• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

전세계적으로 환경보호의 중요성에 대한 인식이 높아짐에 따라 "환경수용성(Environmentally Acceptable) 윤활기유에"에 대한 관심도 늘어나고 있으며, 선진국에서는 이미 이에 관한 연구가 국가적인 차원에서 진행되고 있다. 환경수용성 윤활기유는 크게 식물성 오일, 동물성 오일 및 합성 윤활기유로 분류된다. 환경수용성 윤활기유의 중요한 물성으로는 기유의 화학적 조성, 물리적 및 화학적 성질에 따른 생분해성 및 산화 안정성 등을 들 수 있다. 대표적인 환경수용성 윤활기유는 정제된 유채오일과 선택적으로 합성된 에스테르오일이 점차 주목을 받고 있으며 특히 이들의 생분해성이 우수하므로 그 중요성이 증가되고 있다. 유채오일과 에스테르오일을 비교해 보면 유채오일은 공급이 충분하고 비교적 값이 싼 반면에 에스테르오일은 식물성 오일보다 윤활 안정성은 우수하나 가격이 비싼 단점 때문에 광범위하게 사용되는데 다소 문제가 되고 있다. 이러한 문제에도 불구하고 생분해성이 우수한 에스테르오일이 오늘날 환경에 해로운 영향을 미치는 광유계 윤활기유를 대체할 수 있을 것으로 추정된다. 본고에서는 환경수용서 윤활기유의 중요성과 그 종류 및 개발동향에 관하여 고찰하고자 한다. 고찰하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.20-20
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• 1994

오일폐액처리에 있어서 한외여과막을 이용하는 기술은 이미 산업분야에서 성공적으로 적용되고 있다. 그러나 오일폐액처리에 있어서 농도분극 및 겔층 (Gal layer) 형성에 의한 플럭스 감소와 막의 수명 단축은 해결해야할 중요한 숙제로 남아있다. 이와같은 문제제기로부터 본 연구에서는 한외여과막에 의한 오일처리에서 공기를 유입함으로써 플럭스를 향상시켰고, 긍극적으로 막에 의한 수용성 오일 처리 기술의 경제적 효율을 높이는 방법을 연구하였다. 수용성 오일의 막 분리는 일반적으로 농도에 따른 플럭스의 변화가 Gel Polarization Model을 따르는 것으로 보고 있다. 즉 오일의 농도가 농축됨에 따라 플럭스가 급격히 감소하여 어느 농도이상 농축시키기 위해서는 비경제적인 운영을 해야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 플럭스를 향상시키기 위해 오일 용액내로 공기를 유입시켰다. 절삭유 용액속에는 에멀젼을 안정화 시키기 위한 계면활성제가 포함되어 있어 공기를 유입할 경우 용액의 상이 액체에서 거품과 액체와의 혼합상으로 변하게 된다. 이러한 상의 변화로 인해 농도에 따른 플럭스가 Gel Polarization Model을 따르지 않고 농도에 따른 감소가 현저히 둔화됨을 관찰하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.295-301
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• 2002

The effects of nonionic surfactant (SPAN 20) on the desulfurization process by Rhodococcus sp. strain IGTS8 have been investigated at various oil/water ratios, pHs and concentrations of surfactant. The hexadecane containing DBT was employed as model oil. The presence of surfactant in the oil/water mixture stabilized the oil/water interface, thus enhanced the efficiency of desulfurization. The volume percentages of oil in the oil/water mixture were 30, 50 and 70%. The concentrations of surfactant were varied from 0 to 0.33 wt% relative to water phase. In general, the biodesulfurization efficiencies were decreased as the concentration of SPAN 20 and the volume percentage of oil phase increased.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.216-225
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• 2002

Experimental study on the crossflow electro-microfi1tation of simulated oil emulsion waste water was carried out with polypropylene microfiltration membrane to evaluate the applicability of electrofiltration process in the treatment of oily waste water generated from many industries including nuclear field. The effects of electric field strength transmembrane pressure, crossflow velocity, and oil emulsion concentration on the permeate flux were investigated. In electro-microfiltration process using the external electric field, significant enhancement of permeate flux was achieved by diminishing membrane fouling and it was shown that considerable permeate flux can be maintained for long-term operation compared with conventional membrane filtration process without an electric field.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.122-128
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• 2000

