• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.249-260
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• 2007

Purpose: In order to enhance the quality of IMRT as employed in Korea, we developed a remote monitoring system. The feasibility of the system was evaluated by conducting a pilot study. Materials and Methods: The remote monitoring system consisted of a head and neck phantom and a user manual. The phantom contains a target and three OARs (organs at risk) that can be detected on CT images. TLD capsules were inserted at the center of the target and at the OARs. Two film slits for GafchromicEBT film were located on the axial and saggital planes. The user manual contained an IMRT planning guide and instructions for IMRT planning and the delivery process. After the manual and phantom were sent to four institutions, IMRT was planed and delivered. Predicted doses were compared with measured doses. Dose distribution along the two straight lines that intersected at the center of the axial film was measured and compared with the profiles predicted by the plan. Results: The measurements at the target agreed with the predicted dose within a 3% deviation. Doses at the OARs that represented the thyroid glands showed larger deviations (minimum 3.3% and maximum 19.8%). The deviation at OARs that represented the spiral cord was $0.7{\sim}1.4%$. The percentage of dose distributions that showed more than a 5% of deviation on the lines was $7{\sim}27%$ and $7{\sim}14%$ along the horizontal and vertical lines, respectively. Conculsion: Remote monitoring of IMRT using the developed system was feasible. With remote monitoring, the deviation at the target is expected to be small while the deviation at the OARs can be very large. Therefore, a method that is able to investigate the cause of a large deviation needs to be developed. In addition, a more clinically relevant measure for the two-dimensional dose comparison and pass/fail criteria need to be further developed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.333-341
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• 2011

To compare between calcium scoring CT (CSCT) and Low-dose CT (LDCT) image finding for coronary artery calcification (CAC) in screening of lung disease by MDCT. A total of 61 subjects who retired-workers exposed to inorganic dust were performed LDCT and CSCT by using a MDCT scanner on the same day, after be approved by the institutional review board, and obtaining the written informed consent from all subjects. LDCT images were read for detecting lung diseases as well as CAC by a experienced chest radiologist, then the subjects were divided either the positive group with CAC or the negative group without it. The CSCT was used to quantify and detect the presence of calcification in the coronary artery, and score of CAC calculated by using a Rapidia software (ver 2.8). In all coronary arteries, calcium score of positive group was higher better than that in negative group, especially in the total calcium (13.7 vs. 582.9, p=0.008) and the left anterior descending artery (3.2 vs. 249.0, p=0.006). CAC findings between CSCT and LDCT image were showed excellent agreement in cut-off point 100(K-value=0.80, 95% CI=0.69-0.91) from total calcium score. CAC findings on LDCT images showed the higher relation with CSCT. Therefore, the obstructive coronary artery disease could be predicted by CAC on LDCT images for screening of lung diseases.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1997

