 있어 이들 지하수가 해수에 의해 염수화되고 있는 것으로 사료된다. 또한 ${^3}H$함량이 연안과의 거리가 먼 관정일수록 높게 나타났고, 가까운 관정은 해수침입의 영향을 받아 다른 관정보다 ${^3}H$함량이 낮고, 염소이온농도는 높게 나타난 것으로 보아 이 지역 지하수 염수화는 자연 염지하수나 암염등의 용해의 영향인 것으로 사료된다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.571-577
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• 1995

Several acid-sulfate clay deposits associated with silicic magmas occur in the Haenam area of the southwestern part of Korea. Geology of the studied area consists of tuffs, granitic rocks, quartz porphyry, rhyolite, andesite and sedimentary rocks. The granitic rocks and quartz porphyry intruded tuffs and sedimentary rocks. The rhyolite and tuffs around the mines have undergone hydrothermally weak or strong alteration. Gold contents with major and trace elements have been determined for a total of sixty-seven specimens of fresh igneous rocks, wall rocks and minerals such as dickite and alunite by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma. Gold is enriched in the alunite vein and the silicified zone, but is depleted in dickites and hydrothermally altered rocks with dickite of the Seongsan deposit. Gold is especially concentrated near the faults or conjunction area of two faults. High content of gold is shown in the mineral assemblages of alunitequartz- pyrite in the alunite vein and silicic zone of the Seongsan deposit compared with that of minerals and rocks from another deposits distributed in the studied area. Gold content in tuffs and dickites with pyrite is generally low. Gold content in silicified tuff tends to show positive correlations with content of As, Hg and Sb. Variation trends of Cd, Hg and Sb are similar to those of gold content. From the result of gold content variations, gold may be transported and concentrated by mineralizing solutions ascending along the cracks like fault. Therefore, it is important to survey alunite vein and silicified zone at the conjunction of faults, and to analyze pathfinder elements such as As, Hg and Sb for geological and geochemical exploration of gold in the studied deposits.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.369-376
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• 2006

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of root medium formulations on growth and nutrient uptake of hot pepper 'Knockgwang' in 72-cell plug trays. To achieve this, the nine root media were formulated by adjusting blending rate of perlite (PL) to coir (CO), peatmoss (PM) or coir+peatmoss (5:5, v/v, COPM). Then, the growth characteristics and tissue nutrient contents were determined at 35 and 70 days after sowing. The elevated blending rate of PL to CO increased fresh and dry weight of hot pepper at 35 days after sowing. The treatments of 20% in blending rate of PL to PM or that of 0% to COPM produced the highest fresh and dry weight among perlite treatments of PM or COPM. The results of crop growth at 70 days after sowing also showed similar trends to those of 35 days after sowing. The elevated blending rate of PL to CO or PM decreased tissue $P_2O_5$ and K contents and increased Ca and Mg contents at 35 days after sowing, With the equal blending rate of perlite, the plant tissue grown in CO had higher K contents and lower N, Ca and Mg contents than those in PM and COPM. The elevated blending rate of perlite in three organic matter also decreased tissue $P_2O_5$ and K contents at 70 days after sowing, but Ca and Mg contents were the highest in the treatment of 20% PL in CO, 40% PL in PM and 40% PL in COPM among perlite treatments in each organic matter.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.395-405
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• 2011

To develop the technology for cultivation of high-density seaweed, sea tangle was cultured from varying depths(0.5 m, 3 m) of seawater at Gijang and Wando area. Proximate composition, component sugar, total amino acid, fatty acid composition, and element composition of different parts of sea tangle (Saccharina japonica) have been examined. Significant differences were found in the amount of crude protein and ash content in lower, middle, and upper parts of algal blades. The upper parts of the sea tangle was rich in crude protein, while lower parts was rich in crude ash. Crude lipid content was higher in the middle parts than those of the other parts. The component sugars were not significantly different from all parts of algal blades. The highest content of most of the amino acids were found in the upper parts of the blades. The amount of saturated fatty acids concentrated mostly in lower parts of blades, while the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids concentrated in the upper parts. The highest N element contents were found in upper part of algal blades. However, the contents of those chemical component were not affected by the depths of seawater.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.351-367
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• 1995

The elemental geochemistry and oxygen isotopes of illite/smectite (I/S) have been studied in relationship to the mineralogical trend in the Reindeer D-27 well, Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin. The increase in concentrations of $K_2O$, Rb and rare earth elements (REE), the decrease in concentrations of tetrahedral elements such as Mg, Ti, Sc, Zn and Zr, and the increase in concentrations of tetrahedral elements such as Be and V can be related to I/S compositions that vary systematically with depth. Layer formulae of S- and I-layers are estimated as $[Al_{1.57}Fe_{.19}Mg_{.31}Ti_{.07}][Si_{3.84}Al_{.16}]O_{10}(OH)_2$ and $[Al_{1.84}Mg_{.16}][Si_{3.33}Al_{.67}]O_{10}(OH)_2$, respectively. The mobilization of REE appears to occur during illitization. The increase in concentrations of REE, especially La and Ce, with depth is probably linked to incorporation of ions with high valency (e.g. $V^{5+}$) in tetrahedral sites. The excess valency due to V is partly counter-balanced by ions with low valency (e.g. $Be^{2+}$) and, in turn, the local valency deficiency caused by $Be^{2+}$ could be compensated by high-charge interlayer cations such as REE (＋3). ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of I/S range from 2.91 to 15.72‰ (SMOW), and increase with depth, contrasting to trends observed in the Gulf Coast and elsewhere. The increase in ${\delta}^{18}O$ of I/S results from the rapid increase in ${\delta}^{18}O$ of pore water that overcomes the decrease in temperature-dependent fractionation values with increasing burial depth (${\delta}^{18}O_{pore\;water}>-d{\Delta}/_{I/S-water};\;d{\delta}^{18}O_{I/S}>0$). Calculated ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of pore water in equilibrium with I/S suggest that the original water was probably meteoric water. The stratification of pore water is postulated from the presence of an isotopically light interval, about 450m thick. The depth range of the isotopically light zone overlaps, but does not coincide with the interval of lowered I-content and $K_2O$ concentrations, suggesting that oxygens may have been exchanged independently of mineralogical and geochemical reactions.