• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.223-235
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• 1995

Comparative studies on external morphology and anatomical characters were conducted understand the interspecific relationships and possibly to identify the position of Hanabusaya asiatica as an endemic genus among 4 genera and 9 species in H. asiatica and its allied groups. Such morphological characteristics as root shape, leaf size, presence or absence of wings in petiole, corolla and calyx shape, and inflorescence and stigma shape were useful qualitative characters. The morphology of stem, peduncle, calyx lobe, leaf, petiole, and ovary were also good characters to be included in this identification study. In the anatomical observations in these organs, projecting degree of epidermis and number of projecting area rather than cross-sectioned internal structures were found to be valuable index for the classification among species. External morphology and anatomical characters support the position of H. asiatica as an endemic genus very well. Known as the most important external characters to taxonomists(Fedorov, 1957: Nakai, 1952: Hong, 1983), leaf arrangement, inflorescence, and corolla shape were also preven to be very useful characters to identify the genera and species in the H. asiatica and its allied groups.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.380-390
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• 2015

The morphological characters were observed in six taxa in the genus Dioscorea of Korea (D. polystachya, D. japonica, D. nipponica, D. quinqueloba, D. tenuipes, and D. dokoro). The underground structure and the formation of bulbil were useful characters for separating sect. Enanatiophyllum from sect. Stenophora. The important characters for discriminating taxonomic entities were as follows: the position of the anther and the shape of the pistil in the microstructural characters, including the protuberance of the base of the petiole, the shape and color of the flower, the shape of the fruit, and the shape of the seed wing. Based on the results, a key to Korean Dioscorea is provided and the distribution of these species in Korea is described.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

To clarify the morphological variations of Galium, its morphological characteristics were examined using maximum parsimony analysis. The key characteristics as well as the range of variation in each characteristic were investigated at the species level and were employed to elucidate the relationships between the taxa. This study confirmed that species belonging to genus Galium formed a monophyletic group and comprised two main clades. Sect. Cymogaliae and sect. Leptogalium are polyphyly groups, and other sections are monophyletic group. This study also suggests that the fruit hairs, the types of petal apexes, and the colors of the petals are the most valuable taxonomic characteristics for differentiating different sections. The numbers of the leaves and leaf shape provide useful taxonomic characteristics for the identification of different species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.260-269
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• 2005

Taxonomic studies on morphological, principal component analysis (PCA), palynological, RAPD and PCR-RELP analysis were conducted to intraspecific relationships of Rubus oldhami. Three types of Rubus oldhami based on the flower characters such as petal length and number were used in this study. Among the 14 morphological characters, perianth length, calyx lobe length, apical leaflet shape and leaflet length were used to distinguish for each type. The pollen characters such as shape, aperture number, surface sculpture were showed very similar among three types. Eight primers out of 20 arbitrary primers were screened for three types, and were revealed 33 ($60\%$) polymorphic bands. The phonogram by RAPD data showed incongruent with morphological analysis. Even though ten restriction endonucleases produced 20 restriction sites, polymorphic bands were not observed. Based on the results, three types of Rubus oldhami divided well by morphological characters, but pollen and DNA data were not supported. Therefore, type 1 and 2 which different from type 3 by flower characters considered as a temporary hybrid or ecotype because of their similar habitats.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.17-40
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• 2007

Patterns of morphological variation in Korean Cirsium were examined using numerical analysis, and the delimitation of taxa was evaluated. Principal components analysis of individuals of taxa using 61 morphological characters revealed the presence of two major groups. One group included C. lineare, C. vlassovianum, and C. setidens, the other contained C. pendulum, C. japonicum var. japonicum, C. japonicum var. spinosissimum, C. schantarense, C. nipponicum, and C. rhiniceros. Also, the result of cluster analysis recognized three sections, Onotrophe, Pseudo-eriolepis, and spanioptilon. Korean Cirsium was classified into three sections; C. japonicum var. japonicum, C. japonicum var. spinosissimum, C. schantarense, C. rhiniceros and C. nipponicum were belonged to sect. Onotrophe, C. setidens, C. vlassovianum and C. lineare were belonged to sect. Spanioptilon, and C. pendulum was belonged to sect. Pseudo-eriolepis. In conclusion, Korean Cirsium was classified into three sections, eight species, three varieties, and five forms.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.324-339
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• 1999

