• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.96-104
• /
• 2009

This paper proposes a single-phase Phase-locked loop (PLL) of the virtual two phase generator using full-order state observer, which is essential to find phase and frequency of the single-phase source. The conventional methods cannot remove the low-order harmonics included in source voltage, which influencesto whole PLL control system. The proposed algorithm separates fundamental wave from harmonics, and removes harmonics effectively. Therefore it generates only the fundamental wave. As it controls virtual voltage and input voltage together, it decreases steady-state error. From simulation and experimental results, the generated frequency by the proposed PLL which it plans, converges to the actual value, and the steady-state error is much reduced under given harmonic voltages. It is also confirmed that the proposed algorithm removed harmonics effectively and it generates only the fundamental wave.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.34-40
• /
• 2001

Fire extinguishing efficiency of mixed gaseous agents were investigated by the cup-burner test and predicting by the model of flame extinguishing concentration. The binary mixed agents that tested were carbon dioxide/HFC-23, carbon dioxide/HCFC-22, carbon dioxide/HFC-227ea, carbon dioxide/HFC-125, carbon dioxide/FIC-13I1, Hexafluoropropylene/HFC-23 and ternary mixed agents were carbon dioxide/HFC-23/HFC-l34a, carbon dioxide/HFC-23/HFC-227ea, carbon dioxide/HFC-23/HFC-125. A model which contains the flame extinguishing concentration and composition of pure components predicted the flame extinguishing concentration of mixture well. This model was superior when each component of the mixture exhibit physical fire extinguishing performance.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.48-53
• /
• 2001

In speaker verification based on LPC analysis the prediction residues are ignored and LPCC(LPC cepstrum) are only used to compose feature vectors. In this study, LPCC and RCEP (residual cepstrum) extracted from residues are used as feature parameters in the various environmental speaker verification. We propose the weighting function which can enlarge inter-speaker variation by weighting pitch, speaker inherent vector, included in residual cepstrum. Simulation results show that the average speaker verification rate is improved in the rate of 6％ with RCEP and LPCC at the same time and is improved in the rate of 2.45% with the proposed weighted RCEP and LPCC at the same time compared with no weighting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 1997.10a
• /
• pp.387-391
• /
• 1997

냉각재중의 방사능을 띤 성분 중에는 이온교환기에서 제거가 가능한 이온성분과 함께 필터에 의해서 주로 제거되는 입자성 물질로 존재한다. 운전중의 냉각재내 방사성 부식생성물의 물리적 조성 분포 측정 결과에 따르면 90%이상이 0.45$mu extrm{m}$필터에 의해 제거되는 입자성 물질로 구성되어 있다. 이로 인해 새수지 충전후 얼마 사용하지 않은 탈염기의 제염계수가 탈염기에서 완벽한 제거가 어려운 입자성 부식생성물로 인해 10이하를 나타낼 수 있다. 1차계통에 쓰이는 수지의 성능검사를 위해 사용하고 있는 현재의 제염계수 측정법은 다음과 같은 두가지 이유로 완벽하지 않음을 알 수 있다. 첫째, 냉각재중의 방사능을 띤 성분중에는 이온교환기에서 제거가 가능한 이온성분과 함께 필터에 의해 제거되는 입자성 물질도 함께 존재하므로 탈염기의 제염계수 측정 절차는 입자성 물질을 배제한 후 측정해야 하며, 특히 수치 교체를 결정하기 위한 제염계수 측정시에는 여과된 여액으로 방사능 농도를 측정하는 것이 바람직하다. 둘째 운전중인 냉각재의 시료중에는 핵분열 수율이 높고 핵연료봉 손상부위로 유출이 용이한 불활성 기체핵종들이 많이 존재하며, 탈염기 후단에서 채취한 시료중에도 많이 존재하고, 시료 이송과 방사능 측정동안의 짧은 시간동안에도 계속 붕괴반응함으로서 새로 생긴 핵종으로 인해 마치 탈염기의 제거능이 낮은 것으로 오판될 수 있다. 이러한 측정 오차인자를 고려하여야 1차계통 탈염기의 교환능력을 정확히 판정할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 2014

An isotopic hydrograph separation technique has been able to determine the contribution of new water (event water such as rain or snowmelt) and old water (pre-event water like groundwater) to a stream hydrograph for last several decades using stable water isotopes. It is based on the assumption that the isotopic compositions of both new water and old water at a given instant in time are known and the stream water is a mixture of the two waters. In this study, we show that there is a systematic error (standard error in the new water fraction) in the isotopic hydrograph separation if the average isotopic compositions of new water were used ignoring the temporal variations of those of new water. The standard error in the new water fraction is caused by: (1) the isotopic difference between the average value and temporal variations of new water; (2) the new water fraction as runoff contributing to the stream during rainfall or spring melt; and (3) the isotopic differences between new and old water (inversely). The standard error is large, in particular, when new water dominates the stream flow, such as runoff during intense rainfall and in areas of low infiltration during spring melt. To reduce the error in the isotopic hydrograph separation, incorporation of fractionation in the isotopic composition of new water observed at a point should be considered with simultaneous sampling of new water, old water and stream water.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.537-546
• /
• 2007

