• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.110 no.2
• /
• pp.129-140
• /
• 2021

The study investigates the correlation between the seasonal changes in the absorption of fine dusts and the fine structure of surface on each type of street tree, such as Quercus myrsinifolia, Quercus glauca, Quercus salicina, Camellia japonica, and Prunus × yedoensis in the southernareas of Korea. The absorption ranges of fine dust were 31.51~110.44 ㎍/cm² in January, 23.20~79.30 ㎍/cm² in November, 22.68~76.90 ㎍/cm² in May, and 9.88~49.91 ㎍/cm² in August. The absorption value was about 54.4% higher in January than in May. With the grooves and hairs on the leaf surface and lots of wax, Q. salicina seems related to the high absorption rate of fine dust for each fine dust particle size. The one with gloss and smooth leaf surface has a low amount of wax. C. japonica Prunus × yedoensisshowed a low absorption rate of fine dust in each season. Whereas the increase in porosity density, length, and leaf area size can be related to the reduced PM and increasedabsorption rate, the leaf surface roughness, total wax amount, and porosity width can be related to the increase in the PM absorption rate. There was also a high correlation between the total wax amount and absorption rate of the leaf surface at the size of PM_0.2 than PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. These results imply that the quantitative and qualitative trais of leaf, such as wax amounts and leaf surface,can increase the absorption of fine dusts, and the small-sized particles seem to be highly adsorbed with the high wax amounts.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2022

Prunus subg. Cerasus is the most planted street and landscaping tree in South Korea, but it is difficult to identify species according to their macro-morphologies, leading to problems when attempting properly to manage species quantities. The purpose of this study is to understand the current status of plant types and species compositions in Bundang Central Park in Bundang-gu of Seongnam City and to discuss the necessity of the management of landscaping tree planting. In April of 2021, during the cherry blossom season, a total of 5,866 planted cherry trees were investigated within an area of 6 km² of Bundang-gu in Seongnam City. As a result, 5,744 trees were sorted into eleven taxa, but the remaining 122 trees were not determined due to their complex morphologies. Prunus ×yedoensis Matsum. accounted for the highest proportion (52.1%), followed by P. serrulata Lindl. var. pubescens Nakai and P. jamasakura Siebold ex Koidz. P. ×nudiflora (Koehne) Koidz., a plant native to Jejudo Island, was not found in this survey. In order to help identify cherry trees based on micro-morphologies, an identification key was presented for the eleven taxa planted as major landscaping trees. It is known that cherry trees frequently form interspecific hybrids in nature. In order to prevent a loss of the genetic originality of native species due to hybridization and gene introgression from foreign cherry trees, it is necessary to manage planting species near the habitats of native taxa and track their origins.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.297-312
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Seoungma (Gyeonggi-do). The vascular plant were collected 13 times (from March to October 2011), and 384 taxa in total were identified, including 94 families, 260 genera, 340 species, 5 subspecies, 37 varieties and 2 forms. Korean endemic plants of this area were nine taxa; Clematis brachyura, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, etc. Rare plants (IUCN) by the Korean Forest Service and Korean National Arboretum three taxa were recorded; one Critically Endangered species (CR), Prunus yedoensis, one Vulnerable species (VU), Epimedium koreanum, one Least Concemed species (LC), Phacelurus latifolius. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 15 taxa comprising two taxa of grade V and III, one taxa of grade II, 10 taxa of grade I. Furthermore, therophytes (28.3%), hemicryptophytes (23.0%), hydrophytes (14.3%) showed high proportional ratio in life form spectrum. The naturalized plants were identified as 43 taxa and the percent of naturalized index (NI) was 11.2% of total 384 taxa vascular plants. The vegetation status of investigated area was comparatively well conserved, but the degree of damage was increasing rapidly by the disturbances of human beings. Therefore, a long-term monitoring of vegetation changes and movement grasp must become accomplished.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.10-21
• /
• 2002

This study was intended to investigate injury rates of landscape trees planted in the reclaimed seaside areas and to analyse their causes in planting environment. The planting environment such as soil properties, reclaimed depth of soil, soil hardness, salt consistency of soil, and drainage system were surveyed in 8 reclaimed seaside areas in the middle and southern regions of the country. Injury rates of 42 species, 1,233 trees and growth of branches in 6 species. 130 trees were measured and analysed to fond out salt-resistant trees in the reclaimed lands. The results of the survey are as follows; the average injury rate of evergreen trees was 32%. which was much lower than that of deciduous trees as 52%. The lower injured trees in the 8 reclaimed lands were Pinus thunbergii, Pinus parvinora. Juniperus chinensis 'Kaizuka', Pinus koraiensis, Acer trifdum, Koelreuteria paniculata and Metasequoia glyptostroboides. The higher injured trees were Acer palmatum, Magnolia kobus. Lagerstroemia indica, Diospiros kaki, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Sorbus commixta, Prunus yedoensis, Pinus desinora, Chaenomeles sinensis, Albizzia julibrissin and Zelkowa serrata. At least the mounding of 1.7m depth of soil is needed from the tidal saline soil to the roots of trees to protect trees from salt injury Roots of trees were found to have infiltrated to 0.77m under the soil of which solidity was over 4.5kg/㎥. And 22 of total 25 soils were acid from pH 3.72 to pH 5.85. Injury rate of trees was much higher when they were detached from the sea, and planted on the drainage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2014

