• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.775-784
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• 2009

Weathered foliation could act as a critical failure plane because this type of plane tend to have low roughness and long extensions. A big constructed slope at $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ road construction site was failed due to the block movement along a fault zone which is parallel to foliation. Tectonic activity reactivated a fault zone parallel to foliation, and the fault clay within the shear zone metamorphosed retrogressively to chrolite. The failed block moved when the block weigh lost the balancing with the resisting force of the retrogressively metamorphosed chrolite. Evaluating the three dimensional distribution of the foliation was critical for establishing a plan for the stabilization of the slope. For this purpose, 10 boreholes were drilled as a lattice distribution, and the BIPS analyses are performed at each boreholes. The fractures measured in the boreholes are projected into 15 cross sections and their distributions are analysed, using Fracjection software. The projection analyse show that the strike of the foliation gets dipper towards left side of the slope. This geometry indicates that there are more failure block geometry at left side of the slope. Potential failure planes are searched using the projection method, and these information are provided for further support design.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1079-1079
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• 2003

최근 노인인구의 증가와 함께 식생활의 변화에 의해 사망원인의 변화가 일어나고 있다 한국인의 주요 사망원인 중 뇌혈관 및 심장질환 등 순환기계 질환에 의한 사망이 증가하고 있는 추세이며, 심장순환계 질환의 위험요인인 고혈압의 이환률도 65세 이상 노인에게서 증가하고 있다. 고혈압은 만성질환으로 산화적 스트레스를 증가시키는 질환이므로 본 연구에서는 건강한 노인과 고혈압 노인의 체내 항산화 영양상태를 비교하기 위해 울산지역 50세 이상 노인을 대상으로 하였다. 대조군은 질환이 없거나 골다공증, 위장질환과 같은 기타 질환을 가진 사람 96명이었으며, 고혈압환자군은 고혈압을 가진 모든 질환자 118명이었고, 항산화 영양소 섭취나 혈장내 항산화 영양상태에 영향을 미치는 성별, 연령, 흡연 및 음주상태를 보정하여 비교하였다. 고혈압환자의 평균 유병기간은 6.1년이었으며, 항산화 비타민 섭취량은 비타민 A, retinol, $\beta$-carotene과 비타민 C 섭취량 모두 고혈압 유무에 따른 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 고혈압환자의 섭취량이 높은 경향을 보였다. 한국인영양권장량과 비교한 결과 대조군의 비타민 A 섭취는 권장량의 86.2%, 고혈압환자군은 권장량의 103.0%를 섭취하여 고혈압군에서 유의적으로 높았고, 권장량의 75% 이하 섭취자의 비율은 대조군에서 46.9%, 고혈압군에서 41.5%로 조사되었다. 비타민 C 섭취는 대조군에서 권장량의 176.6%, 고혈압군에서는 189.0%로 나타나 질환의 유무에 관계없이 두 군 모두 권장량의 170%이상을 섭취하고 있었으나 권장량의 75% 이하를 섭취하는 사람의 비율이 대조군에서 13.5%, 고혈압군에서 17.0%로 고혈압군에서 높게 나타났다. 혈장 비타민 C의 농도는 대조군 15.3 mg/L, 고혈압환자 15.9mg/L, 혈장 $\beta$-carotene 농도는 대조군 0.21mg/L, 고혈압환자 0.22 mg/L로 나타나 고혈압 유무에 따른 차이가 없었고, 혈장 비타민 A,E 농도 및 총 항산화능력은 대조군에 비해 고혈압환자에게서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 또한 혈장 지질과산화물의 농도도 유의적이지는 않지만 고혈압환자에게서 높은 경향이 나타났다. 따라서 고혈압에 따른 항산화 영양상태를 비교한 결과 전반적인 항산화 비타민의 섭취량, 혈중 비타민 농도 및 총 항산화능력이 예상과 달리 대조군 보다 고혈압환자에게서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 이런 결과는 질환자들이 자신이 가진 질병의 진전을 막거나 치료의 목적으로 치료제를 복용하고, 식이요법을 실시하고 있기 때문으로 사료되며, 고혈압과 같이 산화적 스트레스가 증가하는 질환의 경우 체내 항산화 체계 반응이 이러한 변화에 효율적으로 대처하기 위한 방향으로 증가되었을 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. 특히, 본 연구의 대상자들의 유병기간이 6.1년으로 비교적 길기 때문에 질환의 진행정도에 따른 항산화 상태를 측정하거나 비교적 질환으로 판정된 직후의 사람들의 대상으로 한 연구 등 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.103-111
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to study a method for preventing collisions of multiple drones in controlled airspace. As a result of the study, it was proved that it is appropriate as a method to control drone collisions after setting accurate information on the ROI (Region of Interest) area estimated based on the expected drone path and time in the control system as a method to avoid drone collision. As a result of the empirical analysis, the diameter of the flight path of the operating drone should be selected to reduce the risk of collision, and the change in the departure time and operating speed of the operating drone did not act as an influencing factor in the collision. In addition, it has been demonstrated that providing flight priority is one of the appropriate methods as a countermeasure to avoid collisions. For collision avoidance methods, not only drone sensor-based collision avoidance, but also collision avoidance can be doubled by monitoring and predicting collisions in the control system and performing real-time control. This study is meaningful in that it provided an idea for a method for preventing collisions of multiple drones in controlled airspace and conducted practical tests. This helps to solve the problem of collisions that occur when multiple drones of different types are operating based on the control system. This study will contribute to the development of related industries by preventing accidents caused by drone collisions and providing a safe drone operation environment.

