• Korean Association for Visual Culture
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• v.17
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• pp.65-92
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• 2011

This thesis investigates the complex functions of the magic lantern in illusionism and enlightment which was the most popular visual media and the direct ancestor of cinema. Especially, the thesis focuses on the characteristics of magic lantern's images which had been varied with the scientific and technological development. During the early period of the magic lantern, from the late 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, it frightened viewers by showing magic images with ghosts and spectres, 'phantasmagoria', and wondered with images of natural catastropes and interesting stories like fables and fairy tales, which fulfilled the entertainment function. Since the mid 19th century the magic lantern began to show not only pictures of the 'scientific themes' on the earth, nature and human, but also them of the ethnological on the far, exotic worlds like Africa, Amazon and Syberia etc. from the European perspective. These contents conducted the educative function and contributed to the process of Enlightment to the peoples in the pre-modern age. The two functions of the magic lantern such as entertainment and education had been neither historically followed, nor clearly divided, but the one was predominant according to the development of lantern techniques as well as the changes of the world view and the culture of the time. The entertainment function of the magic lantern based on the visual fantacy did exist in the late 19th century further, and also in the late industrial society, even in the age of highly developed science and technology, viewers want rather 're-enchantment' by illusionism than facts and truths on the reality. This is an essential characteristic of the moving image media, as it had already been presented in the images of the magic lantern.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.82-111
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• 2010

The goal of this paper was to understand the skill-up experiences of ex-participants of the customized training program in Technical High Schools for Small and Medium Business during first 2 years in Company through qualitative interviews with 3 purposefully selected ex-participants. Their core skill-up experience in this period was assumed as the shift from' dependent worker' to 'independent worker' on the base of literature review. The results of this study were following : 1. The small and medium companies offered a few formal training for newcomers, production-site orientation through short job rotation, linking them with skilled workers and job manuals or job standards. 2. Authentic skill-up experiences were combined with a structured reprimand, peer learning, deep learning through reflection on one's own experiences. 3. There were a few handicap conditions that disturbed their skill-up activities: the skilled worker don't open their skill toward new corner; the ex-participants in company had no time to learn anything meaningful to up-grade their competency.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.201-213
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• 1995

Understanding of the fracture processes in rock mass for hydrogeology necessitates such information as fracture mechanics including genesis, propagation, termination, and the relation of fracture distribution to geologic structures and fracture modelling, etc. A current status of information on fracture for groundwater flow in rock mass, however, is very paucity except on a few special fields throughout the world. The desired and reasonable approach method in the evaluation on the groundwater flow in fractured rock mass must be based on the thorough understanding of fracture processes and a simplified model representing fracture properties which would be met to natural conditions for the interpretation and prediction.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.175-212
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• 1999

All the libraries are facing major financial problems due to a variety of reasons such as non growing or even decreasing appropriations from their administration, continuing inflationary increases for journal and library materials, needs for new or improved facilities. increased costs for new technologies and networks and more demands for services. To address these financial problems, library administrators need to find ways to supplement their budgets through existing as well as new creative external funding strategies including grants, fundraising. sponsorship. resource sharing fees and others. This paper is drawing fundraising and sponsorship. But this financial aid is not an Aladin's lamp which, if rubbed three times, will give you three wishes and all the money you want. So this study is reviewed the history of fundraising, environmental situation in connecting with library law, status-quo, practical process for fundraising and existing sponsorship methods.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.540-559
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the locations and to interpret the landscapes of the local towns in Joseon Dynasty from Feng-shui's point of view. As a result of analysing the locations of towns in Gyeongsang Province, the towns which have typical Feng-shui landscapes make up to 58% of the total. Historically, the local towns that were established in the early period of the Joseon Dynasty didn't reveal Feng-shui's landscape, but those that were established in the late period of the Joseon Dynasty revealed the Feng-shui's landscape clearly. In this article, I classify the local towns of the Gyeongsang Province into 3 types: 1. Non Feng-shui type These towns are located near the seashore. The main reason that these towns were located at the seashore was defense against an enemy. 2. Semi Feng-shui type. These towns don't have natural location but have a man-made landscape, based on the principles of Feng-shui. 3. Typical Feng-shui type. These towns were typically administrational towns which were located at the center of a local region.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.74
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• pp.227-253
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• 2023

Purpose of the Study: This paper focuses on a significant historical event, namely the Bremen teachers' movement of 1905, which aimed to abolish religious classes in public schools. By examining an incident in the German history of religious education that remains unfamiliar to the Korean Christian Association, I aim to explore the interconnected diachronic and synchronic influences involved in this particular event. Contents and Method: The religious controversy sparked by the Bremen Teacher's movement of 1905 marked the first official call for reform towards neutral religious education in schools. Several factors contributed to this debate, including the rise of civil society in the 19th century, advancements in science and scholarship, the emergence of social democracy, and the conflict between the Lutheran and Reformed Churches. This paper delves into the historical context of the controversy and analyzes its impact on the develop of religious education in Germany. As reflected in the Bremen Document, the official outcome of the Bremen Teacher's Movement, educators argued for the separation of religion and education, emphasizing that religion is a deeply personal matter. The document called for the adoption of value-neutral moral education in public schools, achieved through objective Bible-History classes. This paper explores the impact of the Bremen School Dispute of 1905 on the development of religious education in Germany. Specifically, the provisions of the Bremen State Constitution of 1948 and the German Basic Law of 1949 were influenced by the controversy, with Article 141 of the Basic Law - known as the 'Bremen Clause' - providing a legal basis for the exclusion of churches from religion-classes at Schools in Bremen. The Bible-History Classes advocated in the Bremen Documents served as the basis for the present-day Bremen religious education curriculum well known for neutral objective religion-classes. Conlusion: This study analyzes the background, content, and influence of the Bremen School Controversy, which remains relatively unknown in Korea. The findings of this study can contribute to the ongoing discussion of Christian school education in Korea, with an emphasis on maintaining a Christian identity while promoting religious publicity in the classroom.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.46
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• pp.207-231
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• 2017