The vigor condition of trees is an important indicator for the management of urban forested area. But difficulties in how to assess the tree vigor condition still remain. Previous efforts were limited in the 1) measurement of single indicator rather than using multiple indices, 2) purpose-oriented measurement such as for air-pollution effect or specific pathological symptom, and 3) ordinal-scale evaluations by field crews 4) despite human errors based on his/her experiences or prior knowledge. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a quantitative and objective methodology for assessing tree vigor condition, by measuring multiple modules and building the profile inventory. Furthermore, the possibility and limitations were discussed in terms of schematic frames describing tree vigor condition. The vigor condition of 56 flowering cherry plants in urban park were assessed by in-situ measurements of following eight items; growth of crown(Gc), growth of shoots, individual tree volume(Vol), plant area index, woody area index, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content(Lc) and leaf water content(Lw). For validation, these measurements were compared with the ranks of holistic tree vigor condition, which were visually assessed using a 4-point grading scale based on the expert's knowledge. As a result, the measures of each evaluation item successfully highlighted a variety of aspects in tree vigor condition, including the states of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic parts. The variation in the results depending on evaluated parts was shown within an individual tree, even though the broad agreement among the results was found. The result of correlation analysis between the tested measurements and 4-point visual assessment, demonstrated that the state of water-stressed foliage of the season (Lw) or the development of plant materials since sapling phase (Vol) could be better viewed from the outer appearance of trees than other symptoms. But only based on the visual assessment, it may be difficult to detect the quality of photosynthesis (Lc) or the recent trend in growth of trees (Gc). To make this methodology simplified for the broad-scale application, the tested eight measurements could be integrated into two components by principal component analysis, which was labelled with 'the amount of plant materials' and 'vigor trend', respectively. In addition, the use of these quantitative and multi-scale indicators underlies the importance of assessing various aspects of tree vigor condition, taking into account the response(s) on different time and spatial scale of pressure(s) shown in each evaluated module. Future study should be advanced for various species at diverse developing stages and environment, and the application to wide areas at a periodic manner.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.359-367
• /
• 2006

The vascular plants of this site were identified as 641 taxa through field investigation; 101 families, 340 genera, 547 species, 80 varieties, 12 forms, 1 subspecies and 1 hybrid. Based on the Rare plants of the Forest Service and Korea Forest Research Institute, 9 taxa were listed except implanted species; Loranthus tanakae, Aristolochia manshuriensis, Aristolochia contorta, Viola albida, Cypripedium macranthum, Schpolia japonioa, Acanthopanax chiisanensis, Rhododendron micranthum. Based on the Korean endemic plants, 18 taxa were listed; Salix purpurea var, japonica, Asarum sieboldii var. mandshuricum for. misnadrum, Persicaria lapathifolia for. alba, Pseudostellaria sylvatica, Aconitum pseudolaeve var. erectum, Corydalis maculata, Corydazis albipetala, Corydalis grandicazyx, Cardamine amaraeiormis, Chrysosplenium barbatum, Filipendula glaberrima, Lespedeza x tomentella, Acanthopanax chiisanensis, Melampyrum setaceum var. nakaianum, Weigela subsessilis, Adenophora triphylla var. hirsute, Cirsium setidens, Saussurea pseudogracilis. Specific plant species by floral region were total 81 taxa (12.6%); Prunus yedoensis in class V, 13 taxa (Thuja orientalis, Cimicifuga heracleiiolia, Sedum middendorffianutn, Rhododendron micranthum, etc.) in class IV, 17 taxa (Equisetum palustre, Aceriphyllum rossii, Angelica gigas, Cirsium setidens, etc.) in class III, 15 taxa (Heloniopsis orientalis, Lychnis cognata, Saxifraga oblongifolia, Viola orientalis, etc.) in class II, 35 taxa (Hosta capitata, Cimicifuga simplex, Chrysosplenium flagelliferum, Campanula punctata, etc.) in class I. So, the naturalized plants were listed 53 taxa and the naturalization index was 8.2%, urbanization index was 20.7%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.365-397
• /
• 2020

