• Title/Summary/Keyword: 영향성

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Natural Heritage Values and Diversity of Geoheritages on Udo Island, Jeju Province (제주도 우도 지역 내 지질유산의 다양성과 가치)

  • Woo, Kyung Sik;Yoon, Seok Hoon;Sohn, Young Kwan;Kim, Ryeon;Lee, Kwang Choon;Lim, Jong Deock
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.290-317
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    • 2013
  • The objectives of this study are to investigate the natural heritage and scientific value of various geosites on Udo Island, and to evaluate the sites as natural monuments and as world natural heritage properties. Udo Island includes a variety of geoheritage sites. Various land forms formed during the formation of the Someori Oreum formed by phreatomagmatic eruptions. The essential elements for the formation of Udo Island are the tuff cone, overflowing lava and overlying redeposited tuff sediments. Various coastal land forms are also present. About 6,000 years B.C., when sea-level rose close to its present level due to deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum, carbonate sediments have been formed and deposited in shallow marine environment surrounding Udo Island. In particular, the very shallow broad shelf between Udo Island and Jeju Island, less than 20 m in water depth, has provided perfect conditions for the formation of rhodoids. Significant amounts of rhodoids are now forming in this area. Occasional transport of these rhodoids by typhoons has produced unique beach deposits which are entirely composed of rhodoids. Additional features are the Hagosudong Beach with its white carbonate sands, the Geommeole Beach with its black tuffaceous sands and Tolkani Beach with its basalt cobbles and boulders. Near Hagosudong Beach, wind-blown sands in the past produced carbonate sand dunes. On the northern part of the island, special carbonate sediments are present, due to their formation by composite processes such as beach-forming process and transportation by typhoons. The development of several sea caves is another feature of Udo Island, formed by waves and typhoon erosion within tuffaceous sedimentary rocks. In particular, one sea cave found at a depth of 10 m is very special because it indicates past sea-level fluctuations. Shell mounds in Udo Island may well represent the mixed heritage feature on this island. The most valuable geoheritage sites investigated around Udo Isalnd are rhodoid depostis on beaches and in shallow seas, and Someori Oreum composed of volcanoclastic deposits and basalt lava. Beach and shallow marine sediments, composed only of rhodoids, appear to be very rare in the world. Also, the natural heritage value of the Someori Oreum is outstanding, together with other phreatomagmatic tuff cones such as Suwolbong, Songaksan and Yongmeori. Consequently, the rhodoid deposits and the Someori Oreum are worth being nominated for UNESCO World Natural Heritage status. The designation of Someori Oreum as a Natural Monument should be a prerequisite for this procedure.

Changes in Aquatic Insect Community Structure in Wonju Stream based on a Comparison of Previous Studies (과거 문헌 비교를 통한 원주천 수서곤충 군집구조 변화)

  • Han, Jung Soo;Choi, Jun Kil;Won, Kyung Ho;Lee, Hwang Goo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.400-411
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    • 2018
  • This study was a survey of the Wonju stream in Wonju city from May 2015 to September 2016. A total of three sites were selected from the upstream area Gwanseol-dong to the downstream area Hojeo-myeon. Physicochemical analysis, aquatic insect changes, cluster analysis, functional group analysis, rarefaction curve, and statistical analysis were compared between 2004 and 2016. A total of 19 species (38.78%) in 2004 and 22 species (36.67%) in 2016 were analyzed, with the largest number belonging to ephemeroptera. The individual ratio ranged from 27,759.2 (ind. $m^{-2}$, 84.30%) in 2004 to 4,573.2 (ind. $m^{-2}$, 41.64%) in 2016, with the highest number involving diptera. As a result of the community analysis, significant differences were detected in the indices of dominance, diversity, evenness, and richness in 2004 and 2016 (p<0.05). Burrowers of the habitat orientation groups showed the greatest variation with an average of -68.00% (${\pm}2.15$) and the collector-gatherers of the functional feeding groups showed the highest variation of -40.12% (${\pm}1.77$). The rarefaction curve analysis suggested that the species was the poorest in the midstream regions in 2004 and 2016. Physical factors and water quality showed a significant correlation with diversity index, evenness index, and the number of individuals. MDS analysis of the similarity of upstream and downstream regions was high in 2004, and low in 2016. The differences were attributed to physicochemical changes such as increase in flow velocity due to improvement of small dams and changes in bottom structure.