Morphological reinvestigation, external characters and discriminant functional analysis(44 qualitative characters) were examined on 6 taxa of Korean Ophelia, including 5 taxa distributed in south Korea, and one taxon considered to be the variation type of Ophelia wilfordi in order to clarify the limit of intersection and interspecies. And to establish the taxonomic position. One taxon distributed in north Korea was included in the description of species by observation of herbarium specimen of the University of Tokyo in Japan. The two sections were successfully distinguished by internal structure of ovary, morphology of nectary, number of corolla lobe and calyx lobe, and species were also distinguished by morphology of cauline leaf, and color and spot of corolla, respectively. The variation type of Ophelia wilfordi was not distinguished with other species except for absent or present of purple spot in corolla lobe. The results of the discriminal functional analysis indicated that characters of corolla were the most important qualitative characters to distinguish the Ophelia taxa, and morphology of seed and seed coat was useful characters to distinguish taxa higher than species. Therefore the difficult problems of identification of species were successfully solved, and the taxonomic position in intrageneric level was clarified on Korean Ophelia.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2000

External morphology and numerical taxonomy by principal component analysis and cluster analysis were investigated to understand the taxonomic relationships on the populations of Hanabusaya asiatica from 6 different habitats. Additionally H. latisepala was used as a outgroup. The distinct characters to each habitat were not present in the measurement of 21 qualitative characters except for some native individuals in the top of Mt. Sorak and Hyangrobong based on leaf shape and bracts. This results were recognized as the continuous variations of external morphology. The populations of H. latisepala and H. asiatica were identified by calyx lobe shape. The results obtained based on the principal component(PC) analysis of treated 78 OTU were divided into two groups by PC 1,2,3, and the sums of contributions for the total variance were 50.07% (PC1 22.3% , PC2 15.7%, PC3 12.0%, respectively), and six populations were not distinctly identified as illustrated in two dimensions with PC1 and PC2. In cluster analysis based on average linkage cluster analysis and Ward's method, there were similarities in the composition of clustered taxa, and each populations were not identified.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2003

External and anatomical characters such as stem, leaf, ovary, calyx lobe, ultrastructure of stigma epidermis of leaf blade and midvein, corolla lobe, seed coat and pollen were examined on Pterygocalyx volubilis and Tripterospermum japonicum of Korean Gentianaceae. Fruit characters(capsule and berry), absent or not of corona and pollen characters(reticulate and striate) has been used by identification characters of two taxa. But study results, external characters(root, leaf, calyx lobe, stigma, anther), internal characters(calyx love, ovary) and ultrastructure characters(epidermis o leaf blade and midvein, corolla lobe, seed coat) were useful for species identification. Taxonomic relationships among problematic taxa were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.393-409
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• 2003

Morphological and anatomical characters of selected 3 taxa of Rhynchospora were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of achene and leaf were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a light microscope (LM). Morphological characters such as length and width of bract, spikelet, scale, achene, stem, leaf and leaf sheath, and shape of inflorescence, spikelet, scale, apex of scale, perigynium and achene, and number of stigma and anatomical characters (transectional shape of the stem, and leaf: vascular bundles in stem and leaf epidermal patterns: shape of fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, type of silica body, subsidiary cell shape, size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf) were useful for the identification. Keys based on data were presented here.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2023

The external morphological characters of six taxa of the genus Melampyrum in Korea (M. roseum, M. roseum var. japonicum, M. roseum var. ovalifolium, M. setaceum, M. setaceum var. nakaianum, and M. koreanum) were observed to identify the taxonomic entity. The taxonomically useful characters, confirmed in this study, were as follows; the shape of leaf and bract, the number and location of the setose teeth at bract margin, the shape of cross-section and distribution of hair on the stem, the shape of bract base, the shape and protuberance type of calyx lobes, the color and length of the corolla, and the shape of the capsule. Based on these results, a key to the Korean Melampyrum taxa is provided.