• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 1991

The effects of microwave heat treatment and addition of enzyme, kimchi liquid, buffer solution and several salts on the changes in pH of kimchi liquid were investigated during fermentation at $25{\sim}35^{\circ}C$. It was found that microwave heat treatment on brined chinese cabbage and enzyme addition of cellulase and amylase showed a little improvement effect, while combination of both methods significantly increased the fermentation rate. The addition of kimchi liquid having pH 4.6 was found to be very desirable for both shortening the fermentation time and flavor acceptance. Among the inorganic salts and buffer solution studied, phosphate buffer(pH 4.6), sodium nitrite and $Na_2HPO_4$ were significantly effective for reduction of kimchi fermentation rate by two to three folds.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.86-93
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• 2007

Chronic inflammation has been known to have a close relationship with several diseases including periodontitis, colitis, hepatitis and arthritis. Recently anti-inflammatory agents have been developed from marine natural resources. In this study, Ecklonia cava (EC) was found to have anti-inflammatory effect. Ethanolic extract of EC belonging to brown algae exhibited an excellent inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, interleukin-6 and prostaglandin $E_2$ by RA W264.7 cells. Furthermore, in reporter gene assay and western blot analysis, EC extract exerted anti-inflammatory effect via inactivation of NF-${\kappa}B$ transcription factor that regulates the expression of these inflammatory mediators in macrophages. In addition, EC extract inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinase that play an important role in chronic inflammation. These results suggest that EC extract may provide a pharmaceutical potential in inhibiting chronic inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 2021

Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a common gastrointestinal disease observed at all ages, which seriously affects the quality of life. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Pomacea canaliculata extract (PCE) using the experimental RE rat model. RE was induced by a surgical procedure. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group, RE group, PCE group (RE treated with PCE, 100 mg/kg), positive control group (RE treated with ranitidine, 40 mg/kg). We performed the histological examination and measured the expression of tight junction complex and inflammatory mediators using western blot analysis. The phenotypes of RE were attenuated by PCE treatment. PCE administration significantly reduced esophageal mucosal damage and protected tight junction confirmed by claudin-5. Furthermore, PCE treatment reduced inflammatory reaction by inhibiting the expression of COX-2 and TNF-α. PCE treatment, also, reduced translocation of NF-κB into nuclear and IκB-α phosphorylation at the same time. Our findings indicate that PCE has the potential as a novel therapeutic agent to inhibit RE by protecting mucosal damage and regulating inflammatory reactions mediated by NF-κB signaling.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.282-289
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• 2023

Glycyrrhiza korshinskyi Grig. (Gk), which is a new variety of Glycyrrhiza, was developed by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science in Korea Rural Development Administration. It is improved the limitations of traditional Glycrrhiza species such as G. uralensis Fisch., G. glabra L., and G. inflata Batal. and has been reported various pharmacological effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of Gk on the acute pancreatitis, because which has not been revealed yet. AP was induced via intraperitoneal injection of cerulein (50 ㎍/kg) hourly for 7 times in C57BL/6 mice. Gk water extract (20 or 50 mg/kg) or saline was administrated via oral gavage 1 h before the first injection of cerulein. The mice were sacrificed at 5 h after the final injection of cerulein. The inflammatory cell infiltration in pancreatic tissue was decreased by the administration of Gk water extract compared to the AP group. Also, serum amylase and lipase levels were decreased by the administration of Gk water extract compared to the AP group. These results suggest that Gk have protective effect on the acute pancreatitis.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.199-202
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• 2006

The effects of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis vary with a patient's age because of the differences in the blood supply and structure of the bone. In children older than 2 years of age, this process results in extensive abscess formation when both the endosteal and periosteal blood supply are destroyed. Thorough drainage of abscess cavity and removal of all dead or necrotic material are not always possible although large skin incision is made along the abscess. Authors successfully managed acute osteomyelitis of the tibia with extensive large abscess in a 11 year-old female, using minimal incisions and 4-mm endoscope.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.104-116
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• 2003

목적 : 시스테인 단백분해 효소인 cathepsin는 인간과 생쥐의 항원제시세포에서 II형 주적합항원 불변사슬(MHC class II invariant chain)의 분해에 관여한다. 본 연구는 녹용 약침액이 류마티스 관절염 생쥐 모델의 골조직(연골과 활액) 유래 cathepsin 활성에 미치는 영향을 검정하였다. 방법 : 관절염 동물모델은 BALb/c계 생쥐를 생후 3일에 흉선 적출(3d-Tx)을 하여 만들었다. 동물모델의 골조직, 임파절세포, 비장 등을 녹용처치군과 대조군으로 나누어 cathepsin의 활성도 및 자가항원 특이(C-II-specific) T-세포의 활성도를 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 각 장기에서 cathepsin S의 활성은 녹용약침 처치군에서 농도 의존적으로 유의성 있게 억제되었고, T-세포 특이 자가항원반응은 녹용약침 처치군의 임파절 세포에서 유의성있게 억제되었다. 그리고 T-세포 특이 자가항원 반응의 불활성화에는 녹용 10~20ug/ml의 용량으로 충분하였다. 결론 : 이러한 실험결과는 녹용 약침액이 cathepsin S를 선택적으로 억제시켜 류마티스 관절염과 같은 자가면역 질환에 유효한 치료약물로 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.23-23
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• 1994

