• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.303-325
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• 2015

The latest slogan put forth by the international space community is the safety, security, and sustainability of outer space activities. The security of outer space activities, in particular, would be defined as the secure state from space-based threats. The latter comprises passive threats (such as collision with other satellites and space debris) and aggressive threats (such as electromagnetic interference, arms race on the earth or in outer space, and military attacks). Has outer space been used for military purposes in practice? If so, does international law regulate the military space activities it? The use of outer space for military purposes is referred to as space militarization and space weaponisation. Satellites has been used in Gulf War, Kosovo War, and Afghan War, recently, and research and development on space weapons are under way. Since only the placement of weapons of mass destruction on orbit around the earth is prohibited in accordance with 1967 Outer Space Treaty, it may be asked whether other weapons may be placed on orbit. It will be necessary to analyze the stance of on the above question, by studying UN space-related treaties including UN Charter. New international space norms represented by PPWT, ICoC, and UN GGE Report are at the center of progressive development of international law. In conclusion, the author will signpost the various points on international norms to be codified on the use of outer space for military purposes.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.159-234
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• 2005

As so clearly have been demonstrated in the Gulf War and Iraq Freedom Fight, along with the civilian space exploration and development, the 'militarization' of aerospace technology and the 'battlefield-worthiness' of space are becoming more and more at issue. Korean peninsula, the last major theatre where the 4 world powers' national interests stand face to face, no doubt is in dire need for understanding and organizing necessary legislations for establishing national security from any space threats, such as satellite imaging, as well as countering against such threats. Compare to United States, Japan and China that have already declared the national security as the purpose of the space development, and equipped themselves with necessary legislations, Korea's legislations fall short of fully appreciating and effectively responding to the significance of military use of outer space and its control. This article will review legislations of leading countries' of space law and space technologies from two different perspectives. After briefly summarizing the problems of Korea's current legislations, particularly with the National Space Development Act (proposal), drafted by Ministry of Science and Technology, in mind, this article reviews and offers certain legislative directions to which Korea should pursuel for national security of outer space.

• Defense and Technology
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• no.6 s.292
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• pp.28-35
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• 2003

현재 우리나라는 군사적 용도의 우주전력은 전무한 실정이나, 군사차원에서 1992년 최초롤 우리별 1호를 발사한 이후 꾸준히 연구 개발을 해온 결과 현재는 세계에서 23번째 실용 위성 보유국이 되었으며, 2015까지 세계 10위권 위성보유국 대열에 진입하기 위한 국가 우주개발 중장기 계획을 수립하여 적극적으로 추진해 나가고 있다. 따라서 군에서도 주변국의 우주개발에 대한 경쟁에 뒤지지 않고 21섹이의 한반도 주변 전략환경을 우리에게 유리하게 진행시키기 위해서는 무엇보다도 우주의 군사력 활용이 필요하며 우주전력을 이용한 작전능력의 신장, 우주전력의 지원, 우주전투 능력 확보를 위한 장기적인 우주계획을 수립하는 등 군 우주분야의 발전이 절실히 요구되고 있다.

• Aerospace Industry
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• v.76
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• pp.44-52
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• 2001

본고는 세종대학교 기계항공우주공학부 교수이자 세종-록히드마틴 우주항공연구소 소장인 이경태 교수와 동 대학 항공우주공학과 이기학 대학원생이 UAV 총론 및 국내 UAV연구개발 방향을 내용으로 함께 발표한 논문으로 이번회는 마지막회로 민수분야 UAV 시장의 잠재성, UAV 제작회사 현황. UAV 시장확대를 위한 과제 등의 내용을 중심으로 소개한다

• Aerospace Industry
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• v.75
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• pp.42-47
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• 2001

