• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.186-191
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• 2000

요에 함유된 여러 성분들의 영향에 의해 다양한 정적 특성을 나타내는 요분석용 스트립의 화학적인 변화 양상을 요분석 시스템을 사용하여 요분석용 스트립의 각 항목별 각 등급별을 정성적 및 반정량적 분석을 하기 위하여 퍼지 알고리듬을 제안하고, 퍼지 분류기를 구현한 후 구현된 분류기를 검증하기 위하여 시뮬레이션 하였다. 이를 위하여 다음과 같은 연구를 수행하였다. 표준시료를 사용하여 요분석용 스트립의 분광학적 분석에 의한 퍼지 입력 변수, 퍼지 멤버쉽함수 및 퍼지규칙을 생성하였다. 그리고 구현된 분류기를 사용하여 각 항목별과 각 등급별로 평가하였다. 평가 결과 요분석용 스트립의 항목별 음성과 양성의 판별에서는 우수한 결과가 나왔으나, 정량적 분석을 위한 각 항목별 등급의 분류에서는 측정값의 오차로 인해 최고 8%의 오차가 발생하였다.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.240
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• pp.17-19
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• 2009

요로 감염증은 당뇨병환자에게 흔히 발생하는 대표적인 감염질환 중 하나이다. 당뇨병환자에서 감염이 흔한 이유는 여러 가설들이 있으나, 다양한 기전에 의한 면역체계의 이상과 면역 저하 등 때문으로 생각하고 있다. 당뇨병환자에서 일반적인 감염이 좀 더 빈번하게 일어나지만 거의 당뇨병에서만 관찰되는 희귀 감염질환도 흔한데 그 중 요로의 기종성(공기주머니 형성) 염증은 특징적이다. 또한 일반 요로 감염에서는 흔하지 않은 칸디다와 같은 진균(곰팡이균)에 의한 요로 감염도 드물지 않게 관찰할 수 있다. 따라서 여기에서는 당뇨병에서 보이는 요로 감염의 특징과 대처방법에 대해서 살펴보기로 한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2003

Purpose : Recently, different results about factors affecting accurate quantitation of 24-hr urinary protein(24UP) amount using spot urine protein/creatinine ratio(PCR) have been reported. The current study was designed to evaluate correlation between 24UP amounts and PCR in children, and the effect of 24UP amounts, age, sex, and glomerular filtration rate(GFR) on this correlation. Methods : Among 94 patients who visited the department of pediatrics in Busan Paik Hospital from March 2002 to August 2002, 68 patients whose urinary creatinine excretion was ${\geq}15mg/kg/day$ were included in this study. All the patients were divided into I, II/A, B group(I : 24UP<500 mg/day, II : $24UP{\geq}500mg/day$, A : <10 years of age, B : ${\geq}10years$ of age). Pearson correlation analysis was performed between 24UP and PCR to evaluate the relationship. We defined fractional difference between 24UP and PCR, and then performed multiple regression analysis with 24UP amount, age, GFR and fractional difference. Results : There was a strong positive linear correlation between 24UP and PCR(R=0.936, P<0.0001) in all patients, and the correlation was also good in each group. Using PCR cutoff values of 0.5, the PCR provided high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value in predicting 24UP amount ${\geq}500mg$. The factors affecting accurate quantitation of proteinuria using spot urine PCR was age, not 24UP amount, GFR or sex. Conclusion : Spot urine PCR is a useful test but has limitations in predicting 24UP amount. Therefore, it should be used only as screening method. Age-adjusted PCR cutoff values may be necessary to predict 24UP amount in children with proteinuria.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

Purpose : To evaluate the diagnostic value of dipstick urinalysis($Multistix^{(R)}$) as a screening test for urinary tract infection(UTI) in acute febrile children. Methods : We compared dipstick uinalysis (leukocyte estease(LE) and nitrite) with microscopic urinalysis (WBC and bacteria) and urine culture in 80 children with UTI and 605 children without UTI, who were admitted due to acute fever at EWHA Womans University Hospital between Oct. 1994 and Feb. 1996. Results : 1) In dipstick urinalysis, LE and nitrite were positive in 38.7%, and 13.8% of 80 children with UTI and in 2.1%. and 1.2% of 605 children without UTI. 2) In microscopic urinalysis, WBC and bacteria were positive in 31.2%, and 17.5% of 80 children with UTI and in 4.1%, and 0.6% of 605 children without UTI. 3) Positive rate of LE on dipstick urinalysis was 38.7%, which was significantly higher than 31.5% of WBC on microscopic urinalysis (P<0.05). Positive rate of nitrite was not significantly different to that of bacteria. 4) Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of dipstick urinalysis were 43.7%, 98.3%, 63.6%, 92.9% which were not significant different to 40.0%, 99.0%, 54.0%, 92.3% of microscopic urinalysis. The sensitivity of combined dipstick and microscopic urinalysis were still low(50%). 5) Additional positive rate of microscopic urinalysis to negative dipstick urinalysis was 6.3%(5/80) in 80 children with UTI. Conclusion : The sensitivity of dipstick urinalysis was low and additional value of microscopic urinalysis was minimal in febrile UTI. So urine culture is mandatory in acute febrile children even though dipstick and microscopic urinalysis are negative.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.280-287
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• 2007

