• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.224-236
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• 2003

This study tries to identify the terms which shared the same meaning with a present-day geographical concept region, or jibang(地方) in Korean, Prior to the initiation of modem geography. The analysis of the annals of the pre-modem political regimes and the earliest geography textbooks ends up with the terms oe(外), bang(方), oebang(外方), ji(地面). These terminologies, although having had almost similar meanings that region intends, nonetheless deliver somewhat different connotation depending on the context and times in and during which they were used. Another finding of significance is that region and jibang, both central .words in contemporary geography, began to be used only after the introduction, by way of Japan, of modem geography in the early 20th century. The colonial experience and subsequent political and social turmoil, however, results in careless uses of the terms in geography teaching and research. Efforts need to be continued to address the problems of misuse of these basic terms and, by doing so, to raise geographical pursuits on a right track.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.9-16
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• 2000

In order to achieve stiction-free polysilicon surfaces, we have suggested a new class of chemical coating precursors and confirmed their excellent characteristics. The strategy is to adopt dialkyldichlorosilanes (DDS, $R2SiCl_2$) instead of monoalkyltrichlorosilanes (MTS, $RSiCl_3$) such as octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) or 1H,1H2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS). Dichlorodimethylsilane (DDMS, $(CH_3)2SiCl_2$) in this study is commercially available DDS with two short chains. DDMS in aprotic media spontaneously deposits on the hydrophilic polysilicon surface, which is completely changed to hydrophobic one. When polysilicon surface is exposed to DDMS solution at room temperature, anti-stiction property and hydrophobicity are clearly comparable to FDTS. DDMS is even superior to MTS in reliability and easy handling, which provides high yield. Since interactions among precursor molecules are reduced, conglomeration both in homogeneous solution and on surface can be effectively avoided. Even the cantilevers of 3 mm in length can be protected successfully from the stiction and the final quality of the modified surfaces is much less dependent on temperature. And no difference was found between the processes in ambient environment and in dry box. In addition, DDMS has advantages of remarkably reduced process time and low cost.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.693-705
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• 2012

It is increasing the necessity of technology cooperation between nations, in the world, more and more. The international cooperation for the technology development have the dissipating effect of costs and risks and encourage efficient use of the knowledge and eventually help the firms better access overseas market easily. The S&T diplomacy of Korea is, at present, on international S&T cooperation to secure technologies to strengthen base of science, technology and innovation. This tendency is closely related with the governance issue in international S&T cooperation. And This international S&T cooperation is connected with the internationalization of firms. But it is getting more difficult for a firm, especially smaller firm like Korean SME to sustain the technological advantage over any significant period. The small and medium sized enterprises as Korean SME, internationalization of R&D is difficult just to think in terms of one framework with the limited accumulation of informations and experiences. So against that situation, this paper shows a new concept 'SME co-ordinator' as the role client(or player) reinforcing international S&T cooperation, sustaining the technological advantage for Korean SME. And 'SME co-ordinator' leads Korean SME to progress 'open innovation' not 'close innovation' as well as serving adequate information about appropriate partners and capable employer to help manage the international S&T cooperation for Internationalization of Industrial R&D for Korean SME.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.958-963
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• 2009

To improve the quality of boiled rice after storage in rice cookers, temperature was controlled at a lowered condition ($45{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ repeated temperature cycling), compared to the present commercial rice cookers ($75^{\circ}C$). The effect of lowered temperature cycling on the microbial growth, color of rice, and reducing sugar production was measured. The bacteria Bacillus cereus and B. subtilis were killed at $75^{\circ}C$ and $45{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ cycling. The temperature cycling at $45{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ prevented an increase in colony forming unit of E. coli more than the steady temperature at $75^{\circ}C$. Browning during storage was significantly decreased at $45{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ cycling, compared to $75^{\circ}C$. The yellowness increase (${\Delta}b$ value of CIE parameters of the colorimeter) after the 3-day storage was 2.18 at $45{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ cycling whereas 9.12 at $75^{\circ}C$. Reducing sugar was not produced at $75^{\circ}C$ and $45{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ cycling but produced at $30^{\circ}C$ because of the microbial growth. In conclusion, the temperature cycling at $45{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ can improve the quality of stored boiled rice by decreasing the browning and inhibiting the microbial growth.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.1 s.41
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• pp.1-19
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• 1993

Mail questionnaire was administrated to 370 practising physicians and 388 pharmacists in Taegu city selected by systematic sampling to examine utilization states and opinion of pharmacy under medical care insurance programme and the attitude to the functional division between physicians and pharmacists from April to May 1992. Regarding the opinion on the outcome of drug-store under medical insurance, 71.2 percent of practicing physician answered faliure but 13.4 percent of practicing pharmacists answered failure in contrast. Fifty percent of practicing physician asserted introducing functional division between physician and pharmacist while 66.9 percent of practicing pharmacist answered drug-store under medical insurance itself is sucessful programme. Average daily numbers of preparation of medicine was 32.2 case. Percentage of utilization of drug-store under medical issurance to average daily cases of preparing of medicine was 20 percent, percentage of utilization with physician's prescription was 0.7 percent. And 58.7 percent of practicing physician experienced outside the institute prescription. Regarding the opinion on the pros and cons of enforcing functional division between physician and pharmacist, 59.2 percent of practicing physician prefered pros and 17.7 percent cons, but 38 percent of practicing pharmacist prefered pros and 45.5 percent cons. And pharmacist knew better the content of functional division between physician and pharmacist than physician. As a reason for pros of enforcing functional division between physician and pharmacist, practicing physician emphasized to prevent misuse or abuse of medicine but practicing pharmacist emphasized to display physician and pharmacist's professional ability. And as an opinion on implementation style of functional division between physician and pharmacist in pros respondents, practicing physician favored mandatory enforcement (52.3%), while practicing pharmacist favored partial incomplete functional division (81.7%). As the method of prescription if functional division between physician and pharmacist will be enforced, both practicing physician and pharmacist prefered generic name (44.0%, 89%) mostly, but physician prefered brand name (35.3%) secondly. Regarding the reason for not implementing functional division between physician and pharmacist up to date, both physician and pharmacist answered problem of business right between physician and pharmacist, followed by lack of recognition, and interest of people and lack of the govermental willness. Regarding the opinion on prior decision of condition for enforcing functional division between physician and pharmacist, practicing physician and pharmacist named uneven distribution of medical facilities and drug-store between rural and urban, inequality of physician and pharmacist manpower and the problem of manpower demand and supply mostly, and practicing physician pointed out establishing attitude of acceptance on the part of pharmacist and practicing pharmacist favored establishing attitude of acceptance on the part of physician, which was different attitudes between physician and pharmacist. Following conclusion was reached ; 1. Current drug-store under medical insurance program yield insufficient outcome, so we should consider program conversion from drug-store under medical insurance program to functional division between physician and pharmacist. 2. There were problem of business right and conflicts between physician and pharmacist at enforcing functional division between physician and pharmacist, so the goverment should search for formulating plan to resolve the problem and have neutral willness for the protection of the national health.