Purpose : Before we report the results of curative radiotherapy in cervix cancer patients, we review the significance and safety of our dose specification methods in the brachytherapy system to have the insight of the potential Predictive value of doses at specified points. Matersials and Methods : We analyze the 리5 cases of cervix cancer patients treated with intracavitary brachytherapy in the lateral simulation film we draw the isodose curve and observe the absorbed dose rate of point A, the reference point of bladder(SBD) and rectum(SRD). In the sagittal view of Pelvic MRI film we demarcate the tumor volume(TV) and determine whether the prescription dose curve of point A covers the tumor volume adequately by drawing the isodose curve as correctly as possible. Also we estimate the maximum Point dose of bladder(MBD) and rectum(MRD) and calculate the inclusion area where the absorbed dose rate is higher than that of point A in the bladder(HBV) and rectum(HRV), respectively. Results : Of forty-five cases, the isodose curve of point A seems to cover tumor volume optimally in only 24(53%). The optimal tumor coverage seems to be associated not with the stage of the disease but with the tumor volume. There is no statistically significant association between SBD/SRD and MBD/MRD, respectively. SRD has statistically marginally significant association with HRV, while TV has statistically significant association with HBV and HRV. Conclusion : Our current treatment calculation methods seem to have the defect in the aspects of the nonoptimal coverage of the bulky tumor and the inappropriate estimation of bladder dose. We therefore need to modify the applicator geometry to optimize the dose distribution at the position of lower tandem source. Also it appears that the position of the bladder in relation to the applicators needs to be defined individually to define 'hot spots'.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the variation of radiation dose distribution for liver tumor located in liver dome and for the interest organs(normal liver, kidney, stomach) with the pencil beam convolution (PBC) algorithm versus anisotropic Analyticalal algorithm (AAA) of the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system, The target volumes from 20 liver cancer patients were used to create treatment plans. Treatment plans for 10 patients were performed in Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) plan and others were performed in 3 Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT) plan. dose calculation was recalculated by AAA algorithm after dose calculation was performed by PBC algorithm for 20 patients. Plans were optimized to 100% of the PTV by the Prescription Isodose in Dose Calculation with the PBC algorithm. Plans were recalculated with the AAA, retaining identical beam arrangements, monitor units, field weighting and collimator condition. In this study, Total PTV was to be statistically significant (SRS: p=0.018, 3DCRT: p=0.006) between PBC and AAA algorithm. and in the case of PTV, ITV in liver dome, plans for 3DCRT were to be statistically significant respectively (p=0.013, p=0.024). normal liver and kidney were to be statistically significant (p=0.009, p=0.037). For the predictive index of dose variation, CVF ratio was to be statistically significant for PTV in the liver dome versus PTV (SRS r=0.684, 3DCRT r=0.732, p<0.01) and CVF ratio for Tumor size was to be statistically significant (SRS r=-0.193, p=0.017, 3DCRT r=0.237, p=0.023).

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.263-268
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• 1996

CANDU 6 형 원자로의 반응도제어기구 설치대에 있는 수많은 반응도제어기구들은 원자로심에서 발생한 방사선의 흐름통로를 제공하므로 설치대에서의 방사선 피폭이 예상된다. 이런 반응도제어기구 설치대에서의 방사선량을 예측하기 위하여 1 차원 각분할 전산코드인 ANISN 과 2 차원 각분할 전산코드인 DOT를 사용하여 방사선 차폐해석을 수행하였다. 반응도제어기구 도관을 통과하는 방사선의 흐름에 기인한 월성 2호기 반응도제어기구 설치대 상단에서의 최대 선량율은 31$\mu$Sv/hr 로 설계 목표치 250$\mu$Sv/hr 보다 낮게 평가되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.269-274
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• 1996

월성원자력발전소 2호기와 같은 CANDU 6형 원자로의 반응도제어기구 설치대에는 여러 반응도제어기구가 삽입되기때문에 원자로심으로부터의 방사선흐름현상으로 인한 방사선피폭이 예상될 수 있는 위치이다. 좁고 긴 반응도제어기구 도관에서의 방사선 흐름으로 인한 반응도제어기구 설치대에서의 방사선량을 예측하기 위해 몬테 칼로 MCNP 코드를 1차원 각분할법 코드인 ANISN과 연계하여 사용하였다. 월성원자력2호기의 상단차폐해석을 위한 ANISN 계산, 도관의 방사선흐름을 평가하기 위한 MCNP 계산, 그리고 반응도제어기구 설치대에서의 방사선량율 평가를 위한 MCNP 계산등 3단계 계산 기법의 적응이 시도되었다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.61-66
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• 2004

To make a guide line of property control of angiography equipments, we made standard evaluation sheet forms of facility and management of angiography suite, physical properties of angiography equipments, and image quality of film and then surveyed them at 29 hospital nationwide. Survey and development of standard evaluation sheet form of physical properties of angiography equipments. By using resolution & radiation dose, physical properties of angiography equipments of 49 in number nationwide were evaluated. Most of them (91%) had good performance.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 1993

