• Title/Summary/Keyword: 예측유입량

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Integrated Storage Function Model with Fuzzy Control for Flood Forecasting (I) - Theory and Proposal of Model - (홍수예보를 위한 통합저류함수모형의 퍼지제어 (I) - 이론 및 모형의 수립 -)

  • Lee, Jeong-Gyu;Kim, Han-Seop
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.689-699
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    • 2000
  • This paper presents the integrated storage function model (ISFM) to improve the accuracy of the storage function model (SFM) which is widely employed for flood runoff analysis and its forecasting in Korea. In order to achieve this objective, the optimization method is applied for estimation of parameters of the model which dominate the accuracy of the analysis, which is usually taken by empirical formulae, and they are treated as time dependent variables. The fuzzy control technique is used to detennine the time variant parameters. In addition, the ISFM can be applied to the combined routing of the watershed and the channel with a residual watershed.ershed.

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Forecasting of Pollution Inflow of the Small Channel Catchment (소하천 유역에서의 오염 유입량 예측)

  • Kim, Dong-Phil;Jeon, Min-Woo;Yim, Dong-Hee
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.451-459
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    • 2008
  • This study was carried out forecasting of pollution inflow of the Small Mountainous Catchment, namely; Seolma-cheon experimental catchment. Pollutographs of DO, BOD, T-N, Conductivity, T-p, pH. COD, SS from this catchment were obtained from in-situ data of total ten events using QUAL2E-PULS model. From the analysis results, between up stream(Sabang-bridge) and down stream (Memorial-bridge, outlet) obtained relation formula of water quality component. Determination coefficient of relation formula, Conductivity, COD, BOD, DO, pH, T-N, T-P, and SS showed high relation of $0.87{\sim}0.99$. The increases of DO, BOD, COD, and pH concentration of Memorial-bridge were associated with pollution inflow by road building far 2.25km from Sabang-bridge to down stream. The analysis results of QUAL2E-PULS simulation and up/down stream relation formula, pollution amounts of DO, BOD, COD and pH increased at Memorial-bridge and pollution source site. Therefore, pollution inflow can be forecasted exactly by up/down stream relation formula at pollution source site.

Filling in Hydrological Missing Data Using Imputation Methods (Imputation Method를 활용한 수문 결측자료의 보정)

  • Kang, Tae-Ho;Hong, Il-Pyo;Km, Young-Oh
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.1254-1259
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    • 2009
  • 과거 관측된 수문자료는 분석을 통해 다양한 수문모형의 평가 및 예측과 수자원 정책결정에서 활용된다. 하지만 관측장비의 오작동 및 관측범위의 한계에 의해 수집된 자료에는 결측이 존재한다. 단순히 결측이 존재하는 벡터를 제외하거나, 결측이 존재하는 자료 구간에 선형성이 존재한다는 가정 하에 평균을 활용하기도 했으나, 이로 인하여 자료의 통계특성에 왜곡이 야기될 수 있다. 본 연구는 결측의 보정으로 자료가 보유하는 정보의 손실 및 왜곡을 최소화 할 수 있는 방안을 연구하고자 한다. 자료의 결측은 크게 완벽한 무작위 결측(missing completely at random, MCAR), 무작위 결측(missing at random, MAR), 무작위성이 없는 결측(nonrandom missingness)으로 분류되며, 수문자료는 결측을 포함한 기간이 그 외 기간의 자료와 통계적으로 동일하지는 않지만 결측자료의 추정이 가능한 MAR에 속하는 것이 일반적이므로 이를 가정으로 결측을 보정하였다. Local Lest Squares Imputation(LLSimput)을 결측의 추정을 위해 사용하였으며, 기존에 쉽게 사용되던 선형보간법과 비교하였다. 적용성 평가를 위해 소양강댐 일 유입량 자료에 1 - 5 %의 결측자료를 임의로 생성하였다. 동일한 양의 결측자료에 대해 100개의 셋을 사용하여 보정의 불확실성 범위를 적용된 방법에 대해 비교..평가하였으며, 결측 증가에 따른 보정효과의 변화를 검토하였다. Normalized Root Mean Squared Error(NRMSE)를 사용하여 적용된 두 방법을 평가한 결과, (1) 결측자료의 비가 낮을수록 간단한 선형보간법을 사용한 보정이 효과적이었다. (2) 하지만 결측의 비가 증가할수록 선형보간법의 보정효과는 점차 큰 불확실성과 낮은 보정효과를 보인 반면, (3) LLSimpute는 결측의 증가에 관계없이 일정한 보정효과 및 불확실성 범위를 나타내는 것으로 드러났다.

