• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.260-274
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to propose curriculum and teaching sequence for seasonal change by exploring a learning progression. For the purpose, 4 steps of construct modeling approach (specifying construct, item design, outcome space, and measurement model) proposed by Wilson (2005) was applied. In the stage of specifying construct, 'length of shadow according to seasons', 'position of constellation according to seasons', 'seasons of the southern hemisphere and northern hemisphere', 'cause and phenomenon of seasonal change' were selected as the subconstructs of seasonal changes, and constructed a construct map showing the level of development from level 1 to level 4 for each subconstruct based on the results of the previous research. In the item design stage, we developed five assessment items consisting of 3 items in the form of C-E (choose and explain) and two items in the form of CR (constructed response), applied it to 383 elementary, middle and high school students. In the outcome space stage, the students' responses to the assessment items were categorized based on the construct map. The categories were classified into 4 levels according to student ability and scores of 1-4 were given. In the measurement model stage, we applied the partial credit model of the Rasch model and compared whether the learning pathway created from the results of students' response coincides with the construct map. Based on the results of the research, we modified the construct map and finally created hypothetical learning progression on seasonal change. Finally, we proposed an orientation of curriculum amendment and effective teaching sequence for seasonal change.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Response modification factors (R-factor) in 3-, 9- and 20- story steel Moment Resisting Frame (MRF) buildings. Each structure was designed using a R-factor of 8, as tabulated in the 2000 International Building Code provision (IBC 2000) and Korea Building Code (KBC) 2008. In order to evaluate the maximum and minimum performance expected for such structures, an upper bound and lower bound design were adopted for each model. Next, each analytical model was designed using different R-factors (8, 9, 10, 11, 12) and four different structural periods with the original fundamental period. For a detailed case study, a total of 150 analytical models were subjected to 20 ground motions representing a hazard level with a 2% probability of being exceeded in 50 years. In order to evaluate the performance of the structures, static push-over and non-linear time history analysis (NTHA) were performed, and displacement ductility demand was investigated to consider the ductility capacity of the structures. The results show that the dynamic behaviors for the 3- and 9-story buildings are relatively stable and conservative, while the 20-story buildings show a large displacement ductility demand due to dynamic instability factors. (e.g. P-delta effect and high mode effect)

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2002

Driving involves a series of complicated precesses requiring various human capacities, such as perception, will decision, and athletic functions. Consequently, it induces a high degree of continuous concentration of mind and tension from external stimulation, bringing fatigue to the driver, and driver fatigue is counted as one of the major causes of traffic accidents. Nevertheless, because of the complicated urban lives, traffic congestion, job characteristics, and so on, the drivers have to spend a longer time inside a vehicle, and the fatigue and stress thereof is almost unavoidable. We haute, therefore, turned our attention to the reduction in the fatigue during driving by supplying oxygen, and investigated in this research the drivers subjective fatigue evaluations and reaction time when oxygen is supplied in different rates. As a result, we have found that the subjective fatigue feeling is highest at low-rate O/Sub 2/ supply (18%), and fatigue feeling was comparatively reduced at high-rate O/Sub 2/ (30%). The sleepiness also showed the tendency to be reduced at high-rate O/Sub 2/ supply in the case of driving for 1 hour or more. The time for reaction to braking after the sign for urgent stop is given tends to show more substantial reduction at high-rate O/Sub 2/ supply than at low-rate O/Sub 2/ supply after 2 hours driving. It can, therefore, be deduced from the aforesaid results that the subjective responses and behavioral reactions tend to show reduced fatigue at the condition of high-rate O/Sub 2/ supply. Hence, it was suggested that drivers felt subjective fatigue while driving at low-rate O/Sub 2/ and the subjective fatigue and reaction time were reduced at high-rate O/Sub 2/. These findings suggest that the oxygen supply will reduce driver fatigue.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.64 no.6
• /
• pp.433-438
• /
• 2008

