• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2165-2170
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• 2008

The cooling load in winter season is significant in many commercial buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and the high efficiency of wall insulation. Therefore, the development of a multi-heat pump which can cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit is required. In this study, the characteristics and performance of a simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump in the cooling-only and cooling-main operating mode was investigated experimentally with a variation of indoor air dry bulb temperature which is from $21^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. EEV opening was adjusted from 20% to 24% during the tests. When the indoor air temperature varied, the performance in the cooling-only mode was more sensitive to the temperature than in the cooling-main mode. The total capacity and COP were increased by 53.8% and 48.1%, respectively, in the cooling-main, while those were increased by 19.6% and 19.3% in the cooling-only mode. The performance differences between the two operating modes became larger at lower temperatures, especially for the COP.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2004

Today's popular ventilation systems include the combined jet fans and electrostatic precipitation systems or the combined jet fans and vertical shaft system. Tunnels with these two ventilation systems applied have been designed and opened, more and more interest has been put in maintenance of a tunnel after opening. Therefore. it is to become more important to come up with the optimal operation mode and the method for the evaluation of ventilation system. In this study, to evaluate a tunnel ventilation and its economy, a dynamic simulation program was developed which can simulate the unsteady-state tunnel air velocity and concentration of pollutants according to the traffic flow variations and operation condition of a ventilation system. We clarified the effectiveness usage on tunnel ventilation by using it and also we could found the most economical ventilation operation mode by application in real exit tunnel. We obtained that combination of fan system and electrostatic precipitation system was more economical than jet fan priority operation mode.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.400-408
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• 2007

In this paper, development of the 8kW parallel module converter is presented. For a effective configuration of FB-PWM converter, this paper proposes 4-parallel operation of 2 kw-module. FB converter of 2-kW module is controlled by phase shut PWM and in order to achieve ZVZCS, the simple auxiliary circuit is applied in secondary side. In order to achieve ZCS, control logic for auxiliary circuit operation is designed to reset the primary current during free-wheeling period. For output current sharing of 4-modules, the charge control is employed. The charge control logic is designed with phase shift PWM logic. Voltage controller is implemented by using DSP(TMS320LF2406) with A/D conversion data of the output current and voltage of each module. The developed converter is installed in PCU(Power Conditioning Unit) for HSG(High Speed Generator) in a vehicle and health monitoring system is implemented for vehicle operation test. Finally, performance of the developed converter is proved under practical operation of HSG.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.171-171
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• 2011

헬륨냉동계통은 연구용 원자로인 하나로에서 냉중성자를 생산할 수 있도록 설치된 수조내기기 내의 감속재인 수소가 정상적으로 열 사이펀을 유지하기 위한 주요 계통이다. 헬륨냉동계통은 헬륨가스를 압축하는 헬륨 압축부분과 헬륨가스를 팽창시켜 저온을 생성시키는 헬륨 팽창부분으로 나누어진다. 헬륨 압축부분은 두 개의 스크류가 맞물려 회전하면서 약 1.05 bar(a)의 헬륨가스를 최대 13 bar(a)까지 압축시키는 압축기가 있으며, 헬륨 팽창부분인 냉동박스의 팽창 터빈은 self-acting gas bearing에 의해 구동되며, 저온모드 운전 시작시 헬륨 압축부분에서 일부의 가스는 팽창 터빈 축(shaft)으로 유입되어 회전속도가 서서히 증가하면서 고속으로 회전하여 극저온의 헬륨가스(14~18 K)를 생성하는 주요 기기이다. 헬륨을 팽창하는 부분인 냉동박스 내로 헬륨 압축가스를 유입하기 전에 압축된 헬륨가스 내 불순물의 순도를 분석하여 냉동박스의 주요 부품인 팽창터빈의 운전에 영향을 미치지 않는 것이 가장 중요하다. 따라서 헬륨 저압측에 헬륨가스 내 불순물 즉, 수소($H_2$), 수분($H_2O$), 질소($N_2$), 탄화수소류(CxHy) 및 오일(Oilaerosol) 등의 함량을 분석하기위해 가스 분석기가 설치되어 있으며, 냉동박스 내로 유입되기 전에 헬륨압축에서 순환되는 가스 내 불순물인 수분, 질소, 탄화수소류 및 오일은 10 vpm 이하이어야 하며, 수소 함량은 0.1 % 이내이어야 한다. 헬륨 압축부분에서 순환되는 가스의 불순물이 요구 조건에 만족하도록 헬륨 고압측과 헬륨 저압측에 cryogenic adsorber를 설치하여 가스 내 불순물을 제거하는 가스순도제어 작업을 수행해야 한다. cryogenic adsorber를 사용하기 위해서는 장치 내의 불순 가스를 공정진공도(1.33 X $10^{-3}$ mbar) 이하로 진공배기하는 작업이 매우 중요하다. 이는 계통의 헬륨가스가 오염되지 않도록 하는 것으로 cryogenic adsorber 내에는 액체질소를 충전하여 액체질소 온도에 노출된 활성탄층을 헬륨가스가 흐르면서 수분, 질소, 탄화수소류 및 오일 등이 제거된다. 이 논문에서는 헬륨냉동계통의 가스 순도 제어 작업을 통해 헬륨가스의 순도가 요구조건 이하로 만족하며, 팽창 터빈의 운전에 영향을 미치지 않음을 기술하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.37-47
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• 2001

