• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2008

The study examined the characteristics of internet shopping mall sites including on-line market places and integrated internet stores from a perspective of consumer protection. Specifically, the study investigated 1) whether sufficient information is provided on the internet shopping mall sites, 2) whether shopping mall sites abide by internet advertising principles, and 3) specific examples of consumer misleading potentialities from internet shopping sites. Further, on-line market places and integrated internet stores were compared based on their informativeness and potential consumer misleading factors. Total 50 shopping mall sites were analyzed for examining the types of information provided and consumer misleading factors. To verify study questions, descriptive statistics were used. For comparison between on-line market places and integrated internet stores, Chi-square test and independent-sample t-test were employed. The results of this study were as the following: First, not a few of the internet shopping mall sites did not provided important information such as safety and warrantees. Second, important disclosures were not noticeable on the web pages and distracting factors were frequently used. Third, integrated internet stores were desirable compared to on-line marketplaces based on informativeness and consumer misleading potentialities. As the result of this study, internet shopping malls need to advised to provide sufficient information and reduce potential misleading factors.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.93-93
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• 2018

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.239-266
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• 2004

This article presents new perspectives for analysing and diagnosing students' mathematical errors on the basis of Pascaul-Leone's neo-Piagetian theory. Although Pascaul-Leone's theory is a cognitive developmental theory, its psychological mechanism gives us new insights on mathematical errors. We analyze mathematical errors in the domain of proof problem solving comparing Pascaul-Leone's psychological mechanism with mathematical errors and diagnose misleading factors using Schoenfeld's levels of analysis and structure and fuzzy cognitive map(FCM). FCM can present with cause and effect among preconceptions or misconceptions that students have about prerequisite proof knowledge and problem solving. Conclusions could be summarized as follows: 1) Students' mathematical errors on proof problem solving and LC learning structures have the same nature. 2) Structures in items of students' mathematical errors and misleading factor structures in cognitive tasks affect mental processes with the same activation mechanism. 3) LC learning structures were activated preferentially in knowledge structures by F operator. With the same activation mechanism, the process students' mathematical errors were activated firstly among conceptions could be explained.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2008

A geochemical technique based on rare earth element geochemistry was used to clarity the source of the Asian dust (Yellow sand) in the Daejeon area. The Asian dusts were collected 4 times during 31th March- 2nd April and 25th May-27th May 2007. The Yellow sand shows PAAS (Post Archean Australian Shale)-normalized REE pattern of the flattened LREE and slightly depleted LREE without Eu anomaly, whereas the Daejeon soil has slightly enriched LREE and depleted HREE with negative Eu anomaly. Our results show that REE patterns of the Asian dust are LREE-flattened similar to those of the sediment from the south-eastern part of Ordos desert. This suggests that Asian dust in the Daejeon area might be derived from the south-eastern part of Ordos desert.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.173-190
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• 2014

According to COSO(2013) "Internal control is a process that is designed to provide reasonable assurance that a firm can achieve its objectives, where differing aspects of internal control can be partitioned into operating objectives, reporting objectives, and compliance objectives." Internal control over financial reporting(ICFR) is focus on reporting objectives and includes that provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Thus, firms with weak ICFR have negative a effect on Firm value because those firms are great likelihood of misappropriation and inefficiency decision. In this regard, this study investigates the association of ICFR with the likelihood of firm failure. Specially, I measure the characteristic of ICFR as disclosures of material weaknesses and operating personnel of ICFR. I identify the likelihood of firm failure as going-concern opinion issued in audit report. As result, I find that a higher probability of firm failure is positively associated with the material weakness in ICFR also I find that a higher probability of firm failure is negatively associated with experience and qualified CPA of personnel in ICFR.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.225-235
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• 2007

The freshwater fish fauna and physical characteristics of streams in Yeosu peninsula and Geumo Islands were surveyed at thirty nine stations in the period of 2003 and 2005. Most of the streams were short in length and narrow in flowing water width. Main materials of riverbed in most stations were cobble, pebble and gravel; those in the stations adjacent river mouth gravel and sand. In the river type, eighteen stations out of surveyed stations were upstream type: Aa. Thirty nine fish species belonging sixteen families were caught in this survey region. Among them twenty seven species were primary freshwater fishes and nine were peripheral. In the species composition of each family, there were the most species in Cyprinidae and Gobiidae, twelve and ten species, respectively. Endemic species of Korean peninsula in this region were eight species. One exotic fish species, Lepomis macrochirus was found in Yeosu peninsula. Dominant species in each district was Zacco temminckii in Yeosu peninsula, Rhinogobius brunneus in Dolsan Island, Leucopsarion petersii in Geumo island and Oryzias latipes in Gae island. In the analysis of community structure, it was appeared that the community of Yeosu peninsula was the most diverse and stable in this region; as the size of island became smaller, diversity and richness of community decreased. Kichulchoia brevifasciata did not caught in this survey, and it is possible that the species was extincted in this island. Acanthorhodeus gracilis and L. petersii were reported firstly in this region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.393-393
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• 2013

