• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1013-1022
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• 2008

As in our $20^{th}$ century, the dramatic advance of the science and medical technologies has led the advance of living standards. Even though the elderly people are increasing, the underwear for elderly women is not so various. As getting older, women's body shape is changing. But the most of underwear in the market are designed for the twenties whose body shape and proportion is generally stable. Besides, as the color and material of underwear are designed for young women, the elderly women have a poor choice of the underwear. The results of this study are listed in the following: (a) analyzing the current status of the underwear market for elderly women (b) searching what elderly take inconvenience in underwear, and (c) wearing test for search what elderly take inconvenience in brassier.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.558-564
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the design characteristics of women's swimwear from 1955 to 1969 in Korea using documentary research sources. Both visual and linguistic elements found in the illustrations and advertisements that appeared in periodicals from 1955 to 1969 were used as primary sources. The primary sources were 아리랑, 여상, 여성계, 여성동아, 여원, 주부생활. The methods of content analysis and frequency seriation were combined to analyze the data obtained from the primary sources. Seriational analysis of the data were performed by ordering the frequency chronologically for the entire fifteen-year period. As the result of the study, it was found that the design of the swimwear during this period changed consistently in terms of swimwear type, shape of thigh line, textile design and decorative details. The degree of skin exposure was also continuously increased in different body parts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.364-375
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the men＇s fashion with the representation of Feminization which has appeared on our specialized fashion magazine from 1990 though 2003. Firstly, the factor which exposed the representation of Feminization in men＇s fashion were the change of conventional sex role, the change of ideal beauty, the variety of information, the pursuit of personality and the polycentrism of thought. Secondly, the formative characteristics of Feminization in men＇s fashion represented fitted silhouettes which distinctively show the body line, elastic fabric and see-through fabric of androgynous image, accessory and wave hair which expressed in gentle image. In colors, it represented vivid tone, pastel tone, red colors and yellow colors. Fitted silhouttes and elastic fabric has a effect of minimalism of the last 1990＇s fashion, and wave hair of gentle image has a effect of change of ideal beauty since 2000. Therefore, elements of representation of Feminization in men＇s fashion were silhoutte, fabric, color, accessory, hairstyle and the representation of feminity in men＇s fashion has referance to fashion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2000

This study was carried out on 91 obese women who satisfied both of the conditions for obesity: over 1.6 in Rohrer index and over 90cm in bust girth. The purpose of this study was to analyze and classify the lower body of obese women and find out their respective characteristics. Twenty seven measurement items(21 direct measurement items and 6 indirect measurement items) were used for factor-analysis and cluster-analysis. In the study of lower body type, 7 factors were as a result of factor analysis and those factors were comprise 75.9% of total variance. Lower bodyshape were classified 3 types according to the cluster analysis. Type 1 was protrude of the hip, type 2 was short leg and protrude of the abdominal region and type 3 was obese of hip and long leg.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1186-1195
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to study the body cathexis according to the age and the degree of obesity of elderly women. The subjects were 342 elderly women aged 60 to 92. Body measurement and survey were taken from July to August 2001. The results are follows; 1) The subjects showed a tendency to be satisfied with their bodies. But they were relatively unsatisfied with the girth of torso parts. 2) The body cathexis was more influenced by the perceived body size than the actual body size. 3) There were significant differences among the age groups in the body cathexis. The 60∼69 age group was more dissatisfied with their bodies than the other age groups. 4) There were significant differences among groups according to Rohrer Index in the body cathexis. The normal group was more satisfied with their bodies than the lean and the obese groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.703-714
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• 2002

This paper proposed the basic consideration for the reliable 3-D measurement and analysis of middle