• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2022

In 2021, the Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP), a U.N. advisory research institute, cited container loss as one of six sources of marine litters in shipping. The sinking of the X-P ress Pearl in May 2021 caused a catastrophic environmental pollution accident in which the loaded containers were moved to the shore, and the plastic pellets were loaded inside covered the coast of Sri Lanka. With this history, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) will discuss prevention and follow-up measures for container loss during ship voyages, as an agenda at the 8th Sub Committee on Carriage of Cargoes and Containers meeting in September 2022. To establish Korea's response direction at the IMO meeting, this study identified major causes of container loss accidents, and considered the response through analysis based on the accident investigation report and related professional data. As a result, it was found that the major cause of container loss during voyages was the enlargement of container ships, bad weather, and poor loading of containers. In particular, the need to prepare countermeasures for the deterioration of the operational safety of large container ships due to bad weather was identified. Additionally, integrated monitoring of the implementation of international conventions is required, for the safe sea transportation of container cargo. In particular, in terms of preservation of the marine environment, it is necessary to supplement the system for the recovery of lost containers. Finally, it was found that it is necessary to establish systems that can complement each other in the shipbuilding and shipping industries, in terms of shipbuilding as well as ship operation, to fundamentally prevent container loss accidents at sea. It is judged that it is difficult to resolve the various factors of container loss at sea during voyages, by responding from an individual perspective.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.116-118
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• 2015

최근 효율적인 해상교통 환경구축과 해양안전을 확보하기 위해 ICT가 융합된 기술에 많은 연구가 이루어 지고 있다. 특히 빅데이터 기술은 해상관제, 해양환경 모니터링, 항로표지 관리, 해상운송 등 다양하게 접목하여 활용이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 선박운항의 안전확보를 위하여 빅데이터 기술의 전반적인 활용 방안을 검토하였다. 아울러 일반적인 빅데이타의 활용에 대하여도 소개하고자 한다.

• 한국항공운항학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.228-232
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• 2016

유/무인기가 통합되어 운용되는 환경을 고려한 시뮬레이션 시스템 설계 방안을 제시하였다. 기존의 관제 공역 내의 유인기를 대상으로 하는 항공 교통 시뮬레이션 시스템의 기능과 무인기 시스템의 기본적인 기능을 고려하였으며, 이를 기반으로 유/무인기 복합 운용의 새로운 개념을 적용하여 모의할 수 있는 시뮬레이션 환경을 구성하였다. 모의 환경의 확장성을 고려하여, 무인기는 관제 공역에 진입하여 유인기와 복합 운용되는 무인항공기 시스템과 비관제 영역에서 운용되는 소형 무인비행장치로 구분하여 구성하였다. 시뮬레이션 시스템을 구현하기 위한 운용 개념에 대해 서술하였으며, 이를 기반으로 필요로 하는 주요 기능 요소들을 구성하고 각 요소에서 고려되어야 하는 주요 요구 사항을 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.235-246
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• 2000

인공 지능 분야에서 특히 퍼지와 같은 기술은 전반적인 산업 자동화에 많이 사용되어 왔다. 퍼지 제어는 인간의 추론 과정을 모델링한 기술로서 인간에 유사한 결정 능력과 복잡하고 다양한 환경에 매우 효과적이다. 본 논문은 이러한 퍼지 제어의 장점을 연근해의 선박 자동 항해에 적용시켜 보았다. 심해에서는 공간상의 제약이 없기 때문에 선박의 자동항해는 원하는 목표지점까지 안전하게 운항할 수 있지만, 연근해안에는 심해와 달리 각종 장애물들(작고 큰 섬들과 해안, 연근해에 작업중인 선박들)이 있으며 이것들로 인한 충돌사고가 종종 발생하고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 연근해안에서 보다 안전하고 자율적인 항해를 위해 인공 지능 기술인 퍼지 기술을 선박에 적용시켰다. 본 논문에서 제안된 다변수 퍼지 시스템을 2개의 서로 다른 동적 환경을 가지는 지형에 적용시켜 보았고, 그에 따른 실험들을 수행했을 때, 만족할만한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서, 본 논문에서 제안된 다변수 퍼지 제어시스템을 이용한 선박이 동적인 환경에서도 스스로 장애물을 인식하고 회피함으로 안전하게 연근해를 운항할 수 있음을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.04a
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• pp.845-847
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• 2015

선교에서 항해자는 견시를 통해 선박의 주위 상황을 인지하고, RADAR나 ECDIS와 갈은 항해 장비의 정보를 동시에 파악하면서 운항해야한다. 이렇게 복잡한 정보 제공 환경에서는 상황 인지에 대한 인적과실이 발생할 가능성이 크기 때문에 보다 효율적인 항행정보 제공 기술이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 항해장비가 제공하는 다양한 정보들을 외부 영상에 중첩하여 전시할 수 있는 증강현실 기반 항해지원 시스템의 항행정보 정함 기술을 개방하고, 이를 선박운항 시뮬레이터 환경에서 검증하는 연구를 수행 하였다. 본 시스템은 항해장비로부터 항행정보를 획득한 후, 이 정보를 카메라를 통해 입력되는 영상과 중첩하여 항해사에게 제공하며, 효과적인 중첩처리를 위하여 상용 그래픽스 엔진인 Unity3D를 사용 하였다. 또한, 시뮬레이터 실험 결과 선박의 움직임에도 정확하게 정합되는 것을 확인하였으며, 개발원 기술은 향후 실제 선교환경에서 활용될 수 있는 증강현실 기반의 항행정보 지원 시스템에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.10-11
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• 2019

