• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.26-27
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• 2006

구리와 강철의 성질을 혼합한 것과 같은 우수한 성질을 갖고 있어서 열전도율이 좋고 내마모성이 뛰어난 베릴륨동 기판(BeCu foil)에 대한 식각 특성에 관하여 연구하였다. 일반적으로 베결륨구리에 대한 식각용액은 염화제이철($FeCl_3$)이 널리 알려져 있으며, 이 용액은 농도와 온도에 따라 식각시간이 달라지게 되어 식각되는 면의 상태가 영향을 받게 된다. 염화제이철의 농도를 변화시켜 본 결과 염화제이철의 농도가 증가할수록 식각률이 증가하였고, 염화제이철에 염산(HCI)을 첨가한 결과 식각률이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 이는 염화제이철의 성분 중에서 염산(HCl)의 농도가 식각률에 영향을 미치고 있음을 나타낸다. 또한 염화제이철의 온도가 $40^{\circ}C$일때 식각률이 가장 우수하며 식각되는 면의 상태가 매우 양호해지고 각각 되는 면의 각도도 수직에 가까워진다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2010

A new etchant formulation was developed in this study to increase the shadow mask production rate, utilizing the $Fe(ClO_4)_3$ as an additive in the aqueous $FeCl_3$ solution. The shadow mask etch rate increased substantially with the increase of $Fe(ClO_4)_3$ concentration in the etchant. The etch rate difference between Ni and Invar steel was also reduced with the addition of $Fe{(ClO_4)_3}$ for most of the operating conditions, which was caused by the enhanced etch rate of both Ni and Fe by the new etchant. The increase in etch rate with the addition of $Fe(ClO_4)_3$ to aqueous ferric chloride solution was attributed to the superior electron transfer capability of $ClO^{4-}$ ion to that of $Cl^-$ ion.

• Clean Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.393-400
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• 2017

In this study, we have developed a process for separating and recovering Ni and Fe in solution through a new solvent instead of TBP and Alamine336, which are solvents used in the conventional solvent extraction method. Experimental conditions were optimized through lab test and a $10L\;h^{-1}$ pilot plant was constructed for commercialization. In addition, the process data for mass production were obtained through pilot experiment and it was confirmed that there is no problem in product quality that can be used through the corrosion test of ferric chloride.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.136-137
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• 2007

LCD 패널의 전기전도에 대한 물량여부를 측정하기 위한 프르브 유니트의 핵심소자 중 하나인 블레이드 타입의 핀을 제작하는데 있어서 주 소재인 베릴륨니켈 박판의 식각 조건에 대하여 연구하였다. 사용된 베릴륨니켈 기판의 두께는 $20{\mu}m$이며, DFR을 이용하여 패터닝하였고 염화제이철 및 황산을 첨가한 용액을 이용하여 침전법으로 단면 식각을 실시하였다. 베릴륨니켈 박판은 2mol의 염화제이철에 1mol의 황산을 첨가한 용액으로 $40^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 식각하였을때 가장 빠른 식각을 보였으며, 그에 따라 식각된 면의 상태도 매우 깨끗하고 수직 가까운 식각면이 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.28-32
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• 2000

In this study, the new processing method to produce magnetite for mono-component black toner was studied using spray roaster. The produced magnetite is compared with TMB 125 made by Magnox, USA. When the weight ratio of the ferrous chloride and the ferric chloride is varied from 3:7~7:3 under $N_2$ atmosphere, the 100% major phase of magnetite is obtained. However, when the content of he ferrous chloride is higher than 70wt%, the content of FeO is increased. The phase of $\Gamma-Fe_2O_3$ is shown in th range of over 70wt% of the ferric chloride. The magnetite produced by spray roasting has a saturation magnetization of 80~85 emu/g and a coercivity of 110~130 Oe. The shape of the particle is irregular sphere and hte size of the magnetite is the range of $0.3~0.5\mu\textrm{m}$. It is shown that the magnetite made by spary roasting is enough to apply to the magnetic material of toner.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.211-216
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• 2012

