• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

Promptly predicting changes in the salinity in rivers is an important task to predict the damage to agriculture and ecosystems caused by salinity infiltration and to establish disaster prevention measures. Because machine learning(ML) methods show much less computation cost than physics-based hydraulic models, they can predict the river salinity in a relatively short time. Due to shorter training time, ML methods have been studied as a complementary technique to physics-based hydraulic model. Many studies on salinity prediction based on machine learning have been studied actively around the world, but there are few studies in South Korea. With a massive number of datasets available publicly, we evaluated the performance of various kinds of machine learning techniques that predict the salinity of the Nakdong River Estuary Basin. As a result, LightGBM algorithm shows average 0.37 in RMSE as prediction performance and 2-20 times faster learning speed than other algorithms. This indicates that machine learning techniques can be applied to predict the salinity of rivers in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 SWASH(Simulating WAves till SHore) 모형의 염분분포 해석의 정확성을 평가하기 위해 Goswami et al.(2007)의 모형실험을 재현하였다. SWASH모형은 Delft 대학에서 개발된 비정수압수치모형으로 연직방향으로 층(layer)을 나누어 자유수면변위를 정확하게 예측하고 표준 ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ 난류모델을 이용해 염분, 온도 및 침전물 등의 난류확산을 계산한다. 우선 Goswami et al.(2007)의 모형실험 중 정상상태의 모형실험을 이용해 층수에 따른 수치모형의 정확도를 평가하였다. SWASH 모형의 층수를 늘리며 수치모의를 수행한 결과, 층수가 늘어날수록 종, 횡 방향의 염분농도 분포가 정확하게 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 추가로 SWASH 수치모형을 이용해 염수침투 및 후퇴 상태의 모형실험도 수치모의하였다. 염수의 공급에 따라 시간에 따른 염분농도 분포가 변화하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 연직방향의 층수가 많은 경우 모형실험의 결과와 비교적 잘 일치하는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 연직방향의 층수를 늘려감에 따라 수심방향으로 더 정밀한 염분분포 해석이 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러나 연직방향으로 많은 층을 나눈 경우 계산시간이 증가하기 때문에 수심이 작거나 연직방향의 염분농도 분포가 중요하지 않은 경우라면 적절한 층수(5~10 layer)를 고려해 수치모의를 수행하는 것이 시간과 비용측면에서 더욱 경제적이라고 할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.87-91
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• 2006

본 연구의 대상 지역은 전라북도 부안군 변산면 격포리 일대이다. 이 지역의 해안 대수층 내에서 발생하고 있는 해수 침투 현상을 효과적으로 모사하고 지하수 양수정의 설치 및 운영의 영향을 정량적으로 평가하기 위하여 지형과 지층의 구성 등의 수리지질학적 특성을 종합적으로 고려한 지하수 유동 및 염분 이동 삼차원 수치 모델링을 수행하였다. 지하수 양수 전의 정상 상태 수치 모델링 결과에서는 지하수 유동 및 염분 이동의 측면에서 대상지역의 수리지질학적 특성이 잘 반영되어 나타났다. 또한 지하수 양수 시의 비정상 상태 수치 모델링 결과에서는 지형과 지층의 특성에 따라서 염분 이동의 양상이 특징적으로 나타났으며 양수정의 위치에 따른 염분 농도의 시간적 공간적 분포의 변화를 효과적으로 예측할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 향후 연구지역 뿐만 아니라 국내의 다른 해안 지역에서 지하수 자원의 개발 시에 해수 침투의 양상을 파악하고 예측하는데 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2011

The purpose of salinity intrusion due to numerical simulation is analaysis for saline intrusion to the upstream channel in Nakdong River Estuary Barrage(NREB) to get enough fresh water. Conditions that occur salinity intrusion affect by tidal distribution at seas, so salinity concentration changes according to tidal phenomenon. Making this connection cleary can help preventing salinity intrusion. In this study, estimating salinity intrusion to the upstream channel in NREB using EOMSED model, we reexamine NREB's existence. Comparison is also made with observing data. In result, when inflow discharges at $75m^3/s$ is more similar with respect to observing data than $130m^3/s$ at ECOMSED model. Thus, estimations are more precise at little discharges than lots of discharges.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.106-116
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• 1987

