• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1285-1291
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lotus leaf and lotus root powder on the quality characteristics of sponge cake. Percentages of 4, 8 and 12% of two kinds of lotus powder were added to the batter based on flour content. Baking and cooling loss rate, volume and specific loaf volume, crumb color, texture, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sensory evaluation of the products were analyzed. The baking and cooling loss rate of the control was lower than cakes with added lotus leaf and lotus root powder. The volume of the control was the largest, and as the amount of lotus leaf and lotus root powder increased, volume and specific loaf volume became smaller. The lightness and yellowness values of the control were higher than those of the experimental cakes, and the loaves with 12% added lotus root powder showed the lowest value. Redness of the experimental cakes increased. In the textual property evaluation, hardness of the control and sponge cakes containing 4% lotus leaf, and lotus root powder appeared to have the lowest value. As the amount of lotus leaf and lotus root powder increased, hardness increased. Springiness showed the same tendency, but cohesiveness of the control revealed the lowest value. The structure of the cake crumb by SEM, revealed that the crumb cells and grains of the experimental cakes were opened and coarse, as the amount of lotus leaf and lotus root powders increased. In a sensory evaluation, sponge cakes containing lotus root powder were preferred rather than those with lotus leaf powder. As a result, good sponge cakes were prepared by adding 4% lotus leaf powder or 8% lotus root powder.

• 프린팅코리아
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.62-62
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• 2010

마이크로콘트롤스(대표 조병우)에서 공급하고 있는 액화금속코팅 재킷인 J750BL시리즈는 뛰어난 성능과 다양한 기능으로 주목을 받고 있다. 3층으로 구성되어 있는 특수코팅층은 이른바 '연잎 효과(Lotus Effect)'를 구현하고 있다. 연잎 효과는 반발력을 최대화하는 기능을 발휘하는데 있어 중요한 역할을 감당하며 장기간 사용해도 성능 발휘에 지장이 없다. 인쇄작업의 효율성 제고와 친환경성을 감안하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1622-1626
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• 2008

This study was carried out for the analysis of chemical composition and antioxidative activity of lotus leaf. The lotus leaf contained 63.8% of crude carbohydrate, 16.9% of crude protein, 1.0% crude fat, and 9.3% of crude ash including high amount of calcium (2.2%). The antioxidative effect of several solvents extracts of lotus leaf was investigated. Among them 70% ethanol extract showed relatively higher extraction yield and higher total phenol content as well as the highest electron-donating ability using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.643-650
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze the quality change of mackerel treated of green tea and lotus leaf boiled water extracts. And investigate the antioxidant effects of them on the lipid peroxidation of mackerel during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. It was estimated periodical measurements of proximate composition, pH, carbonyl, volatile basic nitrogen, trimethylamine-N, acid, peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values. It had no effect on proximate composition compared with non- treated control nearly but, pH of all the samples was increase during 28 days continuously. The contents of volatile basic nitrogen and trimethylamine-N lower than control during storage. Also, acid, peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values of mackerel treated of green tea and lotus leaf boiled water extracts were significantly lower than control throughout storage period. Especially, mackerel treated of 2% green tea and lotus leaf boiled water extracts shows that more effective than 1% of things in antioxidant during storage. Results indicate that the application of green tea and lotus leaf boiled water extract on the surface of mackerel may be useful to lower the rancidity degree and fish odor during storage.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2012

The quality characteristics of yenipsambab prepared using various amounts of red, green, and black pigmented rice (0, 10, 20, and 30% added) were investigated. The pH of the cooked rice of yenipsambab decreased significantly as the amounts of pigmented rice increased. The Hunter's color L value decreased, but the b value increased with increasing amounts of pigmented rice. Moreover, the addition of 10-30% pigmented rice resulted in increased hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness, and brittleness compared to the control. Finally, the results of the sensory evaluation and acceptance test showed that the cooked rice containing 10-20% pigmented rice had the highest scores. This study will help in the development of new rice products that are good for the health.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.112-130
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• 2016

In this study the moisture content and chromaticity of fresh made lotus leaf powder added Cheongpomuk to utilize various efficacy of lotus leaf for processed food, as well as chromaticity, moisture content change, texture, total phenolic compound content, DPPH radical scavenging ability and preference of lotus leaf powder added Cheongpomuk with different storage period have been measured and analyzed. From the texture of lotus leaf powder added mung bean as per the storage period, the hardness of fresh Cheongpomuk were $0.38g/cm^2$ from control group, $0.40g/cm^2$ from CCD 1% group, $0.42g/cm^2$ from CCD 3% group, $0.37g/cm^2$ from CCD 5% group, $0.42g/cm^2$ from GGD 1% group, $0.39g/cm^2$ from GGD 3% group, $0.35g/cm^2$ from GGD 5% group, $0.39g/cm^2$ from JLD 1% group, $0.33g/cm^2$ from JLD 3% group, and $0.32g/cm^2$ from JLD 5% group. It has shown that JLD 5% group was the lowest, while CCD 3% group and GGD 1% group were the highest, and there were significant differences among sample groups. For DPPH radical scavenging ability, that of GLD 5% group was 22 times higher than that of control group. In addition, the tendency was increasing by increasing the adding rate of lotus leaf powder though there was some tolerance among sample groups. For total phenolic compound content, that of control group was 6.65 mg CE/100 g, and others were 7.48 mg CE/100 g from CCD 1% group, 15.82 mg CE/100 g from CCD 3% group, 20.15 mg CE/100 g from CCD 5% group, 15.55mg CE/100 g from GGD 1% group, 23.02 mg CE/100 g from GGD 3%, 26.95 mg CE/100 g from GGD 5% group, 3.92 mg CE/100 g from JLD 1% group, 16.72 mg CE/100 g from JLD 3%, and 26.58 mg CE/100 from JLD 5% group. From the analyzing result of responses for color and scent, taste, elasticity, and total preference of lotus leaf powder added Cheongpomuk between two panel groups, there was significant difference for the color, higher from professional cooking instructor group, but there were no significant difference between two groups for all other factors among professional cooking instructors and cooking department students. According to the results, it is expected that various functional foods can be developed by utilizing lotus leaf powder, depending on the growth condition and cultural environment of each region by adding 3% of lotus leaf powder, would be the most suitable recipe for Cheongpomuk.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5773-5778
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• 2011

