• Title/Summary/Keyword: 용수이용량

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Estimation and comparison of reference evapotranspiration in the Han River basin by several methods (증발산량 산정방법에 따른 한강유역의 기준증발산량 산정 및 비교)

  • Kim, Chul-Gyum;Lee, Jeongwoo;Lee, Jeong Eun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2020.06a
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    • pp.259-259
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    • 2020
  • 증발산량은 수문학적으로는 강수량으로부터 지표 유출량과 지하수 함양량을 추정하는 등 전체 물수지를 해석하는데 있어서 매우 중요하며, 농업적 측면에서는 작물의 용수 수요량을 결정하는 중요한 인자이다. 그러나 증발산량의 직접적인 계측이 쉽지 않기 때문에 물수지 방법에 의한 간접적인 추정이나 관련된 기상자료를 이용한 경험적이고 물리적인 해석을 통해 산정하고 있다. 일반적으로 특정조건의 작물(기준작물)을 기준으로 가용수분이 충분한 상태에서 주어진 기상조건에 대해 기준증발산량을 산정하며, 여기에 대상작물별 특성이나 토양의 실제수분상태 등을 고려하여 실제증발산량을 추정하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한강권역을 대상으로 현재 가장 일반적으로 활용되고 있는 Penman-Monteith 방법을 비롯하여, Thornthwaite 방법, Hamon 방법, Priestly-Taylor 방법, Hargreaves-Samani 방법, Hansen 방법 등 총 6종의 기준증발산량을 산정하여 비교하였다. 각 방법에 필요한 기상자료는 한강권역 및 인근에 위치한 기상청 관할의 33개 ASOS 지점에 대한 60년간(1960~2019년)의 관측자료를 이용하였다. Penman-Monteith 방법에 의한 값을 기준으로 나머지 5가지 방법들에 의한 결과를 분석한 결과, 전반적으로 다른 방법들이 기준증발산량을 크게 산정하는 것으로 나타났으며, temperature-based 접근법인 Hamon과 Hargreaves-Samani에 의한 연평균 값은 Penman-Monteith 방법 대비 각각 28.5%, 19.3% 정도 크게 산정되었다. 특히 Hamon 방법에 의한 결과는 다른 방법과 비교하여 여름철에 크게 차이를 보였다. 반면 Hansen 방법은 상대적으로 Penmna-Monteith 방법과 가장 적은 편차를 나타내었다. 지역별로 분석했을 때는 서울/인천지역과 강원도 동해안 지역을 제외하고는 Penman-Monteith 방법 대비 다른 방법들의 기준증발산량이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 중권역별로는 Penman-Monteith 결과와 비교하여 -158 mm/yr 에서 최대 +307 mm/yr 정도의 편차를 나타내었으며, 월별로는 -13 mm에서 +73 mm의 편차가 나타났다.

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Stability Design of Steel Frames considering Initial Imperfection based on Second-Order Elastic Analysis (2차 탄성해석을 이용한 강뼈대구조의 초기결함 좌굴설계)

  • Kyung, Yong Soo;Lee, Chang Hwan;Kim, Moon Young
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.4A
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    • pp.465-474
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    • 2008
  • Generally design of frame structures composed of beam-column member is accomplished by stability evaluation of each member considering the effective buckling length. This study selects a member of the smallest non-dimension slenderness ratio using the buckling eigenvalue calculated by the elastic buckling eigen-value analysis and axial force of the each member, and decides the initial deflection quantity reflected geometric and material nonlinearities from a suggested equation on the base of standard strength curve of Korea Bridge Design Code. Second-order elastic analysis applying the initial deflection is executed and the stability of each member is evaluated and decides ultimate strength. Through examples of eight-stories and four-stories plane frame structures, the evaluation of the stability is compared with the existing method and ultimate strength of the suggested method is compared with ultimate strength by the nonlinear inelastic analysis. Through these procedures, the increasing of effective buckling length by elastic buckling eigenvalue analysis is prevented from a new design method that considers initial imperfections. And the validity of this method is proved.

