Enactment of the Fundamental Act on Cooperatives and Its Implications for Rural Development Policy (협동조합기본법 제정 및 시행의 시사점과 농촌 정책의 과제)
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- Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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- v.20 no.1
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- pp.1-39
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- 2013
The Cooperatives Act was enacted. This enabled people to establish easily cooperatives at various fields. A cooperative is an important vehicle for rural community development. Therefore, the enactment of the Cooperatives Act can be a significant chance for rural policy. The Cooperatives Act have made three significant changes. First, cooperatives can start businesses at all the fields except for financial and insurance business. Second, requisites for people to establish cooperatives have been alleviated exceptionaly. Third, the Cooperatives Act introduced a new cooperative organization, social cooperative which aims to serve the socially excluded class. The self-help approach places rural community members at the core of a development process with two goals: to improve the quality of life within the community and to facilitate the community's capacity building. Community cooperatives contribute to accomplish those goals. One of the roles for cooperatives is to provide products and services at competitive prices. Providing a good or service at a competitive price bcomes increasingly important in some rural communities declines. Cooperative development processes have bic impacts on the ablility of community members to increase human asset and social capital. We conducted a survey targeting rural community businesses to grasp inclinations toward establishing cooperatives. The Cooperatives Act has gained low level of recognition. But so many community businesses wanted to establish cooperatives. This means there is a possibility for many community businesses to establish cooperatives without sufficient understanding. We suggested some policy issues for coping with this situation, as followings. First, the governments should provides rural community residents with opportunities to learn about cooperatives. Second, the current legal systems and regulations about business and social service should be reviewed to do away with the possible discrimination between the new cooperatives and the other forms of incoporation. Third, the cooperation of cooperatives should be encouraged and facilitated in rural communities.
This paper aims at shaping remote observatory system environment for schools, developing astronomical observation program using that system and applying it to science-gifted elementary students in order to figure out effects on their scientific investigation ability and attitude. in order to figure out effects of astronomical observation program using remote observatory program on scientific investigation ability and attitude of science-gifted elementary students, test was conducted on gifted students class of 5th grade in A Elementary School(15) and those of 5th grade in B Elementary School(20). The summary of this paper's results are as follows. First, in order to compose remote observatory system, an astronomical telescope available for remote control to transfer actual observed images in real-time was manufactured. Second, learning program for using remote observatory system wad developed by selecting contents through analysis of the curriculum. Third, in order to figure out effects of astronomical observation program using remote observatory program on scientific investigation ability and attitude of science-gifted elementary students. As a result, both of basic investigation ability and integrated investigation abilit, sub-elements of scientific investigation ability, showed significant differences and scientific investigation ability combining basic and integrated investigation abilities showed significant differences as well. Effects of astronomical observation program applying remote observatory also showed significant differences and its sub-elements, openness, collaboration, patience and creativeness did not show significant differences while curiosity, critics and volunteering showed significant differences.
Purpose: This study reviewed the innovative educational strategies that have been implemented successfully in US baccalaureate nursing education programs to facilitate appropriate attitudes about caring for older adults. Methods: The data were collected through a search of PubMed and CINAHL using the key words, gerontological or geriatric, attitudes about aging or older people, baccalaureate or undergraduate nursing education or curriculum. Results: The successful strategies are categorized as follows: 1) a multidisciplinary approach integrating aging issues and gerontological contents into diverse nursing courses, 2) active participation of community-dwelling healthy older individuals as an educational mentor, 3) use of audiovisual materials to investigate the misconceptions and attitudes about aging, and 4) discussion through critical thinking and self-reflection toward aging. Implications: For the interdisciplinary approach within nursing courses, it is essential to derive the key contents for gerontological nursing applicable to integration into diverse nursing courses. In addition, it is necessary to provide administrative support for implementing innovative strategies and constructing consistent partnerships with the community for active participation of the elderly as a mentor. Lastly, recognizing the significance of educational strategies for enhancing desirable attitudes toward gerontological nursing and supporting the development of educational capability of a faculty are key issues.
This research investigated the Revised mathematics curriculum and the National Achievement Test of Japan that advanced by leaps and bounds in PISA 2012. As compared with Korea, Japan shows similar trends in the affective domain and the cognitive domain of international achievement test. To put it concretely, this research compared and analyzed the mathematics contents domain of the 2009 revised mathematics curriculum of Korea and the 2008 revised mathematics curriculum of Japan being applied. The analysis was conducted in many aspects including overall of Japanese mathematics education system, the contents to be covered in each grade, and the methods of essential learning themes. We compared the mathematics contents dealt with each country based on the framework of analysis such as