• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2007

Backgrounds: Obesity and depression are serious health problem and also constitute cardiovascular disease risk factors. Some studies found an association between obesity and higher rates of depression in women but not in men. The current study examined the association between depressive symptoms and obesity, especially central obesity in Korean women. Methods : The participants were 4,609 Korean women aged 20-85 years. Each individual was assessed for the presence of obesity and central obesity using the criteria suggested by WPRO(World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific). Depressive symptomatology was measured by Beck Depression Inventory(BDI). Results : In obese women, rate of depressed women is significantly higher compared normal group(27.6% VS. 23.2%, p<0.01). The rates of depressed women is higher in women who had central obesity(26.9% VS. 22.7%, p<0.01). Depressed women had higher rates of central obesity(93.2% VS.86.9%, p<0.01). Conclusion Our findings show obesity especially central obesity is associated with depressed women and suggests that further investigation for interaction between depression and obesity is needed.

• 건강소식
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• v.31 no.1 s.338
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• pp.28-29
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• 2007

파킨슨병은 손 떨림과 함께 행동이 느려지고 몸이 굳어지며, 보행이 느려지고 보폭이 짧아지며 자세가 불안해지는 것을 특징으로 하는 퇴행성 뇌질환이다. 파킨슨병의 가장 초기 증상은 비특이적으로 전신 위약감이나 피로감, 권태감 등이 있을 수 있는데 이럴 때는 병으로 인식하지 못하는 경우가 많고, 또 진단을 내리기도 어렵다. 좀 더 특징적인 증상들로는 휴식 상태에서의 손떨림이 가장 흔하며, 대화 시 발음 혹은 억양의 변화, 누웠을 때 혹은 보행 중 방향 바꾸기가 어렵다거나 걸을 때 팔의 흔들림이 줄어드는 증상들이 있을 수 있다. 이 외에도 걸음을 시작할 때 어려움을 느끼거나 의자에 앉거나 일어서기가 어렵고 글씨체가 작아진다든가 우울증, 침 흘리는 증상 등이 초기 증상으로 나타날 수 있다. 파킨슨병의 증상은 크게 일차적 증상과 이차적 증상으로 나눌 수 있는데 일차적 증상은 경직, 떨림, 몸의 움직임이 느리거나 줄어들고, 몸의 균형을 잡기 어렵거나 보행 장애 등의 증상들로서 흑색질의 신경세포 파괴로 생기는 직접적인 현상이다. 이차적 증상은 일차적 증상으로부터 파생되어 생기거나 흑색질 외의 다른 신경계의 침범에 의하여 생기는 증상들을 지칭한다.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2007

The pregnancy and postpartum period appear to be a time of heightened vulnerability for the development of major depression in some women. Postpartum depression affects 10% of women within a few weeks immediately postpartum. Postpartum depression is associated with disturbances in the mother-infant relationship, which in turn have an adverse impact on the course of child cognitive and emotional development. Depression during pregnancy is also common, although it has been relatively neglected. Psychopathological symptoms during pregnancy have physiological consequences for the fetus. Understanding the aetiology of perinatal depression requires integrating of multiple psychosocial and biological risk factors. The treatment of depressed pregnant women requires skilled decision making by psychiatrists. Risk-benefit analysis is appropriate method for intervention fur depression in pregnancy. Effective treatments for depression in pregnancy include psychotherapy, antidepressant medication and electroconvulsive therapy. In treatment of postpartum depression, the biological, psychological, and social interventions are included. Prescribing antidepressants(such as fluoxetine), estrogen in severe and chronic cases, and counselling can be effective for improving maternal mood and aspects of infant outcome. Ongoing research is directed to further elucidating neurohormonal and psychosocial contributions to depression during pregnancy or postpartum. Screening for risk factors and symptoms for depression need to be incorporated into antenatal and pediatric clinics.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.52
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• pp.143-170
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• 2003

This study investigated the effectiveness of the assessment of psychosocial treatment outcome in symptomatology and social functioning as rated by the depressed client's significant other in explaining the client's symptomatology and social adjustment at 6 and 12 month follow-up period after the 16-week psychosocial treatment was terminated. The data were drawn from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program of the U.S. Significant others of depressed clients have rarely participated in the assessment of treatment outcome, although they are major participants of the clients' daily life and have meaningful opportunities to observe the clients' functioning in different social situations. Thus, this study aimed to examine the explanatory power of the significant others' outcome assessment in depressive symptomatology and social functioning for the long-term outcome in symptomatology and social adjustment. The outcome measures used by the significant others were actual performance, expected performance, gap between actual and expected performance, and symptomatology drawn from the Katz Adjustment Scale-Relatives Form. Three major findings were: (1) in general, the posttreatment assessment by the significant other demonstrated stronger explanatory power of the follow-up status than the assessment rated at pretreatment in all of the four outcome domains; (2) the significant other's assessment of actual and expected performance at both pre- and posttreatment demonstrated significant explanatory power of the follow-up status in symptomatology and social/leisure and work adjustment; and (3) the significant other's assessment of social functioning at pretreatment improved the explanatory power over and above the explanation by symptomatology in the follow-up status of social/leisure and work adjustment; however, at posttreatment, symptomatology improved the explanation over and above social functioning more frequently in predicting both symptomatology and social/leisure and work adjustment. These findings suggest the effectiveness of the measures of symptomatology and actual and expected performance as assessed by significant others. The results imply that mental health professionals and researchers need to involve the depressed client's significant other in the treatment and make good use of their contribution in treatment planning and further intervention in the follow-up period to prevent relapse.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2015