To investigate the distribution of vascular plants growing at Apsan park, we surveyed from April in 2018 to October in 2019. The flora of Apsan park was classified as a total of 721 taxa comprising of 114 families, 382 genus, 619 species, 5 subspecies, 77 varieties, 12 forma, 5 hybrid, 3 cultivation. Among them, The Rare plants species 23 taxa, endemic plants 15 taxa, floristic regional indicator plants 98 taxa, naturalized plants 57 taxa were recorded. The percentage of urbanization index was 17.76%, the naturalized ratio was 7.91%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.441-453
• /
• 2015

In this paper, according to the illuminance at night with artificial lighting in downtown Seoul, trees flowering and leaf growth rate was performed as a case study to examine whether there is a difference. The illuminance was measured at 78 points on a total of 26 points, the range of illuminance were divided into three groups considering land use, Group A (plots 1-7) were 4.90 ~ 112.50 lx, Group B (plots 8 to 18) were 0.45 ~ 42.40 lx, group C (plots 19 to 26) were 0.28 ~ 22.10 lx. According to the One-way ANOVA on illuminance difference, the survey groups were classified into three groups. To survey the ratio of the flowering Prunus yedoensis and Rhododendron spp. and to survey the ratio of leaf growth Zelkova serrata, Ginkgo biloba, and Acer palmatum each 30 individuals were investigated. Rhododendron spp. to study the ratio of the flowering and Acer palmatum to study the ratio of leaf growth were determined to be useful as indicator woody species according to the correlation. The higher illuminance of night lighting is, the faster flowering and leaf growth of trees will be by correlation between the mean illuminance of each group and the flowering and leaf growth of trees. In the future, should be made a more detailed study of how much affect to the trees with some impact on the level of light pollution at night lighting.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2018.04a
• /
• pp.29-29
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 강원도 화천군 응봉 일대의 중심으로 식물상을 조사하였다. 관속식물은 64과 162속 222종 3아종 15변종 2품종으로 총 242분류군으로 조사되었다. 분류군별로는 양치식물이 6과 10분류군, 나자식물 1과 2분류군, 쌍자엽식물이 52과 200분류군, 단자엽식물이 5과 30분류군이 확인되었다. 주요 식물로는 특산식물은 진범(Aconitum pseudolaeve), 무늬족도리풀(Asarum versicolor), 각시서덜취(Saussurea macrolepis) 등 10과 13분류군, 희귀식물은 관심대상종(Least Concern)인 홀아비바람꽃(Anemone koraiensis), 세잎종덩굴(Clematis koreana), 도깨비부채(Rodgersia podophylla) 등 14분류군, 취약종(Vuinerable)인 백작약(Paeonia japonica), 멱쇠채(Scorzonera austriaca subsp. glabra) 등 3분류군, 멸종위기종(Critically Endangered)인 닻꽃(Halenia corniculata) 등 2분류군으로 총 20분류군이 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 서양톱풀(Achillea millefolium), 미국가막사리(Bidens frondosa), 주걱개망초(Erigeron strigosus) 등 4과 11분류군이 조사되었다. 산림청에서 지정한 특별산림보호대상종으로는 왕벚나무(Prunus yedoensis)와 금강초롱꽃(Hanabusaya asiatica)이 조사되었다. 유용식물로는 용도를 모르는 52분류군(21.5%)을 제외하면 190분류군(78.5%)이 자원식물로 이용가치가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이들을 용도에 따라 구분해 보면 식용 93분류군(38.4%), 섬유용 3분류군(1.2%), 약용 67분류군(27.7%), 관상용 45분류군(18.6%), 사료용 77분류군(31.8%), 산업용 1분류군(0.4%), 염료용 3분류군(1.2%), 목재용 12분류군(5.0%)으로 조사되었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 2007

The vascular plants of the Moaksan provincial park area were listed as 615 taxa: 120 families, 383 genera, 542 species, 1 subspecies, 69 varieties and 3 forms. Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 6 taxa were recorded: Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Lilium amabile, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Weigela subsessilis, Aster koraiensis and based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 5 taxa were recorded in the studied areas: Lilium distichum (Preservation priority order; No. 159), Tricyrtis dilatata (No. 97), Iris ensata var. spontanea (No. 197), Aristolochia contorta (No.151), Viola albida (No. 202). Specific plant species by floral region were a total of 48 taxa; Prunus yedoensis in Class V, 2 taxa, as Carex arenicola, Wistaria floribunda in Class IV, 4 taxa, Spiraea salicifolia, Thea sinensis, Asperula lasiantha, etc. in Class III, 8 taxa, as Lilium distichum, Iris ensata var. spontanea, Acer triflorum, etc. in Class II, 33 taxa, as Camptosorus sibiricus, Orixa japonica, Lonicera praeflorens, etc. in Class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 16 families, 40 genera, 48 species, 2 varieties, 50 taxa and the naturalization rate was 8.1% of all 615 taxa vascular plants. As a conservation measure, there needs to be controls on the imprudent development and excessive visitors and a detailed plan like nature the rest of the year.