Results regarding the anti-oxidative, anti-allergic, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer effects of lotus leaf and dandelion have been reported through active research on the medical effects of medicine prepared from crude drugs. This paper aimed to examine the anti-bacterial effect of lotus leaf and dandelion extracts on S. mutans by evaluating the colony forming unit and growth curve. In accordance with the growth inhibition rate of S. mutans according to the addition of lotus leaf and dandelion extracts, the higher the extract concentration was, the higher the growth inhibition rate of S. mutans was. This paper therefore verifies that lotus leaf and dandelion extracts have an effect in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.12a
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• pp.259-261
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• 2011

생약제제 중에서 연은 수련과의 식물로서 예로부터 위염, 출혈, 설사, 치질, 두통, 해독작용 등에 사용되어 왔으며, 민들레는 국화과에 속하는 식물로 천식, 해열, 강장, 부인병 등에 사용되어왔다. 최근에는 이들 생약제제의 약리작용에 대한 연구도 활발하게 이루어져 항산화작용, 항알레르기효과. 항균작용, 항암활성 등에 관한 연구가 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 연잎과, 민들레의 추출물이 치아우식 원인균인 S. mutans에 미치는 항균효과를 연구하고자 하였다. 추출물의 첨가에 따른 S. mutans의 성장억제율을 측정한 결과, 추출물의 농도가 높아질수록 S. mutans의 성장억제율도 높아지는 결과를 얻었다. 이로써 연잎과 민들레 추출물은 S. mutans의 성장을 억제하는 항균효과를 가지고 있음을 본 연구에서 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1115-1123
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of Nelumbo nucifera G. leaf (NNL) extract as a cosmetic additive. The electron-donating ability of the NNL extract at a concentration of 1,000 μg/ml was 67.83%. In xanthine oxidase, the inhibition effect of the NNL extract was 92.7% at the same concentration. For whitening effects, tyrosinase inhibition effect of NNL extract was 42.7% at a 1,000 μg/ml concentration. The cell toxicity of the NNL extract was examined in melanoma cells (B16F10) using a 3-[4, 5–dimethyl–thiazol–2–yl]-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay. The cell toxicity assay revealed that the NNL extract had a toxicity of 81.61% at a concentration of 1,000 μg/ml The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), and tyrosinase protein expression inhibitory effect by Western blot of NNL extract were measured by a Western blot at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml. At a 100 μg/ml concentration of the NNL extract, the expression of the MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase protein was decreased by 69.59%, 27.74%, 67.33%, and 67.78% respectively. The MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2 and tyrosinase mRNA expression inhibitory effect were measured by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml. GAPDH was used as a positive control. At a concentration of 100 μg/ml of the NNL extract, the expression of MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase mRNA was decreased by 67.51%, 71.36%, 85.74%, and 83.64%, respectively. These findings suggest that the NNL extract has antioxidant and whitening effects and that it has great potential as a cosmetic ingredient.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.180-188
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• 2002

Sand dollar, Astriclypeus manni (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) is widely distributed on subtidal sand flats all along the coast of Cheju Island. Limited information has been reported on their ecology despite their abundance. This study reports gut contents, density and locomotion of the sand dollars distributed on a subtidal sand flat on the north-east coast of Cheju Island. Microscopic examination of the gut contents indicated that A. manni feeds on inorganic and organic detritus as well as live organisms contained in the sediments. Inorganic particles included sand grains, sponge spicules and shells of benthic animals such as foraminifera, crustacean and molluscs. Mean diameter of sediment particles retained in the gut was $77.6\pm{22.2}\mu{m}$. Live organisms retained in the gut included foraminifera, harpacticoid copepods, nematodes, diatoms and unidentified egg. Spatial distribution pattern of the sand dollar was found to be random with a mean density of 0.4 individual $m^{-2}(\chi^2=85.16,\;p>0.05)$. Locomotion speed of the sand dollar measured in situ was 2.0 to 65.0 cm $hr^{-1}$. Locomotion speed and moving distance was somewhat higher in summer when food availability also higher.