본고는 세종대학교 기계항공우주공학부 교수이자 세종-록히드마틴 우주항공연구소 소장인 이경태 교수와 동대학 항공우주공학과 이기학 대학원생이 ''''UAV 총론 및 국내 UAV 연구개발 방향''''을 내용으로 함께 발표한 논문으로 앞으로 3~4회에 걸쳐 UAV 정의와 종류, UAV의 다양한 임무와 효용성, 군사적 목적으로의 UAV 활용, 민수분야 UAV 시장의 잠재성, UAV 제작회사 현황, UAV 시장확대를 위한 과제순으로 내용을 소개한다.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.127-152
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• 2020

Despite growing international cooperation for maintenance of international peace and security, wars continue to occur due to conflicted state interests. Continuing conflicts has advanced development of various weapon systems such as global integrated intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. However, with a big increase in the number of civilian casualties caused by the weapon systems development, the international community has also advanced diplomatic efforts to minimize deaths of civilian and military personnel. Therefore, it is essential to observe the principle of discrimination between combatants and non-combatants when operating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), better known as drones. Drones have become more capable of distinguishing combatants from non-combatants due to its high-tech prowess. In the operation of drones, any parties involved in combat or the war are responsible for mounting civilian casualties. In addition, it should comply with the principle of proportionality that calls for a balance between results of such action and expected military advantage anticipated from the attack. The rule of proportionality prohibits use of military force which may be expected to cause excessive civilian harm. Drones have been able to track and monitor targets for hours and select the accurate locations of the targets. The aim is to reduce civilian losses and damage to a minimum. Drones meet the standards of Article 51.4 of the Additional Protocol.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2022

In recent years, the space sector has been changing rapidly. The militarization of outer space is openly underway. On the other hand, space commercialization by private capital called "Newspace" is emerging in the U.S. Additionally, the Artemis project, a manned space moon exploration project, is being resumed 50 years after the end of the Apollo program. Eventually, the commercial use of space resources is actively being discussed. Due to the rapidly developing space technologies, the U.N. Space Treaty, enacted in 1967, has established the norms and principles of space activities. However, it may be nearing the end of its life. To confront the challenges of a new space era, Korea must engage in various legal and policy studies to meet these changes.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.397-401
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• 2023

The study presents milestones for the Korean military to win the future battlefield based on the 4th Industrial Revolution. Chapter 1 deals with the necessity of research on how advanced countries operate industrial technology in the defense sector based on the 4th Industrial Revolution. Chapter 2 examines the current technology status of the 4th Industrial Revolution in Korea and the concept of Korean combat. Chapter 3 analyzes the military robotic technology of advanced military countries through examples of unmanned combat robots in the United States, Israel, and Germany. In the end, in future battles, it will be possible to dominate the battlefield only by taking a leap into a super-connected and super-intelligent military based on a high-tech platform. Our military should also research and develop military robotics in accordance with the characteristics of each combat system, and further expand and develop the concept of combat performance to protect our core capabilities and centers from enemy cyber, electronic warfare, and space attacks.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.590-598
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• 2019

Today, satellites are widely used in many fields like communication and image recoding. The image acquired by satellites contains variety information of wide region. Therefore, they are used for agriculture, resource exploitation and management, and military purpose. The satellite is required to acquire images effectively in a given time period. Because the period that satellites can acquire images is very restrictive. In this study, the modeling of processing time and attitude maneuvering for satellite image acquisition is performed. From this modeling, mission planning algorithm using heuristic evaluation function is suggested and performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by numerical simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.971-980
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• 2021

Recently popularized drone technologies have revealed that low-cost small unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) can be a significant threat to prevailing power by operating in group or in swarms. Researchers in many countries have tried to utilize integrated swarm unmanned aerial system(SUAS) in the battlefield. Agency for Defense Development also identified four core technologies in developing SUAS: swarm control, swarm network, swarm information, and swarm collaboration, and the authors started researches on swarm control and network technologies in order to be able to operate vehicle platforms as the first stage. This paper introduces design and integration of SUAS consisting of small fixed-wing UAVs, swarm control and network algorithms, a ground control system, and a launcher, with which swarm control and network technologies have been verified by flight tests. 19 fixed-wing UAVs succeeded in swarm flight in the final flight test for the first time as a domestic research.