A Study on the Guidelines on the Insertion of Metal Stiffeners in the Restoration of Stone Cultural Heritages (석조문화재 복원을 위한 금속보강재 매입방법 표준화 연구)

  • Lee, Dong-sik;Kim, Hyun-yong;Kim, Sa-dug;Hong, Seong-geol
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.212-228
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    • 2013
  • Stone cultural heritages are repaired by the use of metal stiffeners. The problem is that this type of repair has been based on the experience of workers without specific guidelines and has caused various problems. This is to suggest the structural reinforcement and behavioral characteristics of metal rods to minimize the secondary damage of materials and have the specimens tested and verified to establish the guidelines on how to insert metal stiffeners. When only epoxy resin is applied to the cut surface, only 70% of the properties of the parent material are regenerated and it is required to structurally reinforce the metal stiffener for the remaining 30%. The metal rod is under the structural behavior after the brittle failure of stone material and the structural behavior does not occur when the metal stiffener is below 0.251%. When it accounts for over 0.5%, it achieves structural reinforcement, but causes secondary damage of parent materials. The appropriate ratio of metal stiffener for the stone material with the strength of $1,500kgf/cm^2$, therefore, should be between 0.283% and 0.377% of the cross section of attached surface to achieve reversible fracture and ductility behavior. In addition, it is more effective to position the stiffeners at close intervals to achieve the peak stress of metal rod against bending load and inserting the stiffener into the upper secions is not structurally supportive, but would rather cause damage of the parent material. Thus, most stiffeners should be inserted into the lower part and some into the central part to work as a stable tensile material under the load stress. The dispersion effect of metal rods was influenced by the area of reinforcing rods and unrelated to their diameter. However, it ensures stability under the load stress to increase the number of stiffeners considering the cross section adhered when working on large-scale structures. The development length is engineered based upon the diameter of stiffener using the following formula: $l_d=\frac{a_tf_y}{u{\Sigma}_0}$. Also, helically-threaded reinforcing rods should be used to perform the behaviors as a structural material.

The Real States of Affairs and Features of Fortune-Telling in Gwang-Ju (광주 점복(占卜)문화의 실상과 특징)

  • Pyo, In Ju
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.4-23
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    • 2010
  • Danggol, in other words the hereditary shaman, is a person who is performing the Gut(the Korean shamanistic ritual) as the job but fortuneteller simply tells someone's fortunes. Nowadays most of fortunetellers think their works are wholly managed the Gut as the holy jobs. But Generally this kinds of jobs, we think it is lower than ordinary people's level of education in the korea. Actually we can meet eleven fortunetellers who have a college diploma out of them, so we can know that their education's level is increasing gradually. On the other hand a house of fortunetellers is the place where can lead the way of our lives in the method of seeing one's past life or making predictions of someone's coming events etc. Gradually this place seems to be separated with a private home, so the most of them is managing as the monthly rent. Consequently this houses are heavily located at the Gyerim five-way crossing, the Yang-dong Dakjeonmeory street, Jungheung-dong local culture street area. Each fortunetellers have the different ways of fortune-telling because this methods are decided by their one's characters. So their fortune-telling time and its time required for a task is far different. The methods of telling it is very much different in accordance with the learning fortuneteller or spiritualistic fortuneteller. But the process of fortune-telling is common like as a preparatory stage, carrying a Jumsa(fortune-telling) stage and acting by a Jumsa stage. These steps are sequential but linked together. There are six special features of fortune-telling culture in Gwang-Ju. 1. The role of a fortuneteller and Bosal(spirit-descended shaman) runs at the same time. 2. The house of fortune-telling is doing Gutdang(ritual house)'s works. 3. Its location are heavily collectivized at the specific districts. 4. The learning fortuneteller are increasing gradually. 5. The youth are growing use in the fortune-telling house. 6. There are many person that are visiting this house because of individual problems not their family's problems.