• Journal of Wellness
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.207-223
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• 2019

The purpose This study aimed at proposing class module elements for creativity and convergence and class models for creativity and convergence by integrating content elements by physical activity field(health, challenge, competition, ) for physical education and STEAM. For this, literature review, focus group interview(FGI) and discussions with experts were conducted, and the following study results have been drawn up: First, concerning the class module elements for creativity and convergence, total 11 class module elements in the health field were suggested including detecting risks by posture analysis and analyzing and designing amount of physical activity. Second, total 7 module elements in the challenge field were deduced such as anticipation of obstacles to target achievement and modeling of effective exercise. There were 17 convergence elements in the competition field including game record analysis and creation of game data storage application. Third, total 9 creativity and convergence module elements in the field include modeling of technology improvement for motion and symbolization for motion records. In addition, class modules related to convergence with engineering in the health field, convergence with technology in the challenge field, convergence with art in the competition field and convergence with art and mathematical symbols were proposed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4B
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• pp.383-392
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• 2008

It is not always easy to estimate the parameters in hydrologic models due to insufficient hydrologic data when hydraulic structures are designed or water resources plan are established. Therefore, uncertainty analysis are inevitably needed to examine reliability for the estimated results. With regard to this point, this study applies a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo scheme to the NWS-PC rainfall-runoff model that has been widely used, and a case study is performed in Soyang Dam watershed in Korea. The NWS-PC model is calibrated against observed daily runoff, and thirteen parameters in the model are optimized as well as posterior distributions associated with each parameter are derived. The Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo shows a improved result in terms of statistical performance measures and graphical examination. The patterns of runoff can be influenced by various factors and the Bayesian approaches are capable of translating the uncertainties into parameter uncertainties. One could provide against an unexpected runoff event by utilizing information driven by Bayesian methods. Therefore, the rainfall-runoff analysis coupled with the uncertainty analysis can give us an insight in evaluating flood risk and dam size in a reasonable way.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.208-217
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• 2024

