• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

Four tetraploid mulberry lines, Sawonppon No.11, No.13 and No.14, were induced by the colchicine treatment on the shoot tips of seedlings originated from the cross between Yongchonppong and Kaeryanppong. The major characteristics of the tetraploid lines were as follows: Green tip sprouting stage was similar to Kaeryanppong, a medium budding variety. Leaves were medium- to large-sized cordate type. Leaf surface was rougher and stronger than that of the diploid parents. Leaf thickness, leaf area weight and leaf water content were higher than those of the diploid parents. Average branch length was shorter than that of the diploid parents. Internode length and number of lateral branches were similar to the average values of the two parents. Death atop rate of branch was 1.6%~2.5% indicating strong cold-hardiness of the tetraploid lines. Therefore, these lines could be used as sources of cold-hardiness in developing triploid lines.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.128-128
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• 2018

하구는 강이 흘러 바다로 유입되는 지역으로 강의 담수와 바다의 염수가 만나는 강의 하류에 형성되며 지형, 담수의 유입, 해수의 조석 등에 의해 염분분포가 변화 하는 특성을 가진다. 또한 하구에 형성되는 하구역은 조수 간만의 차로 인한 상하운동이 일어남으로 인해 염분 농도는 0.5~30 ‰로 매우 광범위하게 나타난다. 하구는 해수가 미치는 최대 경계인 감조역과 해수와 담수가 혼합되는 기수역이 나타나며, 하구에서의 염분의 변화는 동 식물의 생존 및 분포, 수자원 확보 및 관리, 구조물 설치 등 공학적 분야에서도 매우 중요하다. 또한, 염수쐐기와 조석의 영향으로 하구의 수층에서는 담수 및 염분분포가 지점에 따라 다르게 형성이 되기 때문에 하천 수질측정 시 염수에 의해 대표성이 결여될 수 있다. 본 연구는 바다로 유입되는 수영강을 대상으로 염분분포의 특성을 고려하여 중권역 대표지점으로서의 적합성을 판단하고자 하였다. 수영강은 부산 용천산에서 발원하여 회동수원지를 거쳐 온천천과 합류하여 남해로 유입된다. 수영강에 위치한 좌수영교와 수영교에서 조석 간만의 차가 뚜렷하게 나타날 수 있는 대조기와 소조기에 연직 염분분포를 분석하여 하천수질 측정지점의 대표성을 판단하고자 하였다. 만조에서 간조로 수위가 변화 할 때 표층의 담수층이 옅어지는 현상을 보이며 소조기 보다 대조기에서의 담수층 변화 폭이 커지며 수질측정 시 고려하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.56-69
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• 2004

We investigated the distribution and geomorphic development of alluvial fan in Gyeongju City including Cheonbuk area. According to a relative height to a river bed, alluvial fans of this area are divided into Higher surface, Middle surface, and Lower surface. As alluvial fans of Bulguk temple∼Ulsan bay area, the confluent fans in Cheonbuk and Gyeongju areas were formed by the Quaternary climatic change alternating glacial and interglacial stages, and the development of N-S and NW-SE fault lines. The Gyeongju alluvial fan, the largest in Korea, has been provided as the significant space for human activity since the prehistoric age. Bukcheon river formed the Gyeongju alluvial fan had not flowed over during the prehistoric and the ancient times. In contrast with general geomorphic characteristics, many springs in the Gyeongju alluvial fan are located in the middle part of the fan because ground water reaches to the surface. It is supposed that sedimental materials were not sufficiently piled up at lower reach of Bukcheon river due to the large deposits at upper and middle reach of the basin.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1995