Influence of Detailed Structure and Curvature of Woven Fabric on the Luminescence Effect of Wearable Optical Fiber Fabric (직물의 세부 구조 및 굴곡이 웨어러블 광섬유의 발광 효과에 미치는 영향)

  • Yang, Jin-Hee;Cho, Hyun-Seung;Kwak, Hwy-Kuen;Oh, Yun-Jung;Lee, Joo-Hyeon
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2018
  • The two main requirements of wearable optical fiber fabrics are that they must presuppose a high degree of flexibility and they must maintain the luminance effect in both flat and bent conformations. Therefore, woven optical fiber fabrics that satisfy the above conditions were developed by both weaving and by using computer embroidery. First, we measured the brightness of the wearable optical fiber fabric in the flat state at a total of 10 measurement points at intervals of 1 cm. Second, the wearable optical fiber fabric was placed horizontally on the forearm, where three-dimensional bending occurs, and the luminance values were recorded at the same 10 measurement points. For the woven fabric in the flat state, the maximum, minimum, average, and standard deviation luminance values were $5.23cd/m^2$, $2.74cd/m^2$, $3.56cd/m^2$, and $1.11cd/m^2$, respectively. The corresponding luminance values from the bent forearm were $7.92cd/m^2$ (maximum), $2.37cd/m^2$ (minimum), $4.42cd/m^2$ (average), and $2.16cd/m^2$ (standard deviation). In the case of the computer-embroidered fabric, the maximum, minimum, average, and standard deviation luminance values in the flat state were $7.56cd/m^2$, $3.84cd/m^2$, $5.13cd/m^2$, and $1.04cd/m^2$, respectively, and in the bent forearm state were $9.6cd/m^2$, $3.63cd/m^2$, $6.13cd/m^2$, and $2.26cd/m^2$, respectively. Therefore, the computer-embroidered fabric exhibited a higher luminous effect than the woven fabric because the detailed structure reduced light-loss due to the backside fabric. In both types of wearable optical fiber fabric the luminance at the forearm was 124% and 119%, respectively, and the light emitting effect of the optical fiber fabric was maintained even when bent by the human body. This is consistent with the principle of Huygens, which defines the wave theory of light, and also the Huygens-Fresnel-Kirchhoff principle, which states that the intensity of light increases according to the magnitude of the angle of propagation of the light wavefront (${\theta}$).

Study on Picture Image and Change of the Four Devas of Sakyamuni Buddha paintings in the early Joseon Dynasty (조선 전기 석가설법도의 사천왕 도상과 배치형식 고찰)