There is so much research effort for developing and implementing deep learning-based surveillance systems to manage health and safety issues in construction sites. Especially, the development of deep learning-based object detection in various environmental changes has been progressing because those affect decreasing searching performance of the model. Among the various environmental variables, the accuracy of the object detection model is significantly dropped under low illuminance, and consistent object detection accuracy cannot be secured even the model is trained using low-light images. Accordingly, there is a need of low-light enhancement to keep the performance under low illuminance. Therefore, this paper conducts a comparative study of various deep learning-based low-light image enhancement models (GLADNet, KinD, LLFlow, Zero-DCE) using the acquired construction site image data. The low-light enhanced image was visually verified, and it was quantitatively analyzed by adopting image quality evaluation metrics such as PSNR, SSIM, Delta-E. As a result of the experiment, the low-light image enhancement performance of GLADNet showed excellent results in quantitative and qualitative evaluation, and it was analyzed to be suitable as a low-light image enhancement model. If the low-light image enhancement technique is applied as an image preprocessing to the deep learning-based object detection model in the future, it is expected to secure consistent object detection performance in a low-light environment.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.77-90
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• 2024

While discussions on ESG are actively taking place in Europe and other countries, the number of countries pushing for mandatory ESG information disclosure related to non-financial information of listed companies is rapidly increasing. However, as companies respond to mandatory global ESG information disclosure, problems are emerging such as the stringent requirements of global ESG disclosure standards, the complexity of data management, and a lack of understanding and preparation of the ESG system itself. In addition, it requires a reasonable analysis of how business management opportunities and risk factors due to climate change affect the company's financial impact, so it is expected to be quite difficult to analyze the results that meet the disclosure standards. In order to perform tasks such as ESG management activities and information disclosure, data of various types and sources is required and management through an information system is necessary to measure this transparently, collect it without error, and manage it without omission. Therefore, in this study, we designed an ESG data integrated management model to integrate and manage various related indicators and data in order to transparently and efficiently convey the company's ESG activities to various stakeholders through ESG information disclosure. A framework for implementing an information system to handle management was developed. These research results can help companies facing difficulties in ESG disclosure at a practical level to efficiently manage ESG information disclosure. In addition, the presentation of an integrated data management model through analysis of the ESG disclosure work process and the development of an information system to support ESG information disclosure were significant in the academic aspects needed to study ESG in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.95-110
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• 2011

As global economic conditions are getting uneasy and polarization of our economy is intensified, the economic sentiment of small businesses is still low and unstable. The collapse of worldwide banking systems due to sub prime crisis in 2007 became the catalyst that shakes financial industries in each country in the world; the most sentiment people, small businesspersons, also have hard time facing survival way out, facing a great crisis. All organizing powers including manufactures, wholesales and retails are being gradually greater in mutual relations and dependence, and unstable factors about risks are also increasing. For exterior environmental and physical risk factors which cannot make small businesses survive themselves by developing ways out are eventually increasing, those who cannot cope with these factors face a great crisis. Although the government tries hard to overcome this situation conducting many ways, the effect does not continue. It is the real state that independent business markets including overall employment and establishing business have vicious cycle that they cannot be improved, due to increase of employment centered on short-term labors which lack durability in creation of employment and decline of household income. Recently, growth shows indication of slowdown because of multinational risk factors including financial crisis in each country in Europe, the death of Kim Jung-il, relationship with North Korea, and unstability of war situation in the Middle East Asia. Experts expect that growth rate will be about 4%, and independent business that ordinary people feel is still gloomy. It's reality that there is no adequate alternative for lack of jobs, unstable employment and a means of living after retirement. Also, the fact that large companies enter the market which is narrow and in the excessive competition should be an environmental factor that makes the situation worse. The business concept, a franchise, is the part we should think about whether it is the institutional solution that can guarantee independent businessmen stable life. Major companies are frightfully entering the market today, breaking the barrier to entry and shouting of a win-win with independent businesses. It's the small businesspersons who go through painful domestic recession, cannot predict the future and manage confusing and unstable independent business. It's very important to restore the domestic economy through wisely boosting consumption as soon as possible. It's also important to lead the situation by gathering powers of the government and related organizations, agonizing, suggesting solutions, and establishing accurate directions. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to suggest ways to strengthen competitiveness of small businesspersons by examining small business support policies which are currently implemented.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.29-73
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• 2012