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Numerical Modeling for Sediment Depositional Changes due to Channel Contraction (하천에서의 하도 축소로 인한 퇴사거동 수치모의)

  • Kim, Kwun-Han;Han, Seung-Wun;Ji, Un;Park, Sang-Kil;Yeo, Woon-Kwang
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.734-739
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    • 2009
  • 낙동강하구둑은 바다로부터의 염수칩입을 방지하고 하구둑 상류의 지속적인 용수 공급을 위해 1987년에 건설되었으며 이로 인해 낙동강 상류로부터 유입되는 유사가 낙동강하구둑 근처에서의 유속 감소로 인해 상류 접근수로에 퇴적되는 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이러한 낙동강하구둑 상류의 퇴적되는 유사로 인해 낙동강하류의 하상이 상승되고 통수단면이 축소되는 현상이 발생할 수 있으며 이는 홍수범람의 위험성을 가중 시키는 원인이 될 수 있다. 따라서 매년 하구둑 상류 접근수로에서는 퇴적되는 유사를 제거하기 위해 하구둑 건설 이후에 매년 준설 작업이 수행되고 있으며 최근에 이를 대체할 수 있는 여러 방법들이 여러 연구를 통해 검토되고 있는 실정이다. 특히 하폭이 급격하게 증가하는 하구둑 상류 2 km 지점은 매년 준설 작업 전에 시행되는 측량 자료에 의하면 이 지점에 많은 양의 유사가 퇴적되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 낙동강하구둑 접근수로에서 매년 준설되는 퇴사를 하구둑 상류 2 km 지점 우안 쪽을 매립함으로써 하도를 인위적으로 축소시켜 유속을 증가시키고 결과적으로 퇴사량을 경감 시킬 수 있을 것으로 예측된다. 이러한 하도 축소를 이용한 퇴사 저감 방법의 적용성 검토를 위해 2차원 수치모형인 RMA2 모형과 SED2D 모형을 이용하여 흐름 및 하상변동 분석하였다.

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A Development of Inflow Forecasting Models for Multi-Purpose Reservior (다목적 저수지 유입량의 예측모형)

  • Sim, Sun-Bo;Kim, Man-Sik;Han, Jae-Seok
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 1992.07a
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    • pp.411-418
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    • 1992
  • The purpose of this study is to develop dynamic-stochastic models that can forecast the inflow into reservoir during low/drought periods and flood periods. For the formulation of the models, the discrete transfer function is utilized to construct the deterministic characteristics, and the ARIMA model is utilized to construct the stochastic characteristics of residuals. The stochastic variations and structures of time series on hydrological data are examined by employing the auto/cross covariance function and auto/cross correlation function. Also, general modeling processes and forecasting method are used the model building methods of Box and Jenkins. For the verifications and applications of the developed models, the Chungju multi-purpose reservoir which is located in the South Han river systems is selected. Input data required are the current and past reservoir inflow and Yungchun water levels. In order to transform the water level at Yungchon into streamflows, the water level-streamflows rating curves at low/drought periods and flood periods are estimated. The models are calibrated with the flood periods of 1988 and 1989 and hourly data for 1990 flood are analyzed. Also, for the low/drought periods, daily data of 1988 and 1989 are calibrated, and daily data for 1989 are analyzed.

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Prediction of the Pollutant Loading into Estuary Lake according to Non-cultivation and Cultivation conditions of Reclaimed Tidal Land (담수호 유입 오염부하량의 간척농지 영농 전.후 변화 예측)

  • Yoon, Kwang-Sik;Choi, Soo-Myung;Yang, Hong-Mo;Han, Kuk-Heon;Han, Kyung-Soo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.7 no.1 s.13
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 2001
  • Estimation of current and future loading from watershed is necessary for the sound management of water quality of an estuary lake. Pollution sources of point and non-point source pollution were surveyed and Identified for the Koheung watershed. Unit factor method was used to estimate potential pollutant load from the watershed of current conditions. Flow rate and water qualify of base flow and storm-runoff were monitored in the main streams of the watershed. Estimation of runoff pollutant loading from the watershed into the lake in current conditions was conducted by GWLF model after calibration using observed data. Prospective pollutant loading from the reclaimed paddy fields under cultivation conditions was estimated using the modified CREAMS model. As a result, changes of pollutant loading into estuary lake according to non-cultivation and cultivation conditions of reclaimed tidal land were estimated.

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A Study on Changes of Water Quality in River by Hydrologic Factors -QUAL2E Model Application- (수문인자에 의한 하천 수질 변화에 관한 연구 -QUAL2E 모형 중심으로-)

  • 유희정
    • Water for future
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.75-85
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    • 1993
  • In this study, reach boundaries in QUAL2E Model were set by the locations of point-waste discharge or tributary input and measured or direct calculated hydrologic factors were used in computation as much as possible. South Platte Experimental River in Colorado, USA was selected as a target river and data collected during September 1991 and January 1992 periods were used for calibration and verification, respectively. Constituents modeled in this study are 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand(CBOD$) and dissolved oxygen(DO). The good agreement was obtained between a calculated using this model and observed, less than 5% to DO and about 20% to CBOD$. According to the result of water-quality prediction, experimental river is classified as the 4th category by the criteria of environmental protection agency in the USA in 2001.