Future Projection in Inflow of Major Multi-Purpose Dams in South Korea (기후변화에 따른 국내 주요 다목적댐의 유입량 변화 전망)

  • Lee, Moon Hwan;Im, Eun Soon;Bae, Deg Hyo
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.21 no.spc
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    • pp.107-116
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    • 2019
  • Multi-purpose dams in Korea play a very important role in water management such as supplying water for living, industrial water, and discharging instream flow requirement to maintain the functions of river. However, the vulnerability of dam water supply has been increased due to extreme weather events that are possible linked to climate change. This study attempts to project the future dam inflow of six multi-purpose dams by using dynamically downscaled climate change scenarios with high resolution. It is found that the high flows are remarkably increased under global warming, regardless of basins and climate models. In contrast, the low flows for Soyangang dam, Chungju dam, and Andong dam that dam inflow are originated from Taebaek mountains are significantly decreased. On the other hand, while the low flow of Hapcheon dam is shown to increase, those of Daecheong and Sumjingang dams have little changes. But, the low flows for future period have wide ranges and the minimum value of low flows are decreased for all dams except for Hapcheon dam. Therefore, it is necessary to establish new water management policy that can respond to extreme water shortages considering climate change.

A study on determining threshold level of precipitation for drought management in the dam basin (댐 유역 가뭄 관리를 위한 강수량 임계수준 결정에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Kyoung Do;Son, Kyung Hwan;Lee, Byong Ju
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.53 no.4
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    • pp.293-301
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    • 2020
  • This study determined appropriate threshold level (cumulative period and percentage) of precipitation for drought management in dam basin. The 5 dam basins were selected, the daily dam storage level and daily precipitation data were collected. MAP (Mean Areal Precipitation was calculated by using Thiessen polygon method, and MAP were converted to accumulated values for 6 cumulative periods (30-, 60-, 90-, 180-, 270-, and 360-day). The correlation coefficient and ratio of variation coefficient between storage level and MAP for 6 cumulative periods were used to determine the appropriate cumulative period. Correlation of cumulative precipitation below 90-day was low, and that of 270-day was high. Correlation was high when the past precipitation during the flood period was included within the cumulative period. The ratio of variation coefficient was higher for the shorter cumulative period and lower for the longer in all dam, and that of 270-day precipitation was closed to 1.0 in every month. ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) analysis with TLWSA (Threshold Line of Water Supply Adjustment) was used to determine the percentage of precipitation shortages. It is showed that the percentage of 270-day cumulative precipitation on Boryung dam and other 4-dam were less than 90% and 80% as threshold level respectively, when the storage was below the attention level. The relationship between storage and percentage of dam outflow and precipitation were analyzed to evaluate the impact of artificial dam operations on drought analysis, and the magnitude of dam outflow caused uncertainty in the analysis between precipitation and storage data. It is concluded that threshold level should be considered for dam drought analysis using based on precipitation.

Applicability of UV and UV/$H_2O_2$ Processes in the Control of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products and Microbiological Safety for Water Reuse (잔류 의약품류의 제거 및 미생물학적 안전성을 고려한 하수 재이용 기술로서의 UV 및 UV/$H_2O_2$ 공정의 적용성)

  • Kim, Il-Ho;Tanaka, Hiroaki
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.32 no.7
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    • pp.722-729
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    • 2010
  • Over the last decades, much consideration has been given to microbiological and chemical risks, especially when wastewater was reclaimed as water resources for urban water, irrigation water and recreational water etc. We investigated the performance of UV-based processes such as UV and UV/$H_2O_2$ for both the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) as an emerging chemical and the inactivation of pathogen with bench-scale experimental study. 38 kinds of PPCPs including antibiotics and analgesics were detected from secondary effluent used as tested water. Bench-scale experimental study showed that UV process would require considerable UV dose for the effective PPCPs removal. Contrarily, PPCPs removal efficiency significantly improved by the combination of $H_2O_2$ with UV even at a lower UV dose and, moreover, their removal efficiency increased with the increased initial $H_2O_2$ concentration. Besides naproxen (>89%), concentrations of all the investigated PPCPs decreased by more than 90% of their initial concentrations under $923\;mJ/cm^3$ of UV dose and 6.2 mg/L of $H_2O_2$. Previous studies showed that this operational condition could get 4~5 log inactivation for Total coliform, indicating that UV/$H_2O_2$ process will be appropriate to comply with the criteria of California Title 22 for Total coliform.