Aviation safety is the State and industry's top priority and more scientific approaches for fatigue management should be needed. There are lately various studies and regulation changes for crew fatigue management with ICAO, FAA and EASA. ICAO issued the provisions of fatigue management for flight crew since 1st edition, 1969, of Annex 6 operation of aircraft as a Standards and Recommended practice(SARPs). Unfortunately, there have been few changes and improvement to fatigue management provisions since the time they were first introduced. However the SARPs have been big changed lately. ICAO published guidance materials for development of prescriptive fatigue regulations through amendment 33A of Annex 6 Part 1 as applicable November 19th 2009. And then ICAO introduced additional amendment for using Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) with $35^{th}$ amendment in 2011. According to the Annex 6, the State of the operator shall establish a) regulations for flight time, flight duty period, duty period and rest period limitations and b) FRMS regulations. The Operator shall implement one of following 3 provisions a) flight time, flight duty period, duty period and rest period limitations within the prescriptive fatigue management regulations established by the State of the Operator; or b) a FRMS; or c) a combination of a) and b). U.S. FAA recently published several kinds of Advisory Circular about flightcrew fatigue. U.S. passed "Airline Safety and FAA Extension Act of 2010" into law on August 1st, 2010. This mandates all commercial air carriers to develop a FAA-acceptable Fatigue Risk Management Plan(FRMP) by October 31st, 2010. Also, on May 16, 2012, the FAA published a final rule(correction) entitled 'Flightcrew Member Duty and Rest Requirements; correction to amend its existing prescriptive regulations. The new requirements are required to implement same regulations for domestic, flag and supplemental operations from January 4, 2014. EASA introduced a Notice of Proposed Amendment (NPA) 2010-14 entitled "Draft opinion of the European Aviation Safety Agency for a Commission Regulation establishing the implementing rules on Flight and Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements for Commercial Air Transport with aeroplanes" on December 10, 2010. The purpose of this NPA is to develop and implement fatigue management for commercial air transport operations. Comparing with Korean and foreign regulations regarding fatigue management, the provisions of ICAO, FAA, EASA are more considering various fatigue factors and conditions. Korea regulations should be needed for some development of insufficiency points. In this thesis, I present the results of the comparative study between domestic and foreign regulations in respect of fatigue management crew member. Also, I suggest legal proposals for amendment of Korea Aviation act and Enforcement Regulations concerning fatigue management for crew members. I hope that this paper is helpful to change korea fatigue regulations, to enhance aviation safety, and to reduce the number of accidents relating to fatigue. Fatigue should be managed at all level such as regulators, experts, operators and pilots. Authority should change surveillance mind-set from regulatory auditor to expert adviser. Operators should identify various fatigue factors and consider to crew scheduling them. Crews should strongly manage both individual and duty-oriented fatigue issues.

• Strategy21
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• s.31
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• pp.251-293
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• 2013