Background: Measurement of the maximum oxygen uptake in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been used to determine the intensity of exercise and to estimate the patient's response to treatment during pulmonary rehabilitation. However, cardiopulmonary exercise testing is not widely available in Korea. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is a simple method of measuring the exercise capacity of a patient. It also provides high reliability data and it reflects the fluctuation in one' s exercise capacity relatively well with using the standardized protocol. The prime objective of the present study is to develop a regression equation for estimating the peak oxygen uptake ($VO_2$) for men with moderate to very severe COPD from the results of a 6MWT. Methods: A total of 33 male patients with moderate to very severe COPD agreed to participate in this study. Pulmonary function testing, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and a 6MWT were performed on their first visits. The index of work ($6M_{work}$, 6-minute walk distance [6MWD]${\times}$body weight) was calculated for each patient. Those variables that were closely related to the peak $VO_2$ were identified through correlation analysis. With including such variables, the equation to predict the peak $VO_2$ was generated by the multiple linear regression method. Results: The peak $VO_2$ averaged $1,015{\pm}392ml/min$, and the mean 6MWD was $516{\pm}195$ meters. The $6M_{work}$ (r=.597) was better correlated to the peak $VO_2$ than the 6MWD (r=.415). The other variables highly correlated with the peak $VO_2$ were the $FEV_1$ (r=.742), DLco (r=.734) and FVC (r=.679). The derived prediction equation was $VO_2$ (ml/min)=($274.306{\times}FEV_1$)+($36.242{\times}DLco$)+($0.007{\times}6M_{work}$)-84.867. Conclusion: Under the circumstances when measurement of the peak $VO_2$ is not possible, we consider the 6MWT to be a simple alternative to measuring the peak $VO_2$. Of course, it is necessary to perform a trial on much larger scale to validate our prediction equation.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 2017

Objectives : Little is known about the influence of urinary incontinence and depression on individual's QOL(Quality of life). We aimed to clarify how the interaction between urinary incontinence and depression influences one's QOL. Methods : A total of 1262 patients were enrolled in this study from April, 2011 to July, 2011. We estimated the severity of depressive symptoms and QOL, using SGDS-K, EQ-5D. We also investigated the morbidity of urinary incontinence for each patient in person or by questionnaire. Comparisons of QOL between groups with or without depression, with or without urinary incontinence were established using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc analysis. The interaction between urinary incontinence and depression was analyzed by each domain of QOL, using multiple regression analysis. Results : Patients with depression and urinary incontinence showed significantly higher EQ-5D scores on every domain of QOL than other patients, which means significantly lower QOL. Patients with depression, no urinary incontinence reported lower QOL, especially in the domain of 'usual activity', 'anxiety' and 'visual analogue scale(VAS)', whereas those with urinary incontinence, no depression showed lower QOL in 'motility', 'usual activities' and 'pain' domain. Statistically significant interaction effects of two diseases were observed in the domain of 'VAS', 'self care' and 'anxiety'. Conclusions : Comorbidity of urinary incontinence and depression showed significantly lower QOL of patients, compared with urinary incontinence or depression respectively, which implies additive interaction effects of the two diseases. Optimal diagnosis and treatment of depression should be emphasized for patients with urinary incontinence.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.46-65
• /
• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this research is to find clinical effects of application of weighted vest during task-oriented training focused on gross motor performance and balance abilities of children with spastic diplegia. Methods : 34 subjects were divided by simple random sampling into two groups; experimental group (male : 9, female : 8, average age : 8.12) and placebo group (male : 9, female : 9, average age : 7.53). Both two groups underwent to 40 minute intervention, twice a week for 12 weeks. The intervention was task-oriented training focused on facilitating closed kinematic chain and multi-joint functional movement pattern. During the training, the experimental group received loaded-resistance weighted vest and placebo group also received weighted vest but without loaded-resistance. Participants in both groups underwent 8 to 10 reps of the task-oriented training and there were 3 minutes break time between tasks. There were pre-test of gross motor performance and balance abilities, and two times of post-tests were performed upon 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the intervention completed. And in final, an additional follow-up test was performed 12 weeks after the evaluation was finished in order to find any difference between the two groups over time. Results : There was significant difference in Gross Motor Performance Measure (GMPM) between two groups. It is found that average score of the experimental group increased more than the placebo group after 6 weeks and 12 weeks intervention (p<.05). There was significant difference in Pediatric Berg's Balance Scale (PBS) between two groups. It is found that average score of the experimental group increased more than the placebo group after 6 weeks and 12 weeks intervention (p<.05). Conclusion : Based on the results in this study, it is proposed that application of weighted vest into task-oriented training to facilitating closed kinematic chain and multi-joint movement can improve gross motor performance and balance abilities of children with cerebral palsy.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2004