Installation Design of Landscape-use Artificial Channel for Sustainable Management -Focusing on the Water Volume and Equipment System of Streamlet in Jeonju and Wanju Innovation City- (계류형 수경시설의 지속가능한 운영·관리를 위한 설치방안 - 전주·완주 혁신도시 실개천 용량과 설비계통을 중심으로 -)

  • Oh, Chang-Song
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.113-127
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    • 2021
  • Although planning techniques linking parks, green areas, and waterways have become common, there are frequent disruptions in the operation and management of landscape-use artificial channels (LuAC). Therefore, this study examined a design to promote the sustainable management and operation of a LuAC using rainwater for the streamlets of the Jeonju-Wanju Innovative City. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, scenarios were set up by dividing the design into waterhead and waterway portions. First, the scenario regarding the waterhead was analyzed to calculate the water supply and storage required for the waterway and waterhead. The analysis showed that the waterway requires a water supply of 676.8 tons/months, 3,018 tons to 5,512 tons of storage space, and a water depth of 0.75 m to 1.37 m considering the ecological and landscape aspects. The second scenario is to select an effective system of facilities for the operation and management of the LuAC. To accomplish this, a single-circulation system (SCS), which transports water to a highland location was compared to a multi-circulation system (MCS), which supplied water separately to each water space and operated independently. The results showed that the MCS, which was operated independently by small power units, was more effective owing to the vast difference in water supply operation times.

Problems and Improvement Plans of River-Crossing Structures (하천횡단구조물의 문제점과 개선방안)

  • Kim, Ki Heung;Jung, Hye Ryeon
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2015.05a
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    • pp.568-572
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    • 2015
  • 하천횡단구조물은 하천을 횡단하는 시설물로, 크게 농업용수 취수용 보, 하도개수시 유속제어를 위한 낙차공 등을 들 수 있으며, 각각의 설치목적에 따라 그 형태와 설계제원(높이, 마루폭, 바닥보호공의 길이 등)이 다르나, 하천을 횡단하여 인공적인 구조물을 설치하는 형태는 동일하다. 따라서, 하천횡단구조물은 홍수시 배수위 영향으로 상류에 수위상승을 초래하여 하천의 치수 안전도를 저하시킬 뿐 아니라 직하류에서는 하상의 세굴에 의하여 호안 및 제방이 파괴되는 경우도 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 또한, 하천횡단구조물은 생태계의 이동통로로서의 종적 연속성을 차단하는 것이다. 즉 하천을 따라 거슬러 올라가는 소하성 어종(anadromous species)이나 하천에서 바다로 내려가는 강하성 어종(catadromous species)과 같은 회유성 어종의 이동을 차단하기도 하며, 회유성 어종 이외에도 치어와 성어의 성장환경이 다른 어종의 경우는 상 중 하류를 옮겨가며 성장하는 어종의 이동도 차단하고 있다. 하천횡단구조물은 치 이수적 측면에서 반드시 필요한 하천구조물로서 치수, 생태 및 경관의 측면에서 여러 가지 문제점을 가지고 있으나 지금까지는 어도설치나 기능을 상실한 보의 철거 등 소극적인 수준에 머무르고 있기에 적극적인 개선대책이 필요한 실정이다. 따라서, 하천횡단구조물로 인한 문제점을 파악하기 위하여 경남의 20개 시 군 684개의 지방 하천에 설치된 7,725개의 하천횡단구조물에 대한 전수조사를 실시하고, 구조형식, 높이, 재료, 어도 설치 여부, 세굴현황 등을 분석하였다. 하천횡단구조물의 용도별 구성비는 보가 49%, 낙차공이 51%로 나타났으며, 구조형식은 콘크리트 구조가 72%, 콘크리트 석재 구조가 25%, 석재 구조가 3%인 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 하천횡단구조물의 본체 높이별 구성비는 0.5m 이하가 14%, 0.5~1.0m가 35%, 1.0~1.5m가 34%, 1.5~2.0m가 10%, 2.0m 이상이 7%인 것으로 조사되었다. 어도 설치는 약 9%인 669개소에 설치되어 있었으나 대부분이 어류 등의 이용하는 생태통로 기능을 발휘할 수 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서, 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 하폭, 하상고, 하상경사, 굴입정도, 유사량 등의 하도특성 및 용수이용 여건 등을 고려하여 유공관을 이용한 지하보, 석재 아치의 원리를 이용한 계단식 자연형 보/낙차공, 부분 램프 설치, 거석 놓기 등의 개선방안을 제안하였다. 제안된 개선방안은 하천복원 및 하천개수 사업 시행시에 반영하여 합리적인 하천복원 및 관리에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