In hyperspectral remote sensing, linear spectral mixture model is a common procedure decomposing into the components of a mixed pixel and estimating the fraction of each end-member. Although linear spectral mixture model is frequently used in geology and mineral mapping because this model is simple and easy to apply, this model is not always valid in forest and urban area having rather complex structure. This study aims to analyze possible error for applying linear spectral mixture model. For the study, we measured laboratory spectra of mixture sample, having various materials, fractions, distributions. The accuracy of linear mixture model is low with the mixture sample having similar fraction because the multi-scattering between components is maximum. Additionally, this multi-scattering is related to the types, fraction, and distribution of components. Further analysis is necessary to quantify errors from linear spectral mixture model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.41 no.8
• /
• pp.783-789
• /
• 2017

In terms of 3D orientation estimation based on nine-axis IMMU(inertial and magnetic measurement unit), there are two disturbance components decreasing estimation accuracy: one is external acceleration disturbing accelerometer's signals and the other is magnetic disturbance related to magnetometer's signals. In order to minimize effects by these two disturbances, two approaches including switching approach and model-based approach have been suggested and further research comparing these two has also been conducted. Nevertheless, effect of disturbance modeling differences on orientation estimation accuracy in model-based approach has not been studied before. This paper compares the recently reported two orientation estimation algorithms that have difference in disturbance models, in order to investigate the effect of disturbance models on accuracy of IMMU-based orientation estimation under various operating conditions. This research shows that the difference in disturbance models leads to difference in process noise covariance matrix. Consequently, this affected the orientation estimation, i.e., the estimation differences between the algorithms were root mean square errors of $1.35^{\circ}$ in average and $3.63^{\circ}$ in yaw estimation.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 2020

In this paper. we propose an effective compensation scheme to the quantization error arisen from quantized learning in a machine learning on an embedded system. In the machine learning based on a gradient descent or nonlinear signal processing, the quantization error generates early vanishing of a gradient and occurs the degradation of learning performance. To compensate such quantization error, we derive an orthogonal compensation vector with respect to a maximum component of the gradient vector. Moreover, instead of the conventional constant learning rate, we propose the adaptive learning rate algorithm without any inner loop to select the step size, based on a nonlinear optimization technique. The simulation results show that the optimization solver based on the proposed quantized method represents sufficient learning performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.411-420
• /
• 2009

To plan a GPS survey, they have to decide if a survey can be conducted at a specific point and time based on the predicted GPS ephemeris. In this study, to predict ephemeris, we used the repeat time of a GPS satellite. The GPS satellite repeat time was determined by analysing correlation among three-dimensional satellite coordinates provided by the 48-hour GPS ephemeris in the ultra-rapid orbits. By using the calculated repeat time and Lagrange interpolation polynomials, we predicted GPS orbits f3r seven days. As a result, the RMS of the maximum errors in the X, Y, and Z coordinates were 39.8 km 39.7 km and 19.6 km, respectively. And the maximum and average three-dimensional positional errors were 119.5 km and 48.9 km, respectively. When the maximum 3-D positioning error of 119.5 km was translated into the view angle error, the azimuth and elevation angle errors were 9.7'and 14.9', respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.39.4-40
• /
• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 고해상도 합성개구레이더 센서를 탑재한 관측위성의 운용요구사항에 맞춰 임무기간 동안 관측 목표지역을 주기적으로 반복하고 지상궤적을 $\pm2km$ 범위 내에서 안정성을 갖도록 유지 조정하는 궤도제어 알고리즘 연구를 수행하는데 있다. 기존에 수행되어 왔던 지상궤적에 대한 오차를 해석적으로 계산하여 궤도를 유지 조정하는 방법이 아닌 기준궤도에 대하여 상대좌표계에서 표현된 위성의 실제 접촉궤도를 기준궤도와 직접적으로 비교하여 목표궤적을 유지 조정하는 알고리즘을 연구하였다. 이를 위해 첫째, 고해상도 관측위성의 운용요구사항을 만족하는 계획된 목표궤도인 기준궤도를 설계하였다. 기본적으로 기준궤도는 임무 설계 시 완전한 주기성이 고려된 최대한 실제에 가까운 궤도이기 때문에 지구중력장 모델만을 고려하여 간략하게 설계하였다. 둘째, 실제의 인공위성의 궤도는 계획된 기준궤도를 유지해야 하지만 시간에 따라 섭동력의 영향을 받아 계획된 궤도로부터 벗어나게 된다. 기준궤도로부터 실제궤도가 얼마나 벗어나는지에 대한 정량적 분석을 위해 지구 중력장, 달-태양 중력, 대기저항력, 태양복사압, 조석력 등과 같은 다양한 섭동력의 영향에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 셋째, 반경방향(radial), 진행방향(along-track), 교차방향(cross-track)의 세 방향의 성분으로 구성된 우주공간오차(Space Error) 개념을 적용하여, 투영된 지상궤적에 상응하는 오차를 계산하는 것 보다 안정적으로 오차를 계산하였다. 또한 운용요구사항에 따라 허용된 범위 내에서 궤도를 유지하기 위해 GVE(Gauss Variation Equation)을 이용한 궤도조정을 수행하였다. 섭동력의 분석 결과로부터 지구대기저항력, 달-태양 중력으로 인해 가장 두드러지는 장반경과 궤도이심률의 변화를 조정하기 위해, 임무에 사용되는 추력기의 연료 효율을 고려하여 동결궤도가 유지될 수 있는 최적의 위도이각에서 In-plane에 대한 궤도조정만을 수행하여 장반경과 이심률을 동시에 조정하였다. 지구대기와 태양활동의 영향으로 시간에 따른 장반경의 변화율에 따라 궤도조정 주기를 가지는 것을 알 수 있었고, 이 변화율 때문에 생기는 우주공간오차의 증가를 보정하여 위성의 지상궤적을 목표범위 안에서 유지할 수 있었다.