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2010

Waxes, or long-chain hydrocarbons, may be obtained naturally from animals, vegetables, and mineral waxes, or may be synthesized. The oil-wax gels are widely applied to lots of cosmetics such as lipsticks. For example, the lipstick texture is strongly dependent on the glossiness of the oil-wax gels. Extensive research has been carried out to investigate the lattice structure of wax mixture in pure solvents (hydrocarbons) and defined mixtures. However, only a limited amount of work has been published on the lattice structure of wax matrixes in undefined mixtures. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the lattice structure of ceresin wax and different wax mixtures and the glossiness of oil-wax gels. Recently visual factors such as the glossiness of skin are generally known as the words to express the beauty. The mechanism of glossiness has been suggested to understand the changes that occur in the lattice structure of the wax matrixes when they are forming gels and also the effects of the nature of solvent. The present work investigates the lattice structure of the wax matrixes and glossiness of oil-wax gels obtained from ceresin and microcrystalline wax as well as of the gels formed by different waxes in solvent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.257-264
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• 2003

The international oil majors have been reducing the size of their own oil tanker fleet since from the beginning of 1980s. Like international oil majors, the Korean refineries are getting more dependent on tanker chartering than tanker ownership for their oil transportation since 1990s. They also prefer spot charter to time charter and this kind of trend continue up to today. Consequently, this paper attempted to find out factors influencing changes in tanker fleet composition. To attain the object, a empirical study is adopted using the ten decision making factors derived from the preceeding study. The findings are that MARPOL and OPA 90, and transportation cost are the most important factors influencing on oil tanker fleet composition.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.47-62
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• 2023

Using the dynamic panel model, this study investigates rent determinants for small and medium-sized office buildings in Korea's CBD and Gangnam areas, key business districts. The results reveal that rents for small and medium-sized office buildings in CBD and Gangnam areas are influenced by macroeconomic fluctuations and characteristics of buildings and locations, suggesting a market with both spatial consumer and investment goods attributes. There are several investment implications as follows. First, even if the location in the CBD area is advantageous, the practical limitations in renovating aging small and medium-sized office buildings must be taken into account when investing. Second, parking conditions are a key factor influencing rent prices in CBD areas, so evaluating the parking facilities and improvement potential of small and medium-sized office buildings is essential for investors. Finally, due to the high sensitivity of Gangnam's small and medium-sized office market to macroeconomic trends, it's vital to prioritize monetary policy shifts as a key factor in investment decisions.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.401-407
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• 2009

Commercial grades of solution styrene-butadiene rubbers extended with high aromatic oils having high polycyclic aromatic compounds (PCA) and low PCA oils were used to study the effect of the processing oil particularly on the crack propagation resistance and frictional wear resistance of the vulcanizates. The aromatic oil based vulcanizates exhibited superior fracture behavior over the low PCA oil extended vulcanizates based on tensile and trouser tear tests. Compounds with aromatic oil showed superior crack propagation resistance compared with those containing low PCA oil, especially at the lower ranges of tearing energy. In terms of frictional wear resistance, the aromatic oil extended compounds showed superior performance particularly in the lower frictional work ($W_f$) range but in the higher $W_f$ range the low PCA oil extended vulcanizates performed better.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2014

To investigate the effect of oil on evaporation heat transfer of plate heat exchanger, evaporation heat transfer experiment was carried out using experimental apparatus for micro gear pumped R134a-oil circulation. By varying oil circulation rate of POE oil from 0 to 5%, evaporation heat transfer performance of plate heat exchanger was investigated. As OCR(Oil Circulation Ratio) increases, the evaporation heat transfer coefficient of R134a decreases and pressure drop increases. When the evaporating temperature is $30^{\circ}C$ and the refrigerant mass flow rate is 80 g/s, evaporation heat transfer rate decreases by 10 % and pressure drop increases by 10% at 2% of OCR condition.