환경에 대한 관심이 높아지는 가운데 용존무기염을 효과적으로 분리하기 위한 많은 기술이 연구되고 개발되었다. 이중 막분리를 이용한 무기염의 제거 방법(역삼투법)은 상변화를 수반하지 않는다는 점에서 많은 주목을 받아왔다. 최근들어서는 2가 이상의 염에 대한 선택적 분리 능력을 가지고 있고, 작동압력이 낮아 에너지 소모가 적은 나노여과법(Nanofiltration)이 폐수나 정수처리에 도입되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 나노여과법을 이용하여 무기 염을 제거하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 실험에 사용한 분리 막은 Filmtec사의 NF-40, NF-45 두 가지이고 사용한 모듈은 평탄형과 나관형의 두 가지이다. 대상이 되는 폐수는 소석회 처리 단계를 거친 산 폐수로 주로 $Ca^{2+},So_4^{2-}$등의 2가 이온과 Na, Cl등의 1가 이온으로 구성되어 있다. 여기서 $CaSO_4$는 스케일을 형성할 가능성이 크므로 1가 이온에 비해 제거할 필요성이 크지만, 비교적 용해도가 높고 과포화 되는 성질이 커서 처리에 어려움이 있다. 이러한 폐수를 나노여과하였을 때 NF-45 평판평 막의 경우 농축 인자 2.6 부근에서, NF-40 나관평 막의 경우 농축 인자 3 부근에서 막 투과 유속의 급격한 감소가 관찰되었다. 이 때 용액 내 전도도와 용액 내 입자의 분포 변화를 종합하여, 평판형 모듈과 나관형 모듈의 막 오염 현상에 대한 메커니즘을 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.402-404
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• 2005

2004년 7월부터 2005년 2월까지 8개월 동안 강원도 정선지역 탄산염지대 지하수 및 하천수의 ${\delta}^{13}C$의 조사 결과, 탄산염 지대 지하수의 13C는 $-12.07{\sim}-8.63$ (평균 -10.34 ), 탄사염지대 하천수의 ${\delta}^{13}C$는 $-10.32{\sim}-6.80$ (평균 -7.944 ) 이었다. 하천수와 지하수 ${\delta}^{13}C$는 수온(T)과 음의 상관관계를 보이고 물의 전기전도도(EC)와 양의 상관관계를 보이며, 여름보다 겨울에 높은 값을 보이는 반면 산화환원 전위(Eh), 용존산소(DO), pH와는 상관관계가 미약함을 보이고 있다. 탄산염지대 지하수 및 하천수의 ${\delta}^{13}C$는 연구지역의 지하수와 하천수가 탄산염암의 용해, 대기 $CO_2$와 용존 $CO_2$의 교환, 유입된 대기 $CO_2$가 물 분자와 반응하여 ${HCO_3}^-$ 이온으로 전환될 때 있는 분별작용의 효과에 의해 주로 영향을 받았으며 수중생물의 신진대사에 의한 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.635-641
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• 2020

In this study, phase equilibria and formation behaviors of methane hydrate containing mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) and salts (sodium chloride, NaCl; sodium bromide, NaBr; sodium iodide, NaI) are investigated. Equilibrium conditions of methane hydrate containing MEG and salts are measured in a temperature range 272~283 K and a pressure range 3.5~11 MPa. Hydrate inhibition performance in the presence of additives can be summarized as follows: methane hydrate containing (5 wt% NaCl + 10 wt% MEG) > (5 wt% NaBr + 10 wt% MEG) > (5 wt% NaI + 10 wt% MEG). Formation behaviors of methane hydrate with MEG and salts are investigated for analyzing the induction time, gas consumption amount and growth rate of methane hydrates. There are no significant changes in the induction time during methane hydrate formation, but the addition of MEG and salts solution during hydrate formation can affect the gas consumption amount and growth rate.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.6A
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• pp.427-435
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• 2012

In order to evaluate the effects of exposure conditions on the resistance to sulfate attack of normal and blended cement mortars, several mechanical characteristics of the mortars such as expansion, strength and bulk density were regularly monitored for 52 cycles under sodium sulfate attack. The mortar specimens were exposed to 3 different types of exposure conditions; 1) continuous full immersion(Exposure A), continuous half-immersion(Exposure B) and cyclic wetting-drying(Exposure C). Experimental results indicated that the maximum deterioration was noted in OPC mortar specimens subjected to Exposure B, showing the wide cracks in the portions where attacking solution is adjacent to air. Additionally, the beneficial effect of ground granulated blast-furnace slag and silica fume was clearly observed showing a superior resistance against sodium sulfate attack, because of its lower permeability and densified structure. Thus, it is suggested that when concrete made with normal cement is exposed to sulfate environment, proper considerations on the exposure conditions should be taken.