나노입자를 포함하는 합성물은 전자소자와 광전소자의 응용 가능성 때문에 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 복합층을 사용한 소자의 전기적 성질에 대한 연구는 많이 진행되었으나, SiC/SiNx 다층 복합층 소자에 대한 광학적 특성에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 미흡하다. 본 연구는 SiC/SiNx 다층 복합층을 사용하여 스퍼터링 방법으로 형성하고 열처리를 사용하여 복합층의 미세구조와 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. SiNx층을 p-형 Si 기판 위에 성장한 후 SiC층을 형성하였다. 3번의 주기적인 성장으로 다층구조를 형성하고, 30분 동안 열처리 하였다. 투과전자현미경상은 SiC/SiNx 복합층에 SiC 나노입자가 형성한 것을 확인하였다. 광류미네센스 스펙트럼 결과는 형성한 SiC/SiNx 복합층을 열처리할 때 SiC층에서 나타나는 주된 피크 위치가 변위되는 것을 보였다. 광류 미네센스 스펙트럼 결과에서 나타난 주된 피크가 열치리에 따라 변화하는 원인을 규명하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.42-53
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• 1991

고유전율 적충세라믹 커패시터 소재인 $BaTiO_3$ 자기물은 일반적으로 큐리오도인 약 $120^{\circ}C$부근에서 유전율이 최고 약 10,000정도로 증가한 다음 급격히 감소하므로 적절한 이동체를 첨가하여 큐리온도를 상온으로 이동시켜 상온에서 최대 유전율을 이용하여야 한다. 그리고$BaTiO_3$ 자기물은 $1300^{\circ}C$이상의 고온소결시 고가인 Pd전극이 요구된다. 그러나 자기물의 소결온도를 저온화화면 저가의 Ag합금으로 전극재료를 대체할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이동제로서 $CaSnO_3$ 를 이용하여 큐리온도를 상온으로 이동시켰다. 또한 소결온도를 저온화하기 위하여 $BaTiO_3$ 세라믹에 여러가지 산화물을 첨가하여 소결현상을 살펴보았다. 실험결과 첨가제를 넣지 않은 경우 소결온도는 $1350^{\circ}C$의 고온이 필요한 반면, $CuO,B_2O_3$는 $1050^{\circ}C$의 낮은 온도에서도 치밀화와 입도성장이 잘 일어났다. 특히 $B_2$$O_3$ 를 첨가한 경우는 $1250^{\circ}C$이상에서 소결할 때 절연저항이 낮아 유전손실이 큰 문제점을 보였지만, 최대 유전율이 11,000 정도로 높고, 양호한 유전율의 온도변화 특성을 나타내어 우수한 고유전율 소재의 첨가제로 응용될 가능성을 보였다

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.186-186
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• 2010

액정디스플레이, 유기발광소자 및 태양전지에서 전도성 투명전극으로 indium-tin-oxide (ITO)가 일반적으로 많이 사용되고 있지만 인듐의 희소성과 유독성으로 인하여 ITO를 대체할 수 있는 물질에 대한 많은 연구가 현재 진행되고 있다. ITO 전극을 대체할 수 있는 물질 중에서 Al 도핑된 ZnO (AZO) 박막은 높은 전도성과 광학적 투과성 때문에 다양한 광전소자의 전극과 윈도우 물질로 많은 응용 가능성을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 스퍼터링 증착 조건에서 증착된 AZO 박막의 전기적특성과 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. 기준시료의 AZO 박막 증착 조건은 ZnO-2 wt.% $Al_2O_3$세라믹 타겟을 사용하였고 $250^{\circ}C$의 기판 온도에서 100 W 전력으로 5 mTorr의 진공 분위기에서 증착되었다. 최적의 AZO 박막 조건을 얻기 위해 증착 온도와 증착 챔버의 압력을 변화하면서 AZO 박막의 전기적 특성 변화와 광학적 특성 변화를 조사하였다. 4-포인트 프로브 측정과 홀 효과측정으로 각기 다른 조건에서 증착한 AZO 박막의 비저항과 전하농도 값을 비교 분석하였고 UV 스펙트로미터 측정을 통해서 AZO 박막의 투과율을 조사하였다. 스퍼터링 방법으로 증착된 AZO 박막은 높은 전도성과 광학적 투과성을 가지기 때문에 액정디스플레이, 유기발광소자 및 태양전지의 투명전극으로 사용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the chemical characteristics of soils collected from the several deserts and loess in China known as the typical source areas of Asian dust (the Taklamakan desert, the Alashan desert, the Ordos desert and the Loess Plateau). Based on our analysis, we examined the possibility of adverse effects on environments and human health. In each desert and loess, major elemental compositions of soils did not show large variations, implying that the long-periodic mixing of soils in each area made their chemical compositions homogeneous. Minor elements of soils in each desert and loess showed more complicated patterns with strong correlations each other (e.g., Cr, Cu, As, Co, Ni, V, Y, Sc, Sn, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cs, Li, Th, U). These results thus enable us to discriminate the soil of the Loess Plateau from those of the other deserts in China. The results of sequential extraction experiments for soils showed that the chemical speciation of Fe was dominant in residual fraction (>85%) in all deserts and loess, but the fractions of Mn and Ca chemical speciations were very different in each area. In the case of Mn, the fraction of amorphous Fe-Mn hydroxides (55.4%) in the Central Loess Plateau and the carbonate fraction (33.8%) in Taklamakan desert were higher as much as 2 to 5 times than other deserts. The chemical speciations of Ca are dominant in carbonate fraction in Taklamakan (75.9%) and Alashan (50.5%) deserts, but carbonate fractions of Ca in the Loess Plateau and Ordos deserts were low (6.6% and 2.1%, respectively). According to the mobility of trace elements inferred from the results of sequential extraction procedure, we could classify them into five groups, and the mobility of Cd, Pb and Cu are more than 87%, 33% and 30%, respectively. Therefore, Cd, Pb and Cu in soils of deserts and loess could be easily dissolved when interacted with surface water. As such, they could give adverse effects on surficial environments and human health.