해적은 공해상 해상안전을 위협 한다는 점에서 '인류공동의 적'으로 규정되어 모든 국가가 이를 규제할 수 있는 보편적 관할권이 행사되는 범죄이다. 한국을 포함한 아시아 지역 국가들은 말라카해협 통항에 관해 깊은 이해관계를 갖고 있어 해적 소탕에 대한 의지가 강한 편이다. 이러한 의지는 2006년 '아시아해적퇴치정보공유센터(ReCAAP ISO)'의 창설에 밑거름이 되었으며, 아시아 지역에서 해적이 출현하면 동 센터를 통해 17개국 회원국으로 즉시 통보되고, 주변국의 해경과 해군이 유기적인 작전을 통해 해적을 효율적으로 퇴치하고 있는 모범사례다. 그러나 2009년 소말리아 내란에 따른 무정부 상태가 지속되면서 소말리아 및 아덴만에서의 해적활동이 극성을 부리기 시작했으며, 선박납치 행위가 급증하자 세계 각국에서 함정과 항공기를 파견하여 해적퇴치 활동을 전개하고 있으나 근절되지 않을 뿐만 아니라 해적의 활동해역이 확대되고 있다. 이러한 배경 하에 시작된 본 연구는 연구결과를 중심으로 다음과 같은 대응 방안을 제시한다. 첫째, 소말리아 해적의 근본원인은 국가의 붕괴에서 비롯된 치안부재와 열악한 경제사정 등 내부적인 요인이 크기 때문에 다국적 해군 활동으로 인한 근본적인 해적퇴치에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 국제적인 차원에서 '지역협력협정'체결은 물론, 소말리아 국가재건을 위한 노력이 함께 이루어지는 종합적인 대책이 필요하다. 그러나 보다 더 근본적인 해결책은 유엔차원에서 빠른 시간 내에 소말리아가 정치적 안정을 유지할 수 있도록 정치적 차원에서의 지원이 필요하며, 해적과 테러리스트가 연계됨으로써 국제문제로 확대되지 않도록 하는 노력도 병행되어야 한다. 둘째, 해적문제는 특정국가에만 해당되는 것이 아니라 초국가적인 문제임을 감안하여 유엔안전보장이사회 결의 제1851호에서 '지역 센터' 설립을 권고하고 있는 것처럼 2006년 아시아 국가들이 설치한 ReCAAP ISO와 같은 형태의 지역국가 간 협력기구 또는 유엔 차원의 해적 전담기구를 설치하여 국제사회 공조 하에 해적에 대처하는 방안을 추진하는 것이 필요하다. 셋째, 최근 발생하고 있는 해적행위는 주로 항구 등 내수, 영해 등 연안국의 관할권이 행사되는 지역에서 발생하고 있어 유엔해양법상의 규정은 이러한 '해적' 퇴치에 더 이상 효율적이지 못하다. 국제사회는 이러한 문제점을 인식하여 국제해사기구 (IMO) 등 국제기구를 통해 영해내의 해적 처벌을 위해 최선의 노력을 기울이고 있다. 향후 궁극적으로는 유엔해양법협약의 개정을 통해 법적인 문제점이 개선되어야 한다. 넷째, 전술적인 측면에서도 지상에 기지를 두고 있는 해적들의 지도부가 그 동안 쌓아 놓은 네트워크를 이용하여 다국적 해군에 대한 정보를 수집하고 대응방안을 강구함으로써 나름대로의 생존전략을 구사할 것으로 예상된다. 특히, 선박을 납치한 후 소말리아 연안으로 이동하면서 해군함정과 대치하는 과정에서 해적들이 살상을 당하는 사례가 증가함에 따라 지금까지는 피랍된 선박의 선원을 단순히 해적활동에 참여시키거나, 항해지원을 위한 목적 등으로만 활용했는데, 앞으로는 해적들의 인명피해를 최소화하기 위해서라도 선원들을 방패막이로 활용할 가능성이 더욱 높아질 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 참가하는 해군함정 또는 부대간 해적들의 활동 관련 정보를 공유하는 등 사전에 정보를 획득하기 위한 협력을 강화해야 한다. 다섯째, 한국군함이 삼호주얼리호를 납치했던 소말리아 해적을 한국까지 대리고 와서 처벌하는 것은 불합리하고, 많은 문제점을 야기할 수 있기 때문에 향후 해적처벌을 위한 국제사법기구의 설치가 요구된다. 회원국 분담금으로 운영되는 유엔에 산하기관을 설치하여 소말리아 인접국에서 해결하도록 적극적인 노력을 경주할 필요가 있다. 마지막으로, 선박회사에서도 자국 선박이 위험구역으로 지정된 해역을 항해할 경우를 대비해서 선박자동식별 시스템 구축을 확대하고, 해적이 선박에 승선했을 경우를 대비해서 안전구역(citadel)을 설치하여 선원의 안전을 확보하는 등의 대책이 필요하다. 본 연구를 통해 해양안보는 어느 특정국가에게만 주어진 것이 아니며, 해적행위도 특정 국가의 선박을 대상으로 하는 것이 아니므로 각국 정부간 공동의 협력과 국제사회의 공조가 반드시 실현될 때 해적의 위협으로부터 선박의 안전과 국제사회의 평화가 실현될 수 있다는 것을 강조하고자 한다.