• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.11B
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• pp.911-919
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• 2004

IP address lookup is one of the essential functions on internet routers, and it determines overall router performance. The most important evaluation factor for software-based IP address lookup is the number of the worst case memory accesses. Binary prefix tree (BPT) scheme gives small number of worst case memory accesses among previous software-based schemes. However the tree structure of BPT is normally unbalanced. In this paper, we propose weighted binary prefix tree (WBP) scheme which generates nearly balanced tree, through combining the concept of weight to the BPT generation process. The proposed WBPT gives very small number of worst case memory accesses compared to the previous software-based schemes. Moreover the WBPT requires comparably small size of memory which can be fit within L2 cache for about 30,000 prefixes, and it is rather simple for prefix addition and deletion. Hence the proposed WBPT can be used for software-based If address lookup in practical routers.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2004

Talon cusp is cusp-like structure that develops additionally in crown of anterior tooth. And it is one of dental anomalies. Talon cusp can cause various diagnostic, functional, aesthetic problems depending on the size and configuration of cusp. there is a tendency for caries to occur in the developmental grooves, and advanced attrition, periodontal problems, irritation the tongue and temporomandibular pain, occlusal interference and displacement of affected tooth may result. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of each case is important so that it minimize local problems, such as caries, periodontal diseases, and malocclusion. These cases which are in permanent and primary anterior teeth are about gradual reduction forming reparative dentine and complete reduction of talon cusp and root canal therapy which is an alternative and effective form of treatment when gradual reduction of talon cusp may not be possible.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.2574-2586
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• 1999

Since a SGML document is composed of elements, the primitive unit of information, SGML information retrieval should support retrieval on element as well as document. In addition, SGML index organization should support the partial insertion and deletion of document for the dynamic environment. For this, we propose a SGML index organization suited to structured-based retrieval for dynamic environment. Based on the proposed index organization, we design a SGML index manager to support content-based and structure-based retrieval efficiently. We implement the SGML index manager based on O2 storage system and compare the performance of our SGML index manager with the conventional SGML index manager. According to the performance comparison, it is shown that the proposed index structure achieves better retrieval performance than the conventional K-ary complete tree.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.175-185
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• 2008

It is meaningful to investigate data in unallocated space because we can investigate the deleted data. However the data in unallocated space is formed to fragmented and it cannot be read by application in most cases. Especially in case of being compressed or encrypted, the data is more difficult to be read. If the fragmented data is encrypted and damaged, it is almost impossible to be read. If the fragmented data is compressed and damaged, it is very difficult to be read but we can read and interpret it sometimes. Therefore if the computer forensic investigator wants to investigate data in unallocated space, formal work of determining the data is encrypted of compressed and decompressing the damaged compressed data. In this paper, I suggest the method of analyzing data in unallocated space from a viewpoint of computer forensics.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2023