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Effect of Fertilizer Application Level considering Irrigation Water Quality on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Productivity and Agricultural Environment (관개수질을 고려한 시비가 벼의 생산성과 농업환경에 미치는 영향)

  • Uhm, Mi-Jeong;Park, Hyun-Cheol;Kim, Kab-Cheol;Ryu, Jeong;Choi, Joung-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 2004
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect on agricultural environment and crop productivity by different amount of applied fertilizer in consideration of irrigation water quality. N, P and K contents of irrigation water used in this experiment were 6.16, 0.26 and 9.37 mg/L, respectively. N, P and K Concentrations of runoff water were lower than those of inflow water during rice cultivation. N, P and K Concentrations of ponded and percolated water were changed according to the amount and time of applied fertilization. During rice cultivation in paddy soil, nitrogen balance was closed to 0 in SFT 50% (50% level of soil testing fertilization), 0.14 kg/ha, but it was 95.3 kg/ha in CF (conventional fertilization) treatment In SW 50% and STF (soil testing fertilization) treatment yield of perfect rice was not greatly different as compared with CF treatment due to the superiority of ripening rate, 1,000 grains weight and milling characteristics. Mechanical paratability of rice was excellent in NF (non fertilization) treatment, STF 50% treatment showed higher in nutrient availability and fertilizers use efficiency than other treatments.

Comparison and discussion of water supply and demand forecasts considering spatial resolution in the Han-river basin (분석단위 세분화에 따른 한강권역의 물수급 분석 비교 및 고찰)

  • Oh, Ji-Hwan;Kim, Yeon-Su;Ryu, Kyong Sik;Bae, Yeong Dae
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.52 no.7
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    • pp.505-514
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    • 2019
  • Our country is making efforts to manage water resources efficiently. In the future, It is necessary to develop a plan after subdividing the basin considering regional problems and water use, topographical and climatic characteristics. This study constructed water supply and demand system based on the standard watershed unit for water shortage evaluation considering spatial resolution. In addition, water shortage were calculated and compared using the MODSIM model in the Han-river basin. As a result, the average water shortage occurring during the 49 years (1967-2015) was 129.98 million $m^3$ for the middle watershed unit and 222.24 million $m^3$ for the standard watershed unit, resulting in a difference of about 2.1 billion m3. However, the trends and distribution of water shortage occurrence were very similar. The reason for this is that, in the case of the Middle watershed unit analysis, water shortages are calculated for the demand for living, industrial, and agricultural water for the representative natural flow value, assuming that all the water can be used in basin. The standard basin unit analysis showed that the difference between the fractionated supply and demand resulted in a large water shortage due to the relatively small amount of available water, and that the main stream did not show water shortage due to the ripple effect of the return flow. If the actual water use system is considered in the model as well as the subdivision of the spatial unit, it will be possible to evaluate the water supply and demand reflecting the regional characteristics.

Estimation of Raw Water Quality Improvement Benefit of Water Service Using WTP (지불의사를 이용한 상수도 원수수질개선 편익 산정)

  • Yeo, Kyul Dong;Yi, Choong Sung;Lee, Sang Won;Shim, Myung Pil
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.29 no.5B
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    • pp.419-427
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    • 2009
  • In existing studies about benefit of water quality improvement using WTP, the object of survey is described pre-policy water quality as "current water quality" and improved (post-policy) water quality as "boatable, fishable and swimmable". Multiply WTP by the number of households of basin is total benefit. The existing studies are not benefit of a specific water resource business but benefit of a policy on unsubstantial water resource business. Because of a lack of objectivity and oversimplification, it is difficult for survey respondents to understand an object of survey. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a benefit estimation methodology for raw water quality improvement in water resource development business. After conducting a survey of WTP of 1,000 housewives who is using water service in the National Capital region, the relational expression of water quality improvement (BOD) and WTP is derived by using statistical analysis of the survey. As a case study, the stream water quality improvement benefit of Song Li Won multipurpose dam was evaluated, which is planned to be built at the local secondary stream section on Nae Sung stream in Nak-Dong River system. As a result of study, annual average benefit evaluation is 5,980 million won on the average annual planned discharge, 8,663 million won on the planned discharge during the period except for wet season (July to October), 11,905 million won on the planned discharge during water quality declining period and 14,502 million won on the planned discharge during water quality declining period respectively. By using the relational expression of BOD-WTP, it is easy to estimate the benefit without regard for water quality.