Purpose : Urinary lithiasis is uncommon in children, however, it may lead to chronic renal insufficiency and even end stage renal disease. The etiology of stone formation in children is largely unknown; although the most common causes are known to be associated with congenital anomalies of the genito-urinary(G-U) tract, urinary tract infections(UTI), and metabolic diseases. Methods : A total of 73 children(male:female=42:31, mean age $6.6{\pm}5.3$ years) presented with urinary lithiasis between Sep. 1998 and Jul. 2007 at Seoul National University Children's Hospital. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Results : The most common presenting symptoms were gross hematuria(28/73, 38%) and flank or abdominal pain(23/73, 32%). The stones were located in the upper urinary tract in 48 patients(66%), in the bladder in 18(24%), and in both the bladder and upper urinary tract in 2 (3%). Congenital anomalies of the G-U tract with/without UTI were detected in 30 children (41%), hypercalciuria with/without hypercalcemia in 15(20%), and other metabolic diseases in 8(11%). In 17 patients(23%), no underlying cause of stone formation was detected. The majority of stones were infected stones(24/36, 67%), which were followed by calcium stones(8/36, 22%), uric acid stones(3/36, 8%). and cystine stones(1/36, 3%). Thirty-four patients(46%) underwent surgical procedures and/or extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for stone removal, and 13(18%) passed stones spontaneously with/without medical management. Stones recurred in 6 patients(8%): 4 with neurogenic bladder augmented by ileocystoplasty, 1 with cystinuria, and 1 with unknown etiology. Conclusion : The common causes of urinary lithiasis in children were congenital anomalies of the G-U tract with/without UTI and metabolic disorders including hypercalciuria/hypercalcemia. For the management of stones, minimally invasive procedures should be chosen on the basis of accompanying symptoms and the composition, locations and etiology of stones.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is identifying variables that affect to learners' preference toward specific e-learning programs, using an exploratory factor analysis(EFA) method. We extract common factors that explain the correlations among variables. In the result, 8 factors were identified as main influential factors: e-learning program design(1st factor), the purpose of e-learning use(2nd factor), social and cultural issues(3rd factor), demographics(4th factor), organizational needs(5th factor), impacts of e-learning(6th factor), e-learning management(7th factor), and technical issue(8th factor).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.331-335
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• 2009

This paper was performed to investigate the propensity of the diameter of maximum distended urethra from urethra to os penis in mature male dogs of 25 male dogs of different breeds. The measured sites of urethras were divided into 7 regions, i.e. prostate, membrane, isthmus, perineum, scrotum, prescrotum and os penis. By using the inflated balloon catheter filled with contrast medium, the maximum diameter of the distended urethras of each region was recorded and compared among regions. The mean diameter of the lumen from the prostatic urethra to the os penis urethra was gradually narrowed except for the isthmus portion, with a sense of resistance for retraction being noted at the level of ischiatic arch in 22 dogs. Proposed results from this should be utilized as a predictor of a treatment plan for the removal of urethroliths using an urohydropropulsion.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4188-4196
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of perception factors on the brand apartment for customer satisfaction by classifying perception factors into environmental factor, interior factor, brand value factor, economic factor and social factor. Variables used in this study were compiled from the survey, which was done by the people living in Pusan from Aug. 17, 2009 to Aug. 31, 2009. In the results of this study, the perception that the brand apartment had better interior quality, brand value, saleability and possibility of price rising than the common one had effects on customer satisfaction. This study analyzed the effect of perception factors on the brand apartment for post-purchase satisfaction of customer. It is expected that the results of study would help construction companies establish marketing strategies to increase customer's interest and develop the brand apartment in consideration of perception factors with a high post-purchase satisfaction.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2001

Purpose : To evaluate tile frequency of urinary tract anomalies in male neonates less than 3 months old who presented with urinary tract infection(UTI) and to evaluate a appropriate imaging approach after first UTI. Materials and methods : During a period of 5 years from March 1994 to February 1999, 65 male infants less than 3months old(range: 4-92 days, mean: 43 days) with UTI were evaluated. Ultrasound(US) and Voiding cystourethrogram(VCUG) were done in 60 patients. Due to refusal and technological problem, 5 patients were missed. 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan (99mTc-DMSA renal scan) was recommended to most patients but performed in 40 patients. Renal scan was performed at least 3 months later after urinary tract infection. Results : Urinary tract anomalies were found in 26 of 65 infants. Twenty-six had vesicoureteral reflux(VUR), two had both VUR and double ureter, two had both U and posterior urethral valve. In patients with VUR, eight had renal scar or renal atrophies. In case of renal scar or atrophy, grades of VUR were III or above. Conclusion : We suggest that US and VCUG should be routinely performed in infants(<3months)with first UTI. 99mTc-DMSA renal scan should be performed only when renal parenchymal damage was observed in US and VUR grade III or above in VCUG. (J. Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 5 : 30- 5, 2001)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.929-935
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• 1998

개에서 전립선액의 채취를 위한 이중발룬카테터의 효과를 알아보고자 새로이 고안한 이중발룬카테터를 이용하여 추출한 전립선액의 오염여부를 검증하였다. 총21두의 개를 이용하여 전립선액 오염여부에 대한 검증으로서 전립선액, 생검조직 및 요도 관류액중의 요크레아틴 농도측정과 배양검사를 실시하였다. 요크레아틴 농도를 측정한 결과 전립선액(0.028mg/dl)과 조직내(0.66mg/dl)에서 세척관류액(18.71mg/dl) 보다 유의성 있게(p < 0.001) 낮은 농도를 보여 뇨성분의 혼입을 최소화할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 요도부 시료의 배양검사에서 양성결과를 나타낸 12마리중, 이중발룬카테터를 이용하여 전립선액을 채취한 결과 방광으로부터의 오염을 보인 1마리를 제외하고 독립적인 배양결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 방광 및 요도로부터의 오염방지 효과는 92%를 나타냈다. 이중발룬카테터는 전립선 요도부의 카테터 장착의 용이성 및 요도로부터 오염방지 효과를 갖고 있어 손쉽게 전립선액을 추출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이라고 사료된다.