• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.68-86
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• 2016

Understanding the frictional properties of rock discontinuities is crucial to ensure the stability of underground structures. In particular, the frictional behavior at depth depends on the complex interaction among mechanical, hydraulic, thermal and chemical characteristics and their coupled effects. In this study, a series of shear tests were carried out in a triaxial compression chamber to investigate the shearing behavior of saw-cut granite surface and rough shear surface of synthetic rocks. The test results were analyzed using Coulomb's shear strength criterion. The frictional behavior of saw-cut granite surface showed little variation at different confining, water pressures and temperature conditions, however in case of synthetic rocks, the frictional behavior showed different trend depending on normal stress level. In addition, the variation of stiffness and dilation at different testing conditions were analyzed, and the stiffness and dilation showed little variation at different water pressures and temperature conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.824-828
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• 2006

SWAT-MODFLOW 모형은 물리적 기반의 준 분포형 모형인 SWAT모형의 지하수 모듈을 분포형 모형인 MODFLOW로 대체하여 하천과 대수층간의 수위차이에 따른 물교환량으로 지하수 유출량을 결정하는 완전 연동형 지표수-지하수 통합모형이다. 이 모형을 구동하기 위해서는 유역자료, 기상자료, 하천특성자료, 토지 이용자료, 토양자료, 작물자료, 지하수자료 등 다양한 입력 자료를 필요로 한다. 이러한 입력 자료의 변동양상에 따라 모형의 결과가 크게 다르게 나타나므로 모형의 입력 매개변수 변화에 따른 모형의 반응을 분석하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 지하수유출해석을 담당하는 MODFLOW 모형의 수리지질학적 매개변수 변화에 따른 모형의 반응을 검토하였다. SWAT-MODFLOW 모형을 경안천 유역에 적용하여 투수계수, 저류계수, 하상수리전도도 등의 주요 수리지질학적 매개변수가 지하수 유출현상에 미치는 증감과 변화율 등을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 유역출구점에서의 연평균 지하수유출량의 변화, 하천과 대수층의 상호작용에 따른 지하수 유출량 시계열의 변화 등을 분석하여 그 결과를 제시하였다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.175-186
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• 2023

The buffer materials in disposal hole are exposed to the decay heat from spent nuclear fuels and groundwater inflow through adjacent rockmass. Since understanding of thermal-hydro-mechanical-chemical (T-H-M-C) interaction in buffer material is crucial for predicting their long-term performance and safety of disposal repository, it is necessary to investigate the heating-hydration characteristics and consequent T-H-M-C behavior of the buffer materials under disposal conditions considering geochemical factors. In response, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute developed a laboratory-scale 'Lab.THMC' experiment system, which characterizes the T-H-M behavior of buffer materials under different geochemical conditions by analyzing heating-hydration process and stress changes. This technical report introduces the detail design of the Lab.THMC system, summarizes preliminary experimental results, and outlines future research plans.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.222-222
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• 2023

오픈 소스 유체역학 소프트웨어인 OpenFOAM은 다양한 유체 흐름에 적용 가능한 프로그램들로 구성되어 있다. 이 중 interFoam은 밀도가 다른 두 유체(i.e., 물, 공기) 간의 경계를 추적하는 기법을 기반으로 한 프로그램으로, 파랑의 거동 모의에 주로 쓰이고 있다. 파생형 프로그램으로는 동격자(dynamic mesh) 및 중첩 격자 기법(overset grid method)을 interFoam에 추가한 overInterDyMFoam이 있다. 두 기법을 사용하면 각각 여러 영역에서 유체흐름과 다중 물체 간의 상호작용을 효율적으로 모의할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 overInterDyMFoam을 사용하여 두 개 수문의 개방 움직임을 구현하고 생성된 파랑이 포말대(swash zone)에 접근하였을 때의 흐름 특성을 조사하였다. 수치모형실험 결과 수문 개방 속도가 댐 붕괴 파랑 흐름 전파속도에 영향을 미치는 사실을 발견하였다. 또한, 처오름과 처내림의 상호작용에 의한 난류 운동 특성을 조사하기 위해 수문 개방시간 간격을 0초~3초로 설정하였다. 수치모형실험 결과는 수리모형실험의 수면 변동 시계열과 속도 시계열 결과와 비교하여 모형의 정확성이 검증되었다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.257-269
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• 2001

Numerical simulation is performed to understand the structural behavior of an underground radwaste repository, assumed to be located at the depth of 500 m, in a granitic rock mats, in which a fault intersects the roof of the repository cavern. Two dimensional universal distinct element code, UDEC is used in the analysis. The numerical model includes a granitic rock mass, a canister with PWR spent fuels surrounded by the compacted bentonite inside the deposition hole, and the mixed bentonite backfilled in the rest of the space within the repository cavern. The structural behavior of three different cases, each case with a fault of an angle of $33^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;and\;58^{\circ}$ passing through the cavern roof-wall intersection, has been compared. And then fro the case with the $45^{\circ}$ fault, the hydro-mechanical, thermo-mechanical, and thermo-hydro-mechanical interaction behavior have been studied. The effect of the time-dependent decaying heat, from the radioactive materials in PWR spent fuels, on the repository and its surroundings has been studied. The groundwater table is assumed to be located 10m below the ground surface, and a steady state flow algorithm is used.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.155-167
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• 2015