  • Kim, Kyungmi
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.4-23
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    • 2015
  • In the Buddhist paintings of the four devas, there is a change in the paper material of V aisravana(多聞天) in the early Joseon Dynasty. Until Goryeo Dynasty, Damuncheonwang, who holds a tower(塔) on the right side of Buddha was changed to the form which holds a mandolin(琵琶) in the early Joseon Dynasty. This change was first checked in Byeonsangdo in the Yuan period "The Avatamska Sutra(大方廣佛華嚴經, 1330~1336)", however the actual paper material change in the Buddhist painting is found first as a mural at the Tibetan temples, Cheolbangsa(哲蚌寺), Odunsa(吳屯寺), Baekgeosa(白居寺), which showed the change of tower which Vaisravaṇa held into mongoose. In Joseon Dynasty, also, new distribution of the four devas appeared first, which showed the change of paper material in the first floor roof-stones of Wongaksaji sipcheung seoktap, . However, the position of the four devas which held a tower and a mandolin consistently appear in the Buddhist paintings in the early Joseon Dynasty by mixing on the left and the right. This means the possibility that the paper material and the position of the four devas might be flexible in the early Joseon Dynasty. Just like reflecting this, painting image of the four devas in illustration of "saddharma-pundari-ka-$s{\bar{u}}tra$(Ming 1432, National Museum of Korea)" and illustration of "Jebulsejonyeorae-bosaljonjamyeongching-gagok(제불세존여래 보살존자명칭가곡, 1417)" has opposite position from each other. Therefore, the phenomenon in the Buddhist paintings of the early Joseon had a transitional characteristic which did not secure the fixed form of painting image by illustration of two copies where paper materials of the four devas were different, which characteristic can be said to be the characteristic of art in the transitional period.

Characteristics Analysis of Snow Particle Size Distribution in Gangwon Region according to Topography (지형에 따른 강원지역의 강설입자 크기 분포 특성 분석)

  • Bang, Wonbae;Kim, Kwonil;Yeom, Daejin;Cho, Su-jeong;Lee, Choeng-lyong;Lee, Daehyung;Ye, Bo-Young;Lee, GyuWon
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.227-239
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    • 2019
  • Heavy snowfall events frequently occur in the Gangwon province, and the snowfall amount significantly varies in space due to the complex terrain and topographical modulation of precipitation. Understanding the spatial characteristics of heavy snowfall and its prediction is particularly challenging during snowfall events in the easterly winds. The easterly wind produces a significantly different atmospheric condition. Hence, it brings different precipitation characteristics. In this study, we have investigated the microphysical characteristics of snowfall in the windward and leeward sides of the Taebaek mountain range in the easterly condition. The two snowfall events are selected in the easterly, and the snow particles size distributions (SSD) are observed in the four sites (two windward and two leeward sites) by the PARSIVEL distrometers. We compared the characteristic parameters of SSDs that come from leeward sites to that of windward sites. The results show that SSDs of windward sites have a relatively wide distribution with many small snow particles compared to those of leeward sites. This characteristic is clearly shown by the larger characteristic number concentration and characteristic diameter in the windward sites. Snowfall rate and ice water content of windward also are larger than those of leeward sites. The results indicate that a new generation of snowfall particles is dominant in the windward sites which is likely due to the orographic lifting. In addition, the windward sites show heavy aggregation particles by nearby zero ground temperature that is likely driven by the wet and warm condition near the ocean.

A study on the Change of Perspectives on the Past in Heritage Conservation - Focusing on the 19th Century Restoration of Religious Buildings in England - (문화재 보존에 나타난 과거인식에 대한 고찰 - 19세기 영국의 교회 건축복원의 사상적 배경과 보존사례를 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Su-jeong
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.188-207
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    • 2014
  • Taking the concept of 'Invention of Tradition' by Hobsbawm, this paper examines the change of perspectives on the past and the attitudes toward connecting the past and the contemporary in the 19th century restoration of religious buildings in England. The Anglican society in the early 19th century argued that the catholic theology and rituals should be revived in their practice, which has formed the Oxford Movement. Such aspiration has stimulated to the society to execute its religious practice in a proper space, which has resulted in the Cambridge Camden Society in the middle of the century. Their publications on church buildings and arrangement had much affected to the restoration of many churches to rip off the previous Georgian furnitures and features of the fabric into Gothic, the style of middle age. The perspective on the past for anti-restoration movement in the late 19th century has moved into the one to respect all historical layers of previous spirit imprinted in the church buildings. Inspired by Ruskin and formulated by Morris, SPAB's Manifesto has reflected that the spirit of the first builder can not be reproduced or copied by the contemporaries, and therefore a daily maintenance is the best practice to extend the life of spirit rather than restoration. In addition the material remains is no longer belong to the religious entity but should be regarded as national heritage. By examining the change of perspectives on the past between the early and middle of 19th century and the late 19th century, this paper has argued that the various factors such as social, economic, political, art and commercial factors should be examined together in the understanding of conservation history.