Wet chemical etching of stainless steel foil by aqueous ferric chloride solution was investigated in this study. Effects of various process parameters (e.g. etchant agitation rate, etchant temperature, $Fe^{3+}$ ion concentration, free HCl concentration, specific gravity, etc.) on the etch rate was first studied, and it was found that the etch rate of AK (aluminum-killed) steel, chromium metal and stainless steel (STS430J1L alloy) follows the pseudo-first order reaction equation. When the fatigue ratio of etchant was kept under 16%, sludge was not formed in the solution, and the etched surface showed smooth roughness. The etch rate decreases as Baume of etchant increases, but the effect of free HCl concentration on the etch rate turned out to be minimal. Experimental data were compared with the calculated results from modeled equation, showing very good agreement.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 2019

In general after the etching process, waste etching solution contains metals. (ex. Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), etc.) In this work, we proposed a recycling process for waste etching solution and refining from waste liquid contained nickel to make nickel metal nano powder. At first, the neutralization agent was experimentally selected through the hydrolysis of impurities such as iron by adjusting the pH. We selected sodium hydroxide solution as a neutralizing agent, and removed impurities such as iron by pH = 4. And then, metal ions (ex. Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn), etc.) remain as impurities were refined by D2EHPA (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid). The nickel powders were synthesized by liquid phase reduction method with hydrazine ($N_2H_4$) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The resulting nickel chloride solution and nickel metal powder has high purity ( > 99%). The purity of nickel chloride solution and nickel nano powders were measured by EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic) titration method with ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer). FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy) was used to investigate the morphology, particle size and crystal structure of the nickel metal nano powder. The structural properties of the nickel nano powder were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.421-429
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• 1993

Dissolution reactions of chemical grade zinc sulfide and natural sphalerite were studied in ferric chloride solution as an oxidant. To enhance the leaching reaction, ultrasonic technique was employed in this investigation. For the reaction with pure zinc sulfide, chemical reaction was the rate limiting step in the range of low conversion irrespective of applying ultrasonic wave. And the diffusion through liquid film instead of diffusion through product layer of free sulfur was the rate determining step because ultrasonic vibration removes the product from reaction zone. In the case of sphalerite with the ultrasonic vibrator, it was found that inert mineral layer diffusion was the rate determining step, in which the elemental sulfurs formed were removed by the ultrasonic action. Experimental results showed that the ultrasonic technique proved to be the methods which can significants improve the leaching performance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.295-302
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• 2012

The coagulation of combined sewer overflows ($CSO_{s}$) was investigated by jar-testing with several commercial coagulants. $CSO_{s}$ sample showed different characteristics of coagulation from secondary wastewater with three common coagulants, aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride and polyaluminum chloride (PACl). Jar-tests showed that relatively wide range of optimal SS and T-P removal yielded with alum and ferric chloride compared with cationic polymers, though efficient SS and T-P removal can be achieved with all three coagulants. The decrease of pH was caused by the increase in dosage of aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride and PACl as coagulants. The pH was changed from 7.0 to 4.7 with the dosages of ferric chloride 25 mL/L. Aluminum sulfate revealed pH of 5.0 and PACl was highest pH of 5.4 after dosing of coagulants. The optimal pH to treat $CSO_{s}$ with aluminum sulfate were 6-6.5; with PACl 6-7, and with ferric chloride higher than 7.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.537-548
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• 2010

Recently the Government has announced updated water quality standards for wastewater treatment effluent (become effective in 2012). That includes highly enforced regulations for T-P, BOD and COD, and a large budget, in particular for phosphorus removal, was set by the Ministry of environment. Chemical coagulation destabilizes colloidal particles so that particles grow to larger flocs, and solid particles are removed by solid-liquid separation. The efficiency of chemical coagulation depends on a various factors, including coagulant types and costs, construction and operation costs for the treatment facilities and so on. The proper selection should be based on the treatment efficiency of coagulants and underlying costs. The current research was to evaluate the treatment efficiencies of coagulants on a variety of wastewater influents and to develop saturation curves for several water quality parameters. Typical $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ and $FeCl_3$ were tested under a range of coagulant concentrations. The pollutant removal efficiencies of chemical treatment both for the $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ and $FeCl_3$ were especially high for T-P, followed by SS, BOD and COD. Correlation test also proved the highest relationship between SS and T-P.