The structure of sensibility from motion was developed for the purpose of understanding relationship between sensibilities and physical factors to apply it to dynamic visual display. Seventy adjectives were collected by assessing adequacy to express sensibilities from motion and reporting sensibilities recalled from dynamic displays with achromatic color. Various motion displays with a moving single dot were rated according to the degree of sensibility corresponding to each adjective, on the basis of the Semantic Differential (SD) method. The results of assessment were analyzed by means of the factor analysis to reduce 70 words into 19 fundamental sensibilities from motion. The Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) technique constructed the sensibility space in motion, in which 19 sensibilities were scattered with two dimensions, active-passive and bright-dark Motion types systemically varied in kinematic factors were placed on the two-dimensional space of motion sensibility, in order to analyze important variables affecting sensibility from motion. Patterns of placement indicate that speed and both of cycle and amplitude in trajectories tend to partially determine sensibility. Although color and motion affected sensibility according to the in dimensions, it seemed that combination of motion and color made each have dominant effect individually in a certain sensibility dimension, motion to active-passive and color to bright-dark.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.134-141
• /
• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study was investigating the differences in temperament, personality, and cognitive function among athletes and non-athletes, as well as differences within athlete groups participating in different-paced sports like baseball and basketball. Methods : A total of 57 professional basketball players, 51 professional baseball players, and 44 non-athletes subjected to temperament and characteristics inventory assessments and computerized neurocognitive function test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyze the average differences in demographic characteristics, temperament, personality traits, and cognitive functions among the three groups, followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests. Comparisons between starters and non-starters within the athlete groups were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results : In the analysis of temperament, the basketball and baseball player groups exhibited higher reward dependence and persistence compared to the control group. Additionally, in the assessment of personality traits, both basketball and baseball player groups scored higher in self-directedness and cooperativeness compared to the control group, whereas self-transcendence scores were lower. In cognitive ability assessments, baseball and basketball players outperformed the control group in emotional perception tests. Both baseball and basketball players showed lower card movement counts compared to the control group. Conclusions : This study compared the differences in temperament, personality, and cognitive abilities between professional basketball and baseball players and non-athletes. These results provide valuable insights into the temperament, personality, and cognitive abilities of professional athletes, contributing important information for athlete development and coaching goals in the future.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.56-74
• /
• 1995

The authors applied ADDES-HV parent evaluation scale for the purpose of screening test to 538 2nd grade elementary school students from March 1994 to May. The results were as follows: There was no differences in scores of ADHD between schools. In comparing the male and female between three school students, male students showed signifieant high scores (p<0.05) than female students in the score of ADDES-HV subscale and total. There was no significant differences in ADDES-HV scale between male students and female students in both ADHD patients and normal controls. In reliability test for test and retest, the reliability coefficient was higher satisfatorily and that of inattention was 0.80, inpulsivity was 0.69, hyperactivity was 0.63 and the total score was 0.82. In reliability test by internal consistancy, the Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficient of patient group was 0.85(p<0.05) and that of normal control was 0.84(p<0.05). The Concurrent validity between ADDES-HV scale and DSM-III-R scale was 0.57(p<0.05) in ADHD patient group and 0.84(p<0.05) in normal control group. In discriminant validity test between ADHD patient group and normal control, the ADHD patient group showed higher score(p<0.05). The total disciminant capacity of the patient group in ADDES-HV scale was 94.44%. When we regard the cut off point as standard deviation 1.5, the male student was 80 score and the female student was 69 score. In this point of view, ADDES-HV scale was proved to be the useful screening test tool for ADHD research and showed higher reliability and validity in applying to Korean subjects.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 12-weeks of movement training would increase the psoas major cross-sectional area (CSA) in senior men and women. Fifty eight men and women aged 65 to 80 years old ($69.6{\pm}3.7$, 30 male, 28 female) were divided into a control (n=19) and exercise group (n=39). Subjects were assessed before and after the training program for stature, body mass, and magnetic resonance imaging of the psoas major and the quadriceps muscle. The experimental group performed exercises using machines designed to improve the movement of the hip at a frequency of twice every week, with a total of 23 trainings in 12-weeks. Magnetic resonance images of both thighs and the abdomen and psoas major were obtained, aimed at 50% of the length of the greater trochanter and the lower edge of the femur and between the fourth (L4) and fifth (L5) lumbars. A 9.4% increase in the psoas major CSA in the training group was observed. In the male and female breakdown, a 11.5% and 8.4% change was observed in males and females, respectively. In the quadriceps, there was no significant statistical improvement in either males or females. Furthermore, in the control group, there was no significant change seen in either the psoas major or the quadriceps. As a result of conducting training that enables upkeep of posture and smooth linkage of the lumbar spine, the pelvis and thighbone, the psoas major CSA of older adults were improved in a short period of time. For this reason, the possibility of improving the psoas CSA, which decreases remarkably with increased age, by improving the linkage of the body trunk is also suggested.