The Character of Bogamni group and trends in the surrounding area seen through the stone chamber (석실로 본 나주 복암리 세력과 주변 지역의 동향)

  • Kim, Nak jung
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.44-67
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    • 2016
  • This article studied the character of Bogamri group and trends in the surrounding area through recently excavated stone chambers. The first type of stone chamber constructed at Bogamni cemetry was Northen Kyushu style stone chamber tomb with corridor. However, According to recent survey Wa style vertical stone lined tomb had constructed earlier than these stone chamber along the southwest cost. It is likely that the background of these Wa style stone tomb was the beginning of formal diplomatic relations between Baekje and Wa. At first, grave goods as well as burial had been Wa style, but gradually local burial element and mortuary practices added. And large tomb had beginning to appear. The representative tombs are Yeongam Okyari Jangdong tomb and Naju Gaheugni Shinhueng tomb. They were built in the middle of the fifth century. It is most likely that the location was selected with regard to the use or securing of inland waterway. But the next step, Yeongsangang river style stone chamber with corridor had constructed at Jeongchon tomb. That tomb is very close to Bogamni tombs and structure and grave goods are very similar also. So these two groups were considered to be the same community. Hereby, It is believed that the inland waterway using power had been turned over to Bogamni group. Bogamni group had constantly constructed stone chamber until seventh century. This represent that Bogamni group had thrived as a leading force in the Yeongsangang river basin. After under the direct control of Baekje, Bogamni group had continued the close relationship with Wa. For this reason, Bogamni group had influenced southwest cost as well as Yeongsangang river basin. It can be estimated by the Bogamni style stone chamber founded at islands of Shinan.

Detection Ability of Occlusion Object in Deep Learning Algorithm depending on Image Qualities (영상품질별 학습기반 알고리즘 폐색영역 객체 검출 능력 분석)

  • LEE, Jeong-Min;HAM, Geon-Woo;BAE, Kyoung-Ho;PARK, Hong-Ki
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.82-98
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    • 2019
  • The importance of spatial information is rapidly rising. In particular, 3D spatial information construction and modeling for Real World Objects, such as smart cities and digital twins, has become an important core technology. The constructed 3D spatial information is used in various fields such as land management, landscape analysis, environment and welfare service. Three-dimensional modeling with image has the hig visibility and reality of objects by generating texturing. However, some texturing might have occlusion area inevitably generated due to physical deposits such as roadside trees, adjacent objects, vehicles, banners, etc. at the time of acquiring image Such occlusion area is a major cause of the deterioration of reality and accuracy of the constructed 3D modeling. Various studies have been conducted to solve the occlusion area. Recently the researches of deep learning algorithm have been conducted for detecting and resolving the occlusion area. For deep learning algorithm, sufficient training data is required, and the collected training data quality directly affects the performance and the result of the deep learning. Therefore, this study analyzed the ability of detecting the occlusion area of the image using various image quality to verify the performance and the result of deep learning according to the quality of the learning data. An image containing an object that causes occlusion is generated for each artificial and quantified image quality and applied to the implemented deep learning algorithm. The study found that the image quality for adjusting brightness was lower at 0.56 detection ratio for brighter images and that the image quality for pixel size and artificial noise control decreased rapidly from images adjusted from the main image to the middle level. In the F-measure performance evaluation method, the change in noise-controlled image resolution was the highest at 0.53 points. The ability to detect occlusion zones by image quality will be used as a valuable criterion for actual application of deep learning in the future. In the acquiring image, it is expected to contribute a lot to the practical application of deep learning by providing a certain level of image acquisition.