For fully edentulous patients, implant-supported overdenture can be considered to enhance chewing efficiency and denture stability. Implant planning software can be used to fabricate a surgical guide for a more precise consideration of anatomic factors and prediction of the shape of definitive prosthesis. Though there are many possible attachments for implant overdenture, milled bar can be useful due to its splinting effect of implants and rigid support of overdenture. This report presents a case of implant-supported milled bar overdenture after guided implant surgery performed with two surgical guide that was fabricated before and after bone reduction.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal adaptation of a ceramic-pressed-to-metal restoration with traditional metal-ceramic restoration. Materials and methods: Duplicating the prepared resin tooth, 20 metal dies were fabricated. Twenty metal copings of 2 groups which were metal ceramic restoration and pressed to metal restoration were fabricated. The marginal opening of each coping was measured with Microscope (BX 60M-36E $41D^{(R)}$: Olympus, Japan). After porcelain build-up, the marginal opening of metal ceramic restoration and pressed to metal restoration ($PoM^{(R)}$: Ivoclar vivadent., Liechtenstein) were also evaluated in the same method. The measurements were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Within the limits of this study, the results were as follows. 1. Metal-ceramic restorations in coping state ($64.93{\pm}12.48\;{\mu}m$) in compared with Metal ceramic restorations after porcelain build-up ($63.43{\pm}12.86\;{\mu}m$) had no significant difference in marginal adaptation. 2. Pressed-metal-ceramic restorations in coping state ($50.00{\pm}12.28\;{\mu}m$) in compared with Pressed metal ceramic restorations after porcelain build-up ($56.72{\pm}13.80\;{\mu}m$) had no significant difference in marginal adaptation. 3. Metal-ceramic restorations in compared Pressed-metal-ceramic restorations had no significant difference in marginal adaptation. Conclusion: Pressed-metal-ceramic restorations have the advantage of being technically less change through using of the lost-wax technique and this allows for the convenience of a full-contour ceramic wax-up as opposed to the more technique-sensitive layering method. Pressed-metal-ceramic restorations may be considered in clinic on the basis of the result of this study and the advantage of this system.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal and internal gaps in CEREC3 CAD/CAM inlays of three different preparation designs. CEREC3 Inlays of three different preparation designs (n=10) were fabricated according to Group I-conventional functional cusp capping/shoulder preparation, Group II-horizontal reduction of cusps and Group III-complete reduction of cusps/shoulder preparation. After cementation of inlays. the bucco-lingual cross section was performed through the center of tooth. Cross section images of 20 magnifications were obtained through the stereomicroscope. The gaps were measured using the Leica application suite software at each reference point. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (${\alpha}<0.05$). The marginal gaps ranged from 80.0 to $97.8{\mu}m$ for Group I, 42.0 to $194.8{\mu}m$ for Group II, 51.0 to $80.2{\mu}m$ for Group III. The internal gaps ranged from 90.5 to $304.1{\mu}m$ for Group I, 80.0 to $274.8{\mu}m$ for Group II, 79.7 to $296.7{\mu}m$ for Group III. The gaps of each group were the smallest on the margin and the largest on the horizontal wall. For the CEREC3 CAD/CAM inlays, the simplified designs (groups II and III) did not demonstrate superior results compared to the traditional cusp capping design (group I).

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.5
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• pp.265-301
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• 1993

지난 6월 3일 동경에서 있었던, 아시아 항공/우주법 학술대회 제 3분과에서 영국 Bin Cheng교수의 "The Warsaw System: Mess up, Tear up, or Shore up?"이라는 주제의 논문발표가 있었다. Bin Cheng교수는 특히 유럽의 EC Consultant Paper 와 일본항공사들의 1992년의 무한책임보상주의 채택에 대하여, 마치 무한 책임보상주의의 이론이 승리하였으며, 위의 상황들이 그 시작이라고 단정하였는데 이러한 견해는 아직까지 시기상조라고 생각한다. 본 글에서는 동경회의에서의 Bin Cheng교수의 논문중 특히 10항의 결론 부분을 중점으로 반대되는 의견을 제시하고자 한다. 국제항공사법인 와르소체제가 과연 발전하고 있는 것인가? 퇴보하고 있는 것인가? 와르소체제의 반대론자들은 미국의 소송변호사들, 일본항공사들과 일부 순수이론을 고수하는 학자들로써 이들은 와르소체제로부터의 탈퇴와 무한책임보상주의를 고수하고 있다. EC Consultation Paper (각주 122 참조)에서 보듯이, 비록 항공운송시의 손해배상액이 타 운송시의 손해배상액보다 적기는 하지만 이것이 곧 '무한책임보상주의'를 의미하는 것은 아니다. 미국의 판례중 불법행위로 인한 소송 (Nichole Fortman v. Hemeo Inc.)에서 보면, 작은 창자의 대부분을 병원의 과실때문에 잃은 Brooklin의 한 여인에게 500억 정도의 손해배상이 주어진 것을 보면, 과연 완전 보상에 맞는 무한책임이 과연 항공소송에 적용될 수 있는 것인가를 알아야 한다. 무한책임보상주의는 특히 개발도상국의 항공사들에게 보험료가 너무 과중하고, 와르소협약의 근본목적인 국제항공법의 통일성에 반하고 있기 때문에 국제사회 전반에 적용하기에는 비현실적이다. 와르소체제의 통일 성에 대한 거부는 만약 와르소체제에 버금가는 다른 보상체제가 있는 경우에는 다르지만, 현실적으로는 결국 국제적 혼란만을 야기사킬 것이다. 또한 와르소체제 반대자들은 항공운송인과 승객들의 관계를 갈등관계로 보고 있지만, 근본적으로 와프소협약에서의 항공운송인파 승객들의 관제는 공동이악관계로 보아야 한다. 항공운송사업의 목적도 또한 이윤추구인 바, 승객들이 항공운송인에게 과다한 손해배상을 요구하면, 결국 항공운송인은 승객들의 주머니에서 그 댓가를 찾으려고 할 것이다. 절국 양자의 이익을 보는 것은 소송변호사들 뿐이라고 볼 수 있다. 또한 'Unlimited Liability' 에서 'Unlimited' 란 'Full-Compensation' 을 의미하는 것으로, 'Wilful-Misconduct' 의 경우에는, 'Full-Compensation' 의 개념과 다르게, 그 보상액이 Warsaw협약 제 22조 1항에 적용되지 않는 'No-limited' 의 개념으로 해석하여야 한다. 항공소송의 경우에 통상 'Wilful-Misconduct' 의 경우에 손해배상액이 약 $700,000 인 것을 보더라도 'Full-Compensation'의 의미로 해석할 수 없다. 몬트리올 제 3추가의정서에서 'WilfulMisconduct' 의 개념을 삭제하고자 하는 것은, 이에 대비하여 추가보상제도, 임액수의 종액, 영격책임추의 등의 요소들을 전제로 하고 있기 때문이다. 몬트리올 제 3추가의정서가 최근의 발전적인 손해배상제도인가에 대하여, Bin Cheng 교수는 반대를 하고 있지만, 최선의 제도를 찾는 입장에서 몬트리올 추가 의정서는 여러가지로 부족하다. 그러나, 유한책임제도의 개선, 엄격책임주의의 도입, 빠른 소송타결의 제도, 재판관할권의 확대 그리고, SDR 화폐단위의 채택 등은 헤이그 의정서 이후의 보다 나은 제도적 장치를 하고 있다고 해석하여야 할 것이다. 시대의 변화에 따라 점진적으로 발전된 보상제도를 채택하였다면, 오늘날과 같이 시대에 뒤떨어진 보상체제로 혼란을 겪고 있지 않았을 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2011