미국 Utah주의 huntington 화력발전소에서 냉각수를 사용하고 버리는 염분농도가 4mmhos/cm 정도로 높아 자연하천으로 그대로 방류 시킬 수 없으며, 미 환경법에 따라 안전처리후 방류할 수 있다. 따라서 이 염분발생 처리방법의 하나로 보리, 밀, 옥수수, 감자 그리고 알팔파등 사료작물의 관개용수로 이용할 수 있는 방법이 장기간 시험연구되고 있다. 현재로서는 이 방법이 경제적인 것으로 평가되고 있으나 장기적으로 이 염분폐수로 인한 토양의 성질변화 작용의 생산량 감소등에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해서 1977년에 시작하여 8년 연속 연구사업으로 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 지난 8년간(1977~1984년)의 관측.조사자료를 이용하여 염분 관개용수가 장기적으로 생산량 추정과 계획예측을 위한 자발성과 토양수분변화를 추정할 수 있는 모형에 의하여 연구한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. EC 4mmhos/cm의 염분 관개용수로 8년간 장기간 추출한 결과, 추출용수의 양에 관계내 염분축적은 예상보다 서서히 진행되었으며, 이 염분축적이 작물의 생산량 감소의 주원인은 아니었다. 2. 지난 2년간의 관측 결과, 염분 관개용수에 함유된 10ppm정도의 요소가 작물 특히 보리, 옥수수, 감자등의 생산량 감소의 주원인 것으로 판단된다. 염분용수 진개구에는 하천수 보다 20배가 많은 요소가 축적돼 있었으며, 이는 요소가 토양내에 잘 침투되며, 토양으로 부터 요소를 용달시키려는 염분을 용달시킬 때 보다 후러씬 더 많은 용달용수를 필요로함을 뜻한 작물들의 면요소성을 구명하기위한 모형개발이 요구된다. 3. 염분관개용수로 관개할 때 보리, 옥수수, 감자등의 작물 생산량과 풍작물 생산량은 현저하게 감소하였다. 보리, 옥수수의 염분용수에 의한 생산량과 하천수에 의한 생산량과의 비는 풍건물의 경우 0.6, 매물의 경우 0.5였으며 감자의 경우는 0.2이하였다. 4. 염분용수 관개구와 하천수 관개구의 모든작물에서 풍건물 생산량과 축배량 사이에는 강한 직선적인 관계를 보였다. 보리, 감자의 작물 생산량과 축배량사이에도 선형의 관계가 성립되었으나, 밀과 옥수수의 매물 생산량과 축배량사이에는 곡선적인 관계를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.344-351
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• 2010

Uncertainty analysis on the net flow discharge (NFD) influencing the long-term material transport and the simulation results of the salinity and COD concentration distribution using the MIKE21 diffusion model in Gyeonggi bay and Han-River estuary is carried out. The NFD flowing the Gyodongdo - Seokmodo channel via the North channel of Ganghwado is estimated about 97% of the total NFD and the NFD of the Yeomha channel is estimated as only $2.5{\sim}3.0%$. On the other hand, the uncertainty defined as the difference by the different time-scale data input is analysed by the comparison of the model simulation result of the salinity and COD concentration distribution. One is computed based on the daily river flow data, and the other is computed based on the monthlymean river flow data. The results show that the salinity and COD concentration differences are about -10~20 psu and ${\pm}1.0\;mg/L$ during the summer season having a high flow discharge in Yeomha channel, respectively. The difference is clearly negligible in the open sea area.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.297-306
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• 2014