해상교통 환경은 항해사, 관제사, 자선, 타선 등의 복합적 상호작용과 관계에 의해서 형성되지만 그동안의 해상교통 분석은 과거 항적 데이터의 통계분석이나 선박운항 시뮬레이터를 이용한 자선의 운항특성을 분석하는 것에 국한되어 왔다. 복잡함 속에서도 교통흐름과 특성을 나타내는 교통 환경을 사실적으로 모사하기 위해서는 교통 환경을 구성하는 각 요소에 대한 모델링 및 시뮬레이션이 사실적으로 이루어지고 요소간의 상호작용이 재현될 수 있어야 한다. 이를 위해서 본 논문에서는 에이전트 기반의 시뮬레이션 기술을 분석하고 적용 방안을 연구하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2007

Towing vessels have carried out the important role and service in the maritime industry construction, such as port and sea bridge construction, fairway dredging and sea reclamation etc. Furthermore, tugboat takes the largest portion in number of vessel at the domestic registry and barges as big as the general merchant vessel, which are getting specialized and larger, are in operation. In spite of the increase of marine accidents under this situation, there has been no proper measure for the safe navigation of tugboat in the aspect of a nation. This paper aims to propose the measure for the safe navigation of tugboat according to the frequent marine accident of tugboat with sea bridge. Therefore, we show an example of the sailing schedule and operation checklist based on the analysis of statistics and precedent of marine accident and the investigation of the actual operation state of tugboat in the aspect of a contract of carriage and a personnel setup, which should be checked by the operator of tugboat, to pass through sea bridge safely and propose the safe traffic supporting system based on electronic chart system to improve the safe navigation of tugboat.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

Auto-navigation algorithm have been studied to avoid collision and grounding of a ship due to human error. There have been many research on collision avoidance algorithms but they have been validated little on the real coastal traffic situation. In this study, a Collision Avoidance algorithm is developed by using Fuzzy algorithm and the concept of Changeable Action Space Searching (CAS). In the first step, on a basis of collision risk calculated from fuzzy algorithm in the current time(t=to), alternative Action Space for collision avoidance is planned. In the second step, next alternative Action Space for collision avoidance in the future($t=to+{\Delta}t$) is corrected and re-planned with re-evaluated collision risk. In the third step, the safest and most effective course among Action Space is selected by using optimization method in real time. In this paper, the main features of the developed collision avoidance algorithm (CAS) are introduced. CAS is implemented in the ship-handling simulator of MOERI. The performance of CAS is tested on the situation of open sea with 3 traffic ships, whose position is assumed to be informed from AIS. Own-ship is fully autonomously navigated by autopilot including the collision avoidance algorithm, CAS. Experimental results show that own-ship can successfully avoid the collision against traffic ships and the calculated courses from CAS are reasonable.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.101-108
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• 2007

Tugboat has carried out the important role and service in the maritime industry construction, such as port and sea bridge construction, fairway dredging and sea reclamation etc. Furthermore, tugboat takes the largest portion in number of vessel at the domestic registry and barges as big as the general merchant vessel, which are getting specialized and larger, are in operation. In spite of the increase of marine accident under this situation, there has been no proper measure for the safe navigation of tugboat in the aspect of a nation. This paper aims to propose the measure for the safe navigation of tugboat according to the frequent marine accident of tugboat with sea bridge. Therefore, we show a example of the sailing schedule and operation checklist based on the analysis of statistics and precedent of marine accident and the investigation of the actual operation state of tugboat in the aspect of a contract of carriage and a personnel setup, which should be checked by the operator of tugboat, pass through sea bridge safely and propose the safe traffic supporting system based on electronic chart system to improve the safe navigation of tugboat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.256-265
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• 2021

Ground, sea and air mobility, such as vehicles, ships, and airplanes, are generally operated by people. Based on the innovative development of autonomous decision-making systems and artificial intelligence (AI) following the recent fourth industrial revolution, research and development on maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) is been actively performed around the world. Before the realization of the commercialization of MASS in international maritime transport, it is urgent to clarify the characteristics of this ship and its international legal status. This paper aims to analyze the concern of whether a ship without crew members will eventually be operated as a fully unmanned ship or can be recognized as a ship under international law as the number of crew members is gradually reduced owing to the development stage of autonomous ships. Consequently, based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), it was found that MASS has the same international legal status as general ships. In addition this paper presents the working principles of enacting and revising the IMO Conventions and international legal measures necessary for the safe operation of MASS.