Purpose: This article attempted to examine how teeth for restoration is made in a clinical practice and utilize it as future educational material of teeth formation and basic data for additional research. Materials and methods: This experiment investigated the models sent to milling center for production of zirconia crowns. After scanned with Lava CAD/CAM System (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), they are measured on 'ImageJ (version 1.32j, National Institutes of Health, USA)' program and compared and analyzed. Convergence angle from mesio-distal surfaces and bucco-lingual surfaces of each teeth are measured. Also, bucco-lingual diameter of the region lowered as much as 0.4 mm from incisal edge in anterior teeth except canines.(This measure is defined as the Peak 0.4) The analysis of data between each group was conducted by Windows SPSS statistic program, and was proved significant on 95% confidence level by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple analysis (Sheff${\'{e}}$ test). Results: The mean value of convergence angle was $18.67^{\circ}$ It is ranked as molar ($26.70^{\circ}$) > premolar ($16.87^{\circ}$) > anterior teeth ($14.81^{\circ}$) in the order of mesio-distal convergence angle; anterior teeth ($22.32^{\circ}$) > molar ($20.93^{\circ}$) > premolar ($15.41^{\circ}$) in the order of bucco-lingual convergence angle. The mean value of Peak 0.4 was 1.18 mm. Conclusion: Convergence angle of abutment of zirconia all ceramic crown has difference depending on the location in the arch. Due to the nature of production of zirconia all ceramic crown, convergence angle of abutment and line angle finishing degree can have an effect on internal suitability of restoration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1290-1297
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• 2015

Studies of the inactivation of a gene encoding pyruvate decarboxylase, pdc, in an ethanol-producing bacterium, Zymomonas mobilis, identified a mutant strain with 50% reduced PDC activity. To evaluate the possibility of a carbon-flux shift from an ethanol pathway toward higher value fermentation products, including pyruvate, succinate, and lactate, fermentation studies were carried out. Despite attempts to silence pdc expression in the wild-type strain ZM4 using cat-inserted pdc and pdc-deleted homologs by electroporation, the strain isolated showed partial gene activation. Fermentation experiments with the PDC mutant strain showed that the reduced expression level of PDC activity resulted in decreased rates of substrate uptake and ethanol production, together with increased pyruvate accumulation of 2.5 g l^-1 , although lactate and succinate concentrations were not significantly enhanced in these modified strains. Despite numerous attempts, no strains were isolated in which complete pdc inactivation occurred. This result indicates that the ethanol fermentation pathway of this bacterium is totally dependent on the activity of the PDC enzyme. To ensure a redox balance of intracellular NAD and NADH levels, other enzymes, such as lactate dehydrogenase for lactate, and enzymes involved in the production of succinic acid, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and malic enzymes, may be needed for their increased end-product production.