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Numerical Simulation of Wind Induced Circulation in a Thermally Stratified Flow (수온성층흐름에서 바람에 의해 발생하는 순환흐름해석)

  • Lee, Jin Woo;Cho, Yong-Sik
    • 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2011.02a
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    • pp.44-44
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    • 2011
  • 저수지와 같은 갇혀진 수체는 상류에서 유입되는 오염물질 뿐만 아니라 성층현상에 의해서도 오염될 수 있다. 안정된 성층은 혐기성 조건을 제공하여 바닥에서의 과도한 조류성장을 유발하고 연직순환흐름을 방해한다. 갇혀진 수체에서의 연직순환은 환경적인 문제를 감소시킬 수 있도록 중요한 역할을 한다. 갇혀진 수체에서의 연직순환은 이러한 오염을 줄이는데 중요한 역할을 하는데, 연직순환을 일으키는 인자로는 빛의 입사, 바람, 물의 온도 및 열의 확산 등이 있으며, 그중에서도 가장 중요한 것은 바람의 영향이다. 그러므로 성층화된 흐름에서 바람에 의해 발생하는 연직순환에 대한 수치모형을 개발하고 적용하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 수온성층흐름에서의 순환흐름을 해석하기 위하여 유속성분을 계산하고 자유수면 변위와 온도, 염도등과 같은 스칼라양의 해석을 위해 다음과 같은 3단계의 방법을 이용하였다. 첫 번째 단계(정수압 계산단계)에서는 운동량 방정식의 경사항을 음해적으로 해석하고, 두 번째 단계(자유수면 보정단계)에서는 자유수면의 변화를 계산하고 수평방향 유속성분을 계산한다. 예측-수정자 방법(predictor-corrector step method)을 이용하여 자유수면변위와 유속을 구하였다. 마지막으로 세 번째 단계(이송-확산단계)에서는 이송-확산 방정식을 이용하여 스칼라양을 계산하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 모형의 정확도를 검증하기 위하여 정사각형수조에서 진동하는 자유수면의 해석해와 비교하였고, 성층화된 흐름에서 발생하는 연직순환에 대하여 수치모의를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 본 연구에서 개발된 수치모형이 흐름 내부의 현상을 잘 묘사함을 알 수 있었다.

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Probabilistic Forecasting of Seasonal Inflow to Reservoir (계절별 저수지 유입량의 확률예측)

  • Kang, Jaewon
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.22 no.8
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    • pp.965-977
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    • 2013
  • Reliable long-term streamflow forecasting is invaluable for water resource planning and management which allocates water supply according to the demand of water users. It is necessary to get probabilistic forecasts to establish risk-based reservoir operation policies. Probabilistic forecasts may be useful for the users who assess and manage risks according to decision-making responding forecasting results. Probabilistic forecasting of seasonal inflow to Andong dam is performed and assessed using selected predictors from sea surface temperature and 500 hPa geopotential height data. Categorical probability forecast by Piechota's method and logistic regression analysis, and probability forecast by conditional probability density function are used to forecast seasonal inflow. Kernel density function is used in categorical probability forecast by Piechota's method and probability forecast by conditional probability density function. The results of categorical probability forecasts are assessed by Brier skill score. The assessment reveals that the categorical probability forecasts are better than the reference forecasts. The results of forecasts using conditional probability density function are assessed by qualitative approach and transformed categorical probability forecasts. The assessment of the forecasts which are transformed to categorical probability forecasts shows that the results of the forecasts by conditional probability density function are much better than those of the forecasts by Piechota's method and logistic regression analysis except for winter season data.

Forecasting of Seasonal Inflow to Reservoir Using Multiple Linear Regression (다중선형회귀분석에 의한 계절별 저수지 유입량 예측)

  • Kang, Jaewon
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.22 no.8
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    • pp.953-963
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    • 2013
  • Reliable long-term streamflow forecasting is invaluable for water resource planning and management which allocates water supply according to the demand of water users. Forecasting of seasonal inflow to Andong dam is performed and assessed using statistical methods based on hydrometeorological data. Predictors which is used to forecast seasonal inflow to Andong dam are selected from southern oscillation index, sea surface temperature, and 500 hPa geopotential height data in northern hemisphere. Predictors are selected by the following procedure. Primary predictors sets are obtained, and then final predictors are determined from the sets. The primary predictor sets for each season are identified using cross correlation and mutual information. The final predictors are identified using partial cross correlation and partial mutual information. In each season, there are three selected predictors. The values are determined using bootstrapping technique considering a specific significance level for predictor selection. Seasonal inflow forecasting is performed by multiple linear regression analysis using the selected predictors for each season, and the results of forecast using cross validation are assessed. Multiple linear regression analysis is performed using SAS. The results of multiple linear regression analysis are assessed by mean squared error and mean absolute error. And contingency table is established and assessed by Heidke skill score. The assessment reveals that the forecasts by multiple linear regression analysis are better than the reference forecasts.