In this study, EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code) model was used to simulate the salinity distribution for sea water inflow and rainfall runoff. The flowrate was given to the boundary conditions, which can be calculated by areal-specific flowrate method from the measured flowrate of the representative outfall. The boundary condition of the water elevation can be obtained from the hourly tidal elevation. The flowrate from the outfall can be calculated using the condition of the 245 mm raifall. The simulation results showed that at Sites 1~2 and the Mangsan island (Site 4) the salinity becomes 0 ppt after the rainfall. However, the salinity is 30 ppt when there is no rainfall. Time series of the salinity changes were compared with the measured data from January 1 to December 31, 2010 at the four sites (Site 2~5) of Yongwon channel. Lower salinities are shown at the inner sites of Yongwon channel (Site 1~4) and the sites of Songjeong river (Site 7~8). The intensive investigation near the Mangsan island showed that the changes of salinity were 21.9~28.8 ppt after the rainfall of 17 mm and those of the salinity were 2.33~8.05 ppt after the cumulative rainfall of 160.5 mm. This means that the sea water circulation is blocked in Yongwon channel, and the salinity becomes lower rapidly after the heavy rain.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.96-110
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to develop soil salt prediction model for the estimation of irrigation water requirements for dry field crops in reclaimed tidelands. The simulation model based on water balance equation, salt balance equation, and salt storage equation was developed for daily prediction of sa]t concentration in root zone. The data obtained from field measurement during the growing period of tomato were used to evaluate the applicability of this model. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1.The optimum irrigation point which maximizes the crop yield in reclaimed tidelands of silt loam soil while maintaining the salt concentration within the tolerance level, ws found to be pF 1.6, and total irrigation requirement after transplanting was 602mm(6.7 mm/day)for tomato. 2.When the irrigation point was pF 1.6, the deviation between predicted and measured salt concentration was less than 4 % at the significance level of 1 7% 3.Since the deviations between predicted and measured values data decrease as the amount of irrigation water increases, the proposed model appear to be more suitable for use in reclaimed tidelands. 4.The amount of irrigation water estimated by the simulation model was 7.2mm/day in the average for cultivating tomato at the optimum irrigation point of pF 1.6.The simulation model proposed in this study can be generalized by applying it to other crops. This, model, also, could be further improved and extended to estimate desalinization effects in reclaimed tidelands by including meteorological effect, capillary phenomenon, and infiltration.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 1998

This study was performed to produce basic data for developing prediction techniques of desalinization through analyzing soil properties of reclaimed tidal lands, using soil samples collected in 11 units of tidal land reclamation projects. The average apparent specific gravity (bulk density), real specific gravity (particle density), porosity, and saturation percentage were measured to be 1.33, 2.64, 49.6%, and 56.3%, respectively. It was estimated that the soil texture class of reclaimed tidal lands would be silt or silt loam. The electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage were estimated to be $20{\sim}40dS\;m^{-1}$ and 30~50% in the beginning of tidal land reclamation, and the value of pH was measured to be 6.5~7.9. In conclusion, the soil properties of reclaimed tidal lands could be descrived to be saline-sodic soils with the high electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage.

• Atmosphere
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.229-240
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• 2021

The Global Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GODAPS) in operation at the KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) is introduced. GODAPS consists of ocean model, ice model, and 3-d variational ocean data assimilation system. GODAPS assimilates conventional and satellite observations for sea surface temperature and height, observations of sea-ice concentration, as well as temperature and salinity profiles for the ocean using a 24-hour data assimilation window. It finally produces ocean analysis fields with a resolution of 0.25 ORCA (tripolar) grid and 75-layer in depth. This analysis is used for providing a boundary condition for the atmospheric model of the KMA Global Seasonal Forecasting System version 5 (GloSea5) in addition to monitoring on the global ocean and ice. For the purpose of evaluating the quality of ocean analysis produced by GODAPS, a one-year data assimilation experiment was performed. Assimilation of global observing system in GODAPS results in producing improved analysis and forecast fields with reduced error in terms of RMSE of innovation and analysis increment. In addition, comparison with an unassimilated experiment shows a mostly positive impact, especially over the region with large oceanic variability.