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of depression for patients with tuberculosis(TB). Methods : A total of 57 patients with TB were recruited. All participants completed the Becks Depression Inventory-II for evaluating depressive symptoms. The risk factor for depression was analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. Nomogram was performed for probability of depression. Results : Low body mass index(BMI, OR 0.801, 95% CI 0.65, 0.98), interruption of treatment for TB(OR 5.908, 95% CI 1.19, 29.41), past history of depression(OR 24.653, 95% CI 1.99, 308.44) were associated with increased risk for depression. The calibration curve for predicting probability of survival showed a good agreement between the nomogram and actual observation(Original C-index=0.789, bias corrected C-index=0.754). Conclusions : The result of the present study indicate that low BMI, interruption of treatment for TB, and past history of depression were risk factors for depression in patients with TB. The psychiatric intervention may be needed to prevent depression if the patients with TB have risk factor during treatment for TB.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.269-276
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• 2015

In order to examine the relationship between cholesterol level on serum and depression in Korean adults, this study used data of the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). 834 persons with depressive symptoms were selected as an index group and 3,317 persons without depressive symptoms as a control group, and odds ratios were calculated by multivariate logistic regression. As a result, odds ratio of depressive symptoms was higher in low LDL group (OR=6.435, 95% CI; 2,358-17.557) than in high LDL group adjusted after monthly income, marital status, period of education, occupation, smoking status, and physical activity. Etiopathogenic mechanism must be found by convergent study in the future.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.38
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• pp.68-99
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• 1999

In this study, the effectiveness of integrated group program for battered women in the shelters carried out and the program's effectiveness concentrating on the depression is evaluated. The integrated group program was developed based on the National Family Violence Survey and other studies about battered women's characteristics. The major outcomes of the study are following. First, depression score of the test group(N=10) in comparison with the comparison group(N=18) decrease with statistical significance. Second, among the sub-symptoms of depression, the symptoms of affective, cognitive, and behavioral depression significantly decrease. These findings show that an integrated program is needed to improve battered women's mental health; it includes not only a mental health intervention but many other services such as family violence education, communication training, social support networking, economic independence improvement and child rearing.

• Bioinformatics and Biosystems
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 2006

Depression is the most common and widespread mood disorder. About 20% of the population might suffer a major, incapacitating episode of depression during their lifetime. This disorder can be classified into two types: major depressive disorders and bipolar disorder. Since pharmaceutical treatments are different according to types of depression disorders, correct and fast classification is quite critical for depression patients. Yet, classical statistical method, such as minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI), have some difficulties in applying to depression patients, because the patients suffer from concentration. We used electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis method fer classification of depression. We extracted nonlinearity of information flows between channels and estimated approximate entropy (ApEn) for the EEG at each channel. Using these attributes, we applied two types of data mining classification methods: decision tree and possibilistic support vector machines (PSVM). We found that decision tree showed 85.19% accuracy and PSVM exhibited 77.78% accuracy for classification of depression, 30 patients with major depressive disorder and 24 patients having bipolar disorder.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.33-54
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• 2017

This narrative-based study explored the extent to which acculturation level, health condition and SES influence depressive symptoms mediated or moderated by perceived respect of Korean-American older adults in the Chicago metropolitan and its suburban area. For the purpose of the study, qualitative interviews were performed and obtained robust data from 2 focus groups, 2 in-depth interviews. This study produced results by ATLAS. ti,. Qualitative analysis revealed that acculturation could influence depressive symptoms and that depressive symptoms could also be associated with hope and communication. These findings suggested that services given by service providers need to focus on communication and respect of the older Korean-American immigrants' self-determination, for they depend on it greatly when faced with the sufferings from various depressive mood changes in adjusting to new residences.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2016

Objectives : The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale-Revised is a recently revised scale which has been reported as a valid tool for the assessment of depressive symptoms. It encompasses cardinal symptoms of depression described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, fourth edition. In this study, we assessed the reliability, validity and psychometric properties of the Korean version of the CESD-R(K-CESD-R). Methods : Forty-eight patients diagnosed as major depressive disorder, dysthymia, depressive disorder NOS according to the DSM-IV criteria using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and 48 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. They were assessed with K-CESD-R, K-MADRS, PHQ-9, KQIDS-SR, STAI to check cross-validation. Statistical analyses were performed using calculation of Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient, Principal Component Analysis, ROC curve and optimal cut-off value. Results : The Cronbach's alpha of K-CESD-R was 0.98. The total score of K-CESD-R revealed significantly high correlations with those of K-MADRS, PHQ-9, KQIDS-SR(r=0.910, 0.966 and 0.920, p<0.001, respectively). Factor analysis showed two factors account for 76.29% of total variance. We suggested the optimal cut-off value of K-CESD-R as 13 according to analysis of the ROC curve which value sensitivity and specificity both equally. Conclusions : These Results showed that the K-CESD-R could be a reliable and valid scale to assess depressive symptoms. The K-CESD-R is expected as a useful and effective tool for screening and measuring depressive symptoms not only in outpatient clinic but also epidemiologic studies.