The fertilities of indigenous and cultivated mulberry species(varieties) which were polli nated with Morus nigra L. brought from Turkey were investigated. The percentage of ripening sorosis was very high in indigenous species, Morus tiliaefolia Makino and cultivated variety, Keomseolppong and it was around 50% in both Daeryukppong and Cheongilppong However, the flowers of Morus bombycis Koidz. (BOM5-8) and Yongcheonppong fell after pollination. Looking at the sizes of seeds, they are also various. Generally, it was extremely small in Morus tiliaefolia, but it was medium in Keomseolppong, Cheongilppong and Daeryukppong. The fertilization percentage was generally low with 32-42% in the varieties, but it was comparatively high in Keomseolppong and Morus tiliaefolia. The seed germination percentages of Daeryukppong and Morus tiliaefolia are 88.0% and 23.6%, respectively, but it was below 2% in Cheongilppong and Keomseolppong. The cross success percentages are 14.2% and 8.0% in Daeryukppong and Morus tiliaefolia, respectively, but it was below 0.3% in Cheongilppong and Keomseolppong.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.165-175
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare Taebaek(SP3) Sinmun(HT7), Daedon(LR 1) Yongcheon(KI1) on the Blood Pressure in Hypertensive RAT induced by 2K1C. Methods : This experiments was to investigate the effects of Herbal-Acupuncture at Taebaek(SP3) Sinmun(HT7), Daedon(LR1) Yongcheon(KIl) on the Blood Pressure, Cardiomegalic index, plasma levels of renin, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP), serum levels of potassium, and serum levels of aldosterone in Hypertensive RAT induced by 2KlC. Results : The results were as follows. I. Blood Pressure was decreased significantly after Herbal-Acupuncture of Taebaek(SP3) Sinmun(HT7), Daedon(LR1) Yongcheon(KI1). II. Cardiomegalic index was decreased significantly after Herbal-Acupuncture of Daedon(LRl) Yongcheon(KI1). III. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) was increased significantly after Herbal-Acupuncture of Taebaek(SP3) Sinmun(HT7), Daedon(LRl) Yongcheon(KIl). IV. Plasma levels of renin was decreased significantly after Herbal-Acupuncture of Taebaek(SP3) Sinmun(HT7), Daedon(LRl) Yongcheon(KI1). Conclusion : These results suggest that Blood pressure was decreased significantly after Herbal-Acupuncture of Daedon(LRl) Yongcheon(KI1) in Hypertensive RAT induced by 2K1C.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the characteristic of this study is of attitudinal variation of water quality for nine representative springs in the Halla mountain region. The evolutional processes of the spring water also have been studied. Results of hydrogeochemical analyses show that Gwaneumsa spring is very high in pH. The spring waters from Yungsil, Namguksunwon, Sungpanark Oremok and Gwaneumsa which springs situated lower than 1000m in altitude are relatively high concentrations in chloride, sulphate, nitrate nitrogen and sodium ions, indicating that they are affected by surrounding pollution sources. The concentrations of bicarbonate, sulphate and hydrogen ions in spring waters increase when the precipitation increases, whereas the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, chloride and calcium ions decrease with increasing amounts of precipitation. The magnesium, sodium and electrical conductivity are nearly independent of the precipitation. The spring waters in the Halla mountain region belong to the groups of sodium or potassium type and bicarbonate type, except the Baegrogdam and Wiseorm spring water.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of low level laser treatment (LLLT) on the gait behavior in the rat model of arthritis. Methods : Knee arthritis was induced by the injection of $125{\mu}l$ of Complete Freund's Adjuvant(CFA) into the right hind knee joint cavity. Arthritic rats were divided 3 groups; arthritis group was used for control(CON), 10 min of laser treated group(LSR10), and 30 min of laser treated group(LSR30). LLLT was applied to KI 1 for 11 times under gaseous anesthesia. We performed several analyses under catwalk test including stand and swing time, duty cycle of paw steps, intensity and print area of steps, and stride length. Results : Stand and duty cycle of paw steps were increased significantly at 12 days after arthritis induction in LSR30 group. Swing time was decreased significantly at 12 days after arthritis induction in LSR10 group. In the analysis of intensity, print area and stride length, however, results did not show statistical significance during the time point of experiments. Conclusions : The data suggest that LLLT on the rat model of CFA induced arthritis showed beneficial effects by increase of stand time and duty cycle of paw steps and decrease of swing time. Therefore, LLLT could be useful option to improve gait discomfort in arthritis patients.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.727-737
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• 1992

The water chemical characteristics and age dating of springwater in Cheju island had been investigated. C_1, C_4, C_7, C_9 springwaters were not affected by seawater intrusion by TDS and electrical conductivity, relationship of Cl and tritium, Cl and HCO_3 ratio, and total hardness and pseudo hardness. In this case only C_7 springwater was evaluated tasty and healthy mineral springwater by Hahimoto's Mineral Balance Index. On the basis of the mean tritium content of rainfalls and springwater, the average residence time of it, were calculated. Considering the hydrogeologic and hydrochemical condition, completely mixed model seems to be very fit. It was obtained the result that C_9 group springwater (C_{10}, C_{12}, C_{14}) was 1.2 months, C_7 springwater was 5.6 months, and deep groundwater C_{17} was 4 years.

• Atmosphere
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 2010

Carbon isotopic compositions of the YC-2 stalagmite in Yongcheon Cave were analyzed to delineate paleoclimatic variations near Korean peninsula for the past historical period. The YC-2 stalagmite is about 68 mm long and annual growth laminae are distinctively identified. Because the number of growth laminae is at least 242, the stalagmite can be estimated to be at least 241 years old. At about 15 mm from the bottom, one thick brown growth lamina is observed, and this lamina was likely to have been formed when the stalagmite ceased to grow, making the hiatus. High resolution, carbon isotope data indicate past fluctuations of East Asia monsoonal intensity (intimately related to the amount of precipitation). Based on the carbon isotope trend, the stalagmite can be divided into three stages (Stages I, II and III). The highest carbon isotopic compositions of Stage I (${\delta}^{13}C$=-3.3~0.4‰, PDB) indicate that the stalagmite grew during the Little Ice Age when cold and dry climate prevailed with less vegetation. Stage II is characterized by a transitional period from cold and dry to warm and wet climate with a increasing trend of carbon isotopic compositions (${\delta}^{13}C$=-9.6~-0.6‰) and this period indicates the weakening of the Little Ice Age climate. This decreasing trend also suggests that Little Ice Age was terminated near middle 1870's around Korean peninsula. Relatively low carbon isotopic compositions during Stage III (${\delta}^{13}C$=-11.0~-8.0‰) indicates that the climate was changed to warm and wet conditions which are similar to the present.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.25-35
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• 2023

This study aimed to classify spring types based on the hydrogeological characteristics of springs in Yongsu-ri~Hamo-ri coastal area in western part of Jeju Island. The springs in study area can be broadly categorized into three groups: perched groundwatrer springs (soil type), perched groundwater springs (sediment type), and basal groundwater springs. The perched groundwater springs of soil type correspond to springs where groundwater seeps out from the perched aquifer formed in the soil layer due to the development of clayey Kosan Formation beneath the surface. Because of the low hydraulic conductivity of soil layer, the average of spring discharge is less than 1 m³/day. The quality of spring water is significantly influenced by agricultural activities, resulting in high nitrate nitrogen concentrations and electrical conductivity. While the perched groundwater springs (sediment type) of the Suwolbong Tuff, which are located in the upper part of Kosan Formation, exhibited relatively higher discharge rates, their water quality was similar to soil-type springs. Basal groundwater springs are located in the zone of basal groundwater, mostly near the coastline. This type of spring appears to discharge of up to 3,707 m³, and the salinity content varies with the tidal fluctuations, especially increasing significantly during dry seasons.