• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2010

The pitch alteration technique for voice conversion is classified in time domain, frequency domain and hybrid domain. The Hybrid domain method has a merit of clearness and natural-ness of pitch altered speech but has the major drawback of long processing time. In this paper, we proposed a new method that can reduce the processing time of pitch alteration in time-frequency hybrid domain. We omitted the bit-reversing process of FFT and IFFT in changing the processing domain. Therefore we can reduce the processing time by 86.26% to the conventional method with same quality.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.53-63
• /
• 2008

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), direct decendant of Korea National Astronomy Observatory, has been publishing Korean Astronomical Almanac since in 1976. The almanac contains essential data in our daily lives such as the times of sunrise, sunset, moonrise, and moonset, conversion tables between luni-solar and solar calendars, and so forth. So, we are planning to register Korean astronomical almanac data for national Standard Reference Data(SRD), which is a scientific/technical data whose the reliablity and the accuracy are authorized by scientific analysis and evalution. To be certificated as national SRD, reference data has to satisfy several criteria such as traceability, consistency, uncertainty, and so on. Based on similarity among calculation processes, we classified astronomical almanac data into three groups: Class I, II, and III. We are planning to register them for national SRD in consecutive order. In this study, we analyzed Class I data which is aimed to register in 2009, and presented the results. Firstly, we found that the traceability and the consistency can be ensured by the usage of NASA/JPL DE405 ephemeris and by the comparsion with international data, respectively. To evaluate uncertainty in Class I data, we solved the mathematical model and determined the factors influencing the calculations. As a result, we found that the atmospheric refraction is the main factor and leads to a variation of ${\pm}16$ seconds in the times of sunrise and sunset. We also briefly review the histories of astronomical almanac data and of standard reference data in Korea.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.195-199
• /
• 1983

A microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies to bovine leukemia virus(BLV) is described and compared its sensitivity with that of the agar gel immunodiffusion test (ID) with BLV glycoprotein (gp) antigen using 263 sera collected in Korea and Japan. There was 98.5 per cent agreement between ELISA and ID when ELISA value, the value of tested serum(T) was devided with that of standard negative seurm(N) after the value of control was eliminated from T and N (T-C/N-C), of 1.5 or greater was considered positive. One hundred and forty four (99.6%) of 145 sera which were positive by ID were greater than 1.5 by ELISA, and 115 (97.5%) of 118 sera which were negative by ID were less than 1.5 by ELISA. As a result, it suggest that the ELISA test using BLV-gp antigen provides a useful serological tool for the diagnosis of BLV infection.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 1988

Auxotrophic mutants were obtained by UV-irradiation to mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum. Induction rate of auxotrophs was 5.78%. Interspecific fusion products of protoplasts were obtained by polyethylene glycol induced fusion of protoplasts from auxotrophic mutants of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma applanatum. Fusion products were selected by means of the comparison with the mycelial growth rate and colony morphology. Fusion products were confirmed by mycelial morphology and esterase isozyme pattern. Some segregants were observed and fusion product produced fruit bodies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.550-563
• /
• 1999

A wavelet-Galerkin scheme based on the time-dependent Maxwell's equations is presented. Daubechies wavelet with two vanishing wavelet moments is expanded for basis function in spatial domain and Yee's leap-frog approach is applied. The shifted interpolation property of Daubechies wavelet family leads to the simplified formulations for inhomogeneous media without the additional matrices for the integral or material operator. The stability condition is formulated. The dispersion characteristics are analyzed and compared with those of finite difference time domain and multiresolution time domain methods. The analyses show the excellent trade-off between the regularity and the support width of the basis function. Although the basis function has only two vanishing wavelet moments, it is enough to provide negligible dispersive error in the numerical analysis and its compact support enables only several involved terms per nodes. The storage effectiveness, execution time reduction and accuracy of this scheme are demonstrated by calculating the resonant frequencies of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous cavities.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.49-65
• /
• 2019

We investigate the provenance and the changes in the timekeeping system focusing on official records such as almanacs and textbooks published by the government after the solar calendar was introduced. We found that the solar calendar and the 12-hour clock time first appeared in 1884 during Joseon dynasty, at that time the solar calendar was used at the open port in Busan to facilitate the exchanges with Japan. The 12-hour clock time first appeared in the 『Hansung Sunbo』 published by the government in 1884. We also found that the Joseon dynasty also used 12 diǎnzhōng or 12 diǎn. In addition, the term of the 'Sigan' first appeared in the first official academic textbook in August 1895, and the chapter related to time contained the information about 12-hour clock time instead of the 12 Shi. In 1908, the meaning of the solar time, the equation of time, and the differences in longitude with the adoption of Korean Standard Time were introduced. Meanwhile, the 24-hour clock time was first introduced in Joseon and applied to railway times in 1907. The 1946 almanac, the first issue after liberation, used the 12-hour clock time which uses 'Sango', 'Hao' and the 24-hour clock time started to be used from the following year and is still used to this day. Finally, the 12-hour clock time, which was introduced around 1884, was enacted as Article 44 of the law in 1900 and was revised again in 1905 and 1908. In Korea, the terms related to the time in the current astronomical calendar system were newly defined around 1884, 1896, and 1908, and gradually standardized through the establishment of laws.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 2000