Electron beams have found unique and complementary used in the treatment of cancer, but it's very difficult to delineate dose distribution, because of multi-collisions. Numerical solution is more usefull to describe electron distributed in tissue. A semi-empirical eqution is given for the dose at any point at various depths in water. This equation is a modificated model which was based on solutions of a general age diffusion equation. Parameters have been calulated from electron beams data with energies 6～18MeV form a LINAC for use in computerised dosimetry calculations. The depth doses and isodose curves are predicted as a function of the practical range, source skin distance and field size. Depth dose accuracy have been achieved 2% above 50% depth dose and 5% at lower doses, relative to maximum dose. Also, the shape of the isodose curves with the constrictions at higher dose and bulging ot lower values are accurately predicted. Computer calculated beams have been used to generate ever isodose distribution for certain clinical situations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.391-402
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• 2024

In this study, an indicator for setting dose constraints was presented using the frequency distribution of the annual exposure dose per radiation worker. To this end, from January 2017 to December 2019, we surveyed personal dosimeter reading values per month for 13 radiography inspection offices that had reported the establishment of a workplace to move and use radioisotopes, etc. for the purpose of radiographic testing (RT) in Korea, and performed a frequency analysis of the annual exposure dose per radiation worker. In this study, the indicator for setting dose constraints was based on the 95th percentile according to the recommendations of international organizations related to radiation protection. As a result, the dose constraints in the field of RT was set at an average of 5.15 mSv over the three-year investigation period. The nuclear energy-related business operator, if was set its own dose constraints proposed in this study and was operated successfully, were able to manage the exposure dose inequality of 52 people, equivalent to 5% of registered radiation workers, and could expect a reduction in collective dose of 760 man-mSv. Therefore, the nuclear energy-related business operator set its own dose constraints using the indicator for setting dose constraints proposed in this study, will be able to achieve optimization of protection by excluding exposure situations in which a dose level higher than the set dose constraint is expected from the process of establishing a protection plan.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.276-282
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• 2003

Purpose: Although high-dose-rate intracavitary radiotherapy (HDR ICR) has been used in the treatment of cervical cancer, the potential for increased risk of late complication, most commonly in the rectum, is a major concern. We have previously reported on 136 patients treated with HDR brachytherapy between 1995 and 1999. The purpose of this study is to upgrade the previous data and confirm the correlation between late rectal complication and rectal dose in cervix cancer patients treated with HDR ICR. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was peformed for 222 patients with cevix cancer who were treated for curative intent with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and HDR ICR from July 1995 to December 2001. The median dose of EBRT was 50.4 (30.6$\~$56.4) Gy with a daily fraction size 1.8 Gy. A total of six fractions of HDR ICR were given twice weekly with fraction size of 4 (3$\~$5.5) Gy to A point by Iridium-192 source. The rectal dose was calculated at the rectal reference point using the barium contrast criteria. in vivo measurement of the rectal dose was peformed with thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) during HDR ICR. The median follow-up period was 39 months, ranging from 6 to 90 months. Results: Twenty-one patients (9.5$\%$) experienced late rectal bleeding, from 3 to 44 months (median, 13 months) after the completion of RT. The calculated rectal doses were not different between the patients with rectal bleeding and those without, but the measured rectal doses were higher in the complicated patients. The differences of the measured ICR rectal fractional dose, ICR total rectal dose, and total rectal biologically equivalent dose (BED) were statistically significant. When the measured ICR total rectal dose was beyond 16 Gy, when the ratio of the measured rectal dose to A point dose was beyond 70$\%$, or when the measured rectal BED was over 110 Gy$_{3}$, a high possibility of late rectal complication was found. Conclusion: Late rectal complication was closely correlated with measured rectal dose by in vivo dosimetry using TLD during HDR ICR. If data from in vivo dosimetry shows any possibility of rectal bleeding, efforts should be made to reduce the rectal dose.