Due to the friction characteristics of pump, cylinder packing and passenger car, in the elevator actuated with hydraulic inverter-fed systems, there exist dead zones, which cannot be controlled by a PID controller. To overcome the drawbacks, in this paper, we propose a new hybrid control scheme, which switches the modes between a sliding mode controller and a PID controller. The proposed hybrid control scheme achieves an improved control performance by using both controllers. We first propose a design method of sliding mode controller for a hydraulic elevator system controlled by inverters, then fellowed by a design method of a hybrid sliding mode control scheme is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme are shown by simulation results, which the proposed hybrid control method yields better control performance then the PID controlled scheme, not only in the zero-crossing speed region but also in the overall control region including steady-state region.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.202-208
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• 2001

A Switched Reluctance Motor(SRM) has double salient poles structure and the phase windings are wound in stator. SRM hase more simple structure that of other motor, thus manufacture cost is low, mechanically strong, reliable to a poor environment such as high temperature, and maintenance cost is low because of brushless. SRM needs position detector to get rotator position information for phase excitation and tachometer or encoder for constant speed operation. But, this paper doesn\`s use an encoder of high cost for velocity measurement of rotator. Instead of it, the algorithm for position detection and velocity estimation from simple slotted disk has been proposed and developed. To implement variable speed digital control system with velocity estimation algorithm, the TMS320F240-20MIPS fixed point arithmetic processor of TI corporation is used. The experimental results of the developing system are enable to control speed with wide range, not only single pulse, hard chopping mode and soft chopping, ut also variable speed control, and advance angle control.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.54-58
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• 2007

The trailers with electronically controlled diesel engine was converted to dual fuel engine system. To estimate economical efficiency, test vehicles have been operated on a certain driving route repeatedly. Fuel economy, mximum driving distance per refueling and driveability are examined on the road including a free way. Developed vehicle can be operated over 500 km with dual Hel and shows 85% of diesel substitution ratio. Driveability is similar with but passing acceleration. It will be improved by calibration process. Test engine was set up for investigating power output, thermal efficiency and emission. ND 13-mode tests were performed for the test cycle. The emission result of dual fuel meets K2006 regulation and the engine performance of dual fuel engine was equivalent to the performance of diesel engine.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.492-499
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• 2008

The cooling load in winter is significant in many commercial buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and the high efficiency of wall insulation. The development of a multi-heat pump that can cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit is required. In this study, the performance of a multi-heat pump with 3-piping system was investigated as a function of refrigerant charge and its performance was analyzed in cooling mode, heating mode, and heat recovery mode. COP in the heating or cooling mode showed little dependence on refrigerant charge at overcharge conditions, while those were strongly dependent on refrigerant charge at undercharge conditions and outdoor inlet temperature. In the heat recovery mode, the performance of the system was very sensitive to charge amount at all conditions. Optimum charge amount in the heat recovery mode was 14% lower than that in the cooling mode at the standard condition because the refrigerant only passed the indoor units. It is required to store the excessive refrigerant charge in a storage tank to optimize the system performance at operating modes.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2013

A greenhouse heating system to improve heat pump performance using inside and outside air of greenhouse as a heat source selectively and cut $CO_2$ enrichment costs by delay of greenhouse ventilation was developed. In this system, thermal storage modes divided into inside circulation mode using surplus solar energy and outside circulation mode using outside air heat. The thermal storage modes were designed to be switched mutually according to inside greenhouse temperature and six temperature values were input to control the heat pump operating, thermal storage mode switching and greenhouse heating automatically. Operating characteristics of this system were tested in a plastic greenhouse of non-ventilation condition. The results of test showed that the inside circulation mode began at about 11:00 and lasted for about 210 minutes and inside greenhouse temperature was maintained between $20{\sim}28^{\circ}C$ in spite of non-ventilation. System heating COP of the inside circulation mode in the daytime was 3.35, which was 36% and 25% higher than that of the outside circulation modes in the nighttime and daytime respectively.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.293-310
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to present the most effective smoke exhaust mode by comparing the quantitatively evaluated risks according to the smoke exhaust mode when a train fire occurs in a subway platform. Therefore, applying the typical subway platform as a model, train fire scenarios are developed with the evacuation start time and location of the fire train for each exhaust mode. The fire accident rates (F) are calculated and the number of fatalities (N) was quantitatively estimated by fire analysis and evacuation analysis for each scenario. In addition, the F/N curve compared with the social risk assessment criteria and the following conclusions were obtained. In the event of a train fire at the subway station platform, the evacuation must start up within 600 s in maximum to ensure the evacuees' safety. To secure evacuation safety, it is advantageous to operate the HVAC system of the platform in the air-supply mode at station without TVF. Comparing the F/N curve for each exhaust mode with the social risk criteria, it turned out that the risk significantly exceeds the social risk criteria in case of no mechanical ventilation. As a result, this paper shows that the ventilation mode in which TVF are exhausted and HVAC system is operated in the pressurized mode are the most effective smoke exhaust mode for ensuring evacuation safety.