Coxiella burnetii (C burnetii) is the causative agent of Q fever in animal and human. The distribution of the disease has been documented around world. In this study we developed the competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(cELISA) and compared it with indirect immunofluorescent assay(IFA). A monoclonal antibody(Mab) against C burnetii and a peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgM were used as an indicator system competing against antibody in animal serum or as an indicater of the absence of antibody. Sera were considered antibody positive when the percentage inhibition index(PI index) is upper than 30. PI index is calculated as 100-[sample OD/Mab OD)${\times}100$]. Among 162 bovine serum samples, 23 samples were antibody positive both in cELISA and IFA. And 156 samples showed same results. From goat with experimentally induced infection with C burnetii the antibody was detected 20 days early in cELISA compared to IFA. On the basis of present findings, it was demonstrated that cELISA is a reliable diagnostic method for The detection of specific antibodies against C burnetii infection.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2008

아미카신은 그람음성균 감염에 사용하는 아미노글리코사이드계 항생제로 이독성 및 신독성 등의 부작용과 큰 개인차로 혈중농도 모니터를 통한 투여계획이 필요한 약물이다. 본 연구에서는 16명의 위암환자에서 비선형최소자승 회귀분석과 베이시안 분석에 의한 아미카신의 약물동태에 분석오차의 영향을 연구하였다. 약물투여는 아미카신 7.5 mg/kg을 30분에 걸쳐 12시간 간격으로 등속 주입하였으며, 혈액 채취는 정상상태에 도달되었다고 판단되는 첫 약물투여 72시간 후에, 약물 주입 5분전과 주입이 끝난 뒤 30분과 2시간에서 세차례 채취하였다. 혈청중 약물농도는 형광편광면역법으로 측정하였다. 분석오차를 위해 0, 5, 15, 30, 60 및 $80\;{\mu}g/ml$에 해당하는 아미카신 혈중농도(C)을 네차례 측정하여 각 혈중농도의 표준편차 (SD)을 구하였다 아미카신 분석오차를 위한 다항식이 $SD=0.3017+(0.00538C)+(0.00112C^2)$, $R^2=0.974$이었다 이 식에서 구한 SD 값으로 분석시 가중치를 주었을 때, 비선형최소자승 회귀분석에 의한 아미카신의 약물동태학적 파라메타($V_d$, $K_{el}$, $K_{slpoe}$, $t_{1/2}$)에 유의성있는 영향을 주었으나, 베이시안 분석에 의한 아미카신의 약물동태학적 파라메타에는 영향이 없었다. 이 다항식에 의한 분석오차를 비선형최소자승 회귀분석에 의한 아미카신 약물동태학적 파라메타 분석시 적절히 사용하면 안전하고 효율적인 투여계획을 할 수 있다.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.219-227
• /
• 2007

In this paper, we analyze the scientific inquiries type on Almanac and Historical Astronomy asked through the Q&A service in Korea Astronomy and Science Institute(KASI) webpage with the aid of scientific inquiries analysis methods. We also study the contents of the questions. Specifically, we have created statistics of questions and inquiries, and have developed categories to analyze the characteristics of questions with regard to their cognitive aspects. Each question is categorized as either of the two elements based on their recognitive aspect: science knowledge or science study. Each element also has sub-categories that help the reader understand the characteristics of the questions. For the analysis, we used the sample consisting of questions collected from April, 2005 to June, 2007. Through this study, we achieved a better understanding of the questions in the area of Almanac and Historical Astronomy asked in the Q&A service. Throughout this study, we find that the need of questions in the area of Almanac and Historical Astronomy are increasing with time, and the overall quality of the questions is getting improved. As we expect that the number of people using our Q&A service will increase and that the questions will get more difficult to answer, development of improved contents is required.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.87-87
• /
• 2014

조선 전기 세종(世宗, 1418-1450)에 의해 천체관측기기와 천문역법을 개발하는 사업이 있었다. 이 때 조선의 천문대인 간의대가 건설되었고, 더불어 소간의, 일성정시의, 현주일구, 천평일구, 정남일구, 앙부일구 등 다수의 소형화된 천문의기가 개발되었다. 이보다 앞서 중국 원(元)왕조의 최신 관측기기였던 간의, 규표, 혼천의, 혼상 등을 제작하였는데, 이 과정에서 습득한 기술적 경험을 바탕으로 소형화된 천문의기 새롭게 발전시킨 것으로 보인다. 당시 천문의기를 구성하는 것에는 천구의 도수를 눈금으로 새긴 원형의 환(環)이나 구형의 혼(渾)이 있었다. 조선에서는 시헌력을 도입하기 전까지 천구의 도수(주천도수)를 365.25 등분하였고, 하루 12시진을 백각으로 나누었으며, 이를 각각 주천도분환과 백각환에 눈금을 새기었다. 당시에는 환의 둘레에 주천도수와 백각을 새기는 기술적인 어려움이 있었다. 이러한 제작 상의 문제를 해결하는 방법으로, 본 연구에서는 도수나 시각의 각거리를 일정한 길이의 단위로 설정하여 원주를 등분하였을 것으로 가정하였다. 즉 조선의 소형화된 천문의기는 주천도의 1도나 백각의 1각을 일정한 길이의 단위인 푼이나 치의 정수배로 하여 환의 둘레에 주천도수와 백각의 눈금을 새겼을 것으로 추정하였다. 만일 주천도의 1도 각거리를 1푼으로, 백각의 1각 각거리를 1푼으로 하는 표준 변환을 적용하면, 각각 환의 지름이 1.16치, 0.32치가 된다. 이러한 방법이 현존하는 일성정시의나 소간의의 세 종류의 환과 현주일구의 백각환의 특성과 잘 일치함을 보이고 있다. 이 연구의 결과는 향후 소형화된 천문의기의 구조적인 재원을 연구할 때나 출처가 불분명한 의기의 크기를 이해하는데 주요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.