The thermal-hydrological-mechanical (T-H-M) behavior of rock mass surrounding a high-temperature cavern thermal energy storage (CTES) operated for a period of 30 years has been investigated by TOUGH2-FLAC3D simulator. As a fundamental study for the development of prediction and control technologies for the environmental change and rock mass behavior associated with CTES, the key concerns were focused on the hydrological-thermal multiphase flow and the consequential mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock mass, where the insulator performance was not taken into account. In the present study, we considered a large-scale cylindrical cavern at shallow depth storing thermal energy of $350^{\circ}C$. The numerical results showed that the dominant heat transfer mechanism was the conduction in rock mass, and the mechanical behavior of rock mass was influenced by thermal factor (heat) more than hydrological factor (pressure). The effective stress redistribution, displacement and surface uplift caused by heating of rock and boiling of ground-water were discussed, and the potential of shear failure was quantitatively examined. Thermal expansion of rock mass led to the ground-surface uplift on the order of a few centimeters and the development of tensile stress above the storage cavern, increasing the potential of shear failure.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.3 s.62
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• pp.241-250
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• 2006

Ice ring formation, one of the core techniques in LNG storage in a lined rock cavern, is investigated through hydro-thermal coupled analysis. An ice ring acts as a secondary barrier in case of leakage of cryogenic liquid and as a primary barrier for groundwater intrusion into an LNG cavern. Therefore, the thickness and location of the ice ring are crucial factors for the safe operation of an LNG storage cavern, especially for maintaining the integrity of a primary barrier composed of concrete, PU foam, and steel membrane. Through numerical analyses, the position and thickness of the ice ring are estimated, and the temperature and groundwater level are compared with measured values. The temperature md groundwater level by numerical analyses show good agreement with the field measurements when temperature-dependent properties and phase change are taken into account. The schemes used in this paper can be applied for estimation of ice ring formation in designing a full-scale LNG cavern.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.1 s.60
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• pp.38-49
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• 2006

LNG storage in lined rock cavern demands various techniques concerned with rock mechanics, thermo-mechanics and hydrogeology in design, construction and maintenance stage. LNG pilot cavern was constructed in Daejeon in order to verify these techniques. In this paper, evaluation of drainage system and ice ring formation was studied by numerical simulation. By Modflow analysis in the viewpoint of aquifer and Seep/W analysis in the viewpoint of flow system, it was verified that the drainage system in the pilot cavern was efficiently operated. Since ice ring formation can be simulated by interactive relation between heat transfer and water flow, coupled analysis of those was performed. In this analysis, the position of ice ring was presumed and it was demonstrated that the formation is affected by velocity and direction of groundwater flow.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6B
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• pp.635-642
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• 2008

The influence of unsubmerged resistance bodies in a channel turbulence flow on energy loss was investigated by hydraulic experiments. Square-shaped multi-piers were used for unsubmerged structure or rigid vegetation in an open channel. In experimental channel flows multi-piers were arranged in double or single row along the channel direction, and mean-concept uniform elevations were attained and measured with a set of discharges and channel slopes. Applying the experimental results to the Manning equation, the equivalent resistance coefficient n, which implicates flow resistance and energy loss due to bottom friction as well as drag, was evaluated with varying the interval of piers and the uniform water depth. And the experimentally evaluated n values were compared with the semi-theoretical formula of the equivalent resistance coefficient derived from momentum analysis including a drag interaction coefficient. From the comparisons it was found that the interaction effect of piers on flow resistance was significant for the overall energy losses in a channel flow. The n values decrease when the interval of piers in flow-direction is less than about 2.2 times of the pier width. And it was also found that the n values increase with the 2/3 power of water depth in the theoretical formula, since the drag interaction coefficient was found to be mostly dependent on the interval of piers.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.603-617
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• 2023

This study aims to provide a better understanding of the turbulent flow characteristics in swash zone. A double dam-break method is employed to generate the swash zone flow. Comparing with the conventional single dam-break method, a delay between two gate opening can be controlled to reproduce various interactions between uprush and backwash. For numerical simulations, overInterDyMFoam based on OpenFOAM is adopted. Using overInterDyMFoam, interface between two immiscible fluids having different densities (i.e., air and water phases) can be tracked in a moving mesh with multiple layers. Two-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved with a standard 𝜅-𝜖 turbulence model for momentum and continuity. Numerical model results are validated with laboratory experiment data for the time series of water depth and streamwise velocity. Turbulent kinetic energy distribution is further investigated to identify the turbulence evolution for each flow regime (i.e., uprush, backwash, and swash-swash interaction).