Printmaking is a field of fine arts and is placed on a vague boundary that is perceived as a commercial product with a popular character due to the speciality of editions. Advances of modern science and technology has developed a new technique of printmaking, and the fusion of printmaking and computer has shown the possibility of reproduction art. Reproduction printmaking has been heavily influenced by photography and extended areas, and the various forms of printing have brought about many changes and attempts by stimulating the possibilities of indirect art at various angles. As the history of printmaking and technology closely relate, the development of computer makes widespread expansion of plural artistry, technological and artistic change. A new conceptual shape can be created on the copied image simply by placing the material of the print on the smoothly flat surface expressed in digital form. The process and the result of such work show the area of unique work which is different from the value of the $\grave{a}$ la carte art or the characteristics of the material given by the print. The deprecated perception of reproducibility evaluated the value of the work in a direct sense of printmaking. It is undeniable that it is devalued by a bundle of works regardless of the value of each edition. However, the physical properties of the prints on the paper are brought up with hand drawings drawn on the canvas by hand. And it becomes an opportunity to show new aspect and change through the process of combining digital print information on paper. The diversity of media is sometimes a controversy of identity between art and technology. In the future, it should be discussed how the limit of the media which can be enjoyed in the field of art can be set as a standard.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.22
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• pp.27-55
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• 2005

Visual media are taken the highest position in modem society, Modern poems also have been changed into visual poems, This aspect is the result of considering only individual talents ignoring traditions. Now, new Sigo should be concentrated on the mythological and historical voice from true nature and the body of human being, That is. ut should be converted into an ecological world view resolutely and restored a form of expression granted specific characteristics of our language. Advantages the computer media have brought. that is. equality freedom. human rights. harmony. pro-environmental value. can be maximized by positively accepting an ecological world view of Sijo which had included daily lives and spirits of the nation. Moreover. these all changes of new Sijo have to be established and recreated in the traditional expressions of Sijo. Aesthetic value of Sijo should be found in the expression forms such as phonetic harmony, rules of versification, rhythm, and etc. Then, we can overcome modern society's pathological phenomena such as severance, separation, dissolution, estrangement, psychiatric syndrome and etc. which visual media superiority brought. At the same time. it will cure ills of modern poems, Sijo and writing epochally and can establish true happiness and development.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.521-529
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• 2016

This paper presents the historical development process and expressive style of motion graphics which are intended to artistic expression, and discusses the value of artistic expressions in motion graphics through the works and activities of F5 and Semi-Permanent which are the representative organization of that. Commercial use of digital motion graphics has been rapidly widespread and used in most of the picture contents by changes in the digital video production environment with the development of the computer. Motion graphics begins with a graphic design applied to the motion graphic content and is transferred from the abstract representation of the animation at the same time. Since then motion graphics have been developed as an independent genre on the basis of graphic design and animation, and take the important position for the understanding and development of the contemporary design and content industry. Moreover, the motion graphics which present the experiment of various techniques and the aspect of mixed genres contribute to the development and diversification of the visual image. This paper is covered on not only F5 and Semi-Permanent that have published experimental artistic motion graphics but also the analysis of the developed ways and expressive patters to produce experimental motion graphics of their works. Furthermore, it discusses the experimental artistic value of these works.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.84-95
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• 2010

This study is an introductory survey of the labyrinth/maze in gardens. The term 'garden labyrinth' may seem an oxymoron given that the garden represents the terrestrial paradise, while the labyrinth is a symbol of the most chaotic face of the world. In etymological and ontological terms, however, gardens are enclosed places and this characteristic corresponds to the character of the labyrinth, which is the one of the oldest signs in human civilization, symbolizing the paths of human life filled with uncertainty and complexity. The garden labyrinth has developed in various forms and shapes since the Renaissance period. Literature and paintings contributed to the dissemination of the concepts of the garden labyrinth, especially in the form of the 'garden of love'. While the labyrinths in ancient and medieval times focused on plane shapes and symbolic and/or spiritual meanings, later garden labyrinths emphasized the three dimensional form and synesthetic pleasures. New patterns, which deviated from the classical unicursal form, emerged in the Petit Parc at Versailles in the 17th century. The garden labyrinth/maze was easy to adopt in formal gardens because of its geometric form, but for that reason, it went on to decline during the fad of picturesque garden. In this study, a brief history of labyrinths, the patterns, forms, and arrangement of the garden labyrinths in the formal gardens of the Renaissance and Baroque periods and its meanings are reviewed.