• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.7-15
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• 2010

The walkway level of service (LOS) is conceptualized using pedestrian flow rate, speed, and density according to the Korean Highway Capacity Manual (KHCM). However, as it is based on the data of commuters at peak hours, it needs to be reevaluated considering various trip purposes and a pleasant pedestrian environment. Thus, the authors aimed to investigate and analyze the characteristics of each group: pedestrians during the peak hour and those during the non-peak hour. Then they were verified statistically for the walkway evaluation criteria. In this study, the authors investigated pedestrian speed and flow in a complex transit center walkway with diverse trip purposes by peak and non-peak hour. Then the authors statistically verified the differences between the groups. A model was built for estimating pedestrian density by speed and flow; it was used to calculate the walkway capacity (67.3p/m/m) corresponding to LOS E. The authors established new criteria for LOS, applying the LOS from the HCM. These standards can then be used as the design standards for pedestrian walkways.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1845-1854
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• 2007

기존의 철도용량의 개념은 하루동안 최대한 통과시킬 수 있는 최대 열차 횟수를 기본으로 하여왔다. 그러나 이러한 단순한 최대횟수는 그 사용상의 여러 가지 제한사항을 가지고 있다. 최대열차 운행횟수는 열차의 속도, 신뢰성등과 같이 고려하여야 하며, 이러한 고려는 자연스럽게 서비스수준과 같은 과거철도에서는 구체적으로 고려하지 않던 새로운 용량에 대한 접근을 요구하게 된다. 2004년에 세계철도연맹(UIC)에서 제안한 철도용량 산정절차는 이러한 측면에서 많은 점을 시사하고 있다. 새로운 절차의 한국의 지역간 철도에의 적용가능성을 검토해 본다. 본 연구에서는 2006년 11월 새로 개편된 경부선, 호남선의 열차시간표를 이용하여, 문제가 되고 있는 서울역${\sim}$시흥역 구간에 대해 UIC에서 새롭게 제시한 선로용량의 개념을 OpenTrack을 이용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 적용해보고, 이에 따라 선로 용량 산정시 적용할 수 있는 MOE를 찾아내 서비스수준(LOS)을 결정할 수 있는 방안을 제시해보고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 1985

1965년에 출판된 고속도로용량교범(Highway Capacity Manual)은 고속도로, 도시 및 지방도로의 용량과 서비스수준을 판단하는데 기본서 역할을 해왔다. 도시내 신호등이 있는 교차로의 서비스수준은 빈하율(load factor) 개념을 이용하여 산정해 왔다. 그러나 푸른신호 주기동안 차량의 교차로이용도를 기준으로 하는 빈하율 개념은 서비스 수준의 측정치로서 한계가 있고 또 그동안 신호체계가 많이 개선되었고 운전자의 통행행태가 크게 변화하여 1970년대 중반부터 한계통행분석법(Critical Movement Analysis)과 차량의 교차로지체시간 측정법(Intersection Delay)등과 같은 새로운 기법이 소개되었다. 본 논문은 최근에 많이 이 용되고 있는 교차로지체시간측정법의 유용성을 검증하기 위해 15개 교차로의 차량통행량을 기준으로 하여 V/C비를 계산하는 한계통행분석법에 의한 측정치와 비교, 분석하였다. 그 결 과 교차로의 서비스수준을 측정하는데 양자의 방법에 의한 측정치가 크게 다르지 않음을 발 견하였다. 즉 도시내 신호등이 있는 교차로시설을 개선하기 위해 대략적인 교차로 서비스수 준을 측정할 경우 조사인원 및 비용이 많이 소요되는 한계통행분석법보다 조사가 간편하고 비용이 적게 드는 교차로지체시간측정법이 유용함을 밝혔다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2003

In the Signalized Intersection, the capacity analysis is conducted with a large amount of input data such as road way, traffic and signal condition. but the level of service(LOS) is determined by delay estimated as a measure of effectiveness (MOE) based on this procedure. However, It is under the circumstances which are not considered for the errors caused by the uncertainty of input data in the field(the turing volumes, lane geometry, signal timing, grade of approach lane, percentage heavy vehicles, peak hour factor and arrival type etc.) as become the bases in the determination of the capacity and LOS. It includes the problem of reliability which is not verified for the capacity and LOS estimated. So, this study is to suggest the minimization of their influences by examining whether the uncertainty of input data such as the traffic volume, percentage of heavy vehicles and roadway geometry on the approach lane in the intersection under the study affects the capacity analysis and LOS determination.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1025-1032
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• 2017

In this paper, the level of service (LOS) is defined for high-speed railway links and rolling stocks. Based on this LOS, how to manage high-speed railway facility is also suggested. The LOS is divided into 6 levels from A to F. The measurement of effectiveness (MOE) for railway links is derived from the relationship between a total delay time and a railway link utilization ratio. Another MOE, volume over capacity (V/C), is also proposed. On the other hand, the LOS for high-speed railway rolling stocks is based on the density of people in a rolling stock. Above all, LOS D is defined to the total number of seats. Then, LOS A is 50% of the LOS D, LOS B is 70% of the LOS D, LOS C is 90% of the LOS D and LOS D~F is defined as the maximum seats and standing people at the level of each. Finally, a method to manage high-speed railway links and rolling stocks is proposed in order to keep the level of service at the target by the government.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.4 s.90
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• pp.129-148
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• 2006

The objective of this thesis is to develop a capacity analysis and to develop a methodology to evaluate Level of Service over the entire freeway sections by single MOE (Measure of Effectiveness) This study set forth from a following viewpoint. to analyze entire freeway sections as freeway facility system, it is important to identify the exact point where congestion would occur and the extent of the congestion. Therefore, in this thesis, congestion mechanism on freeways was figured out and congestion analysis methodology was developed. Thereby maximum possible throughput rate and maximum throughput rate in bottleneck sections were calculated and a congestion analysis was carried out. The difference between the new method and existing Procedures is that maximum possible throughput rate and maximum throughput rate. that can be considered as capacities of un-congested and congested flow in the bottleneck section, are variable capacities dependent on demand flow.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5D
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• pp.735-740
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• 2008

The Design manual for adjusting the capacity and LOS of facilities has been shared in urban railways and high-speed railway stations. However, the pattern of urban railways users and those of high-speed railway users are different from each other. For an example, the high-speed railway users tend to carry voluminous luggages and the transportation disadvantaged such as children and the elderlies. Accordingly, we see that the scale of facilities and the station itself should be constructed differently. The transfer facilities in the high-speed railway stations are classified widely into walking assisting facilities and convenient facilities. We invented the concept of PME (Pedestrian Moving Equivalent) and PWE (Pedestrian Waiting Equivalent)for the spatial calculation of those who are with wheeled luggages, back packs, and children to reflect the uniqueness of users in high-speed railway stations. These equivalents have been applied to the design of the facilities to asses the new Capacity and LOS that are users' favored.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

Pedestrian facilities encompass pedestrian roads, stairs, and queuing areas exclusively designed for pedestrian use. The Korean Highway Capacity Manual provides guidelines for analyzing the capacity and level of service of pedestrian facilities. However, there is a lack of analysis methods tailored specifically for pedestrian facilities. Therefore, in this study, we introduced a new standard of pedestrian space to account for changes in the Korean body ellipse. Furthermore, based on this newly defined pedestrian space, we proposed a new standard value for the level of service of queuing areas. The results of on-site surveys confirmed that the proposed level of service can effectively reflect the actual walking situation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.7 s.93
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• pp.115-128
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• 2006

The analytic methodology of a merging area in KHCM(2004) supposes that congestion nay occur when traffic demand is more than capacity However, in many cases, congestion on merging area occurs when summation of traffic demand of main line and ramp is less than capacity, and in present methodology analysis of how main line and ramp flow effect on congestion occurrence is difficult. In this study, the model that is able to estimate traffic flow condition on merging area in accordance with the combination of main line and ramp demand flow is developed. Main characteristic of the model is estimation of maximum possible throughput rate and maximum throughput rate according to the combination of main line and ramp demand flow. Through the estimation of maximum possible throughput rate and maximum throughput rate. it was Possible to predict whether congestion would occur or not and how much maximum throughput rate and congestion would be on merging area. On one hand, in present LOS evaluation methodology on merging area, congestion state is determined as un-congested flow if demand flow is less than capacity. Therefore, to establish more reasonable In evaluation method, new criterion of LOS evaluation on merging area was searched based on the model of this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.25-36
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• 1998

고속도로의 Tollgate는 상습 정체지역으로 개선방안이 시급히 요구되어진다. 이에 본 연구는 요금징수소 정체 해결의 기본자료로서 중요한 역할을 수행할 요금징수소의 평균 서비스시간 산정, 설계교통량 결정 및 서비스수준 결정 규정을 제시하였다. 연구방법으로는 공간적인 연구범위인 경주 Tollgate의 교통류 특성을 비데오 카메라로 촬영하여 이를 서비 스시간 측정기를 사용하여 포화서비스시간을 분석하였다. 이를 통하여 포화교통류율을 산정 하였고, 또한 중차량 포화서비스시간을 산정하여 중차량 보정 및 승용차 환산계수를 제시하 였다. 설문지 조사를 통한 운전자의 서비스수준 결정인자와 방법에 대해 조사하고 SPSS를 사용하여 분석하였다. 그리고 설계교통량 결정을 위해서 대기행렬대수 및 대기행렬 지속시 간을 매개변수로 하여 경제성 분석을 실시하였으며, 이를 통하여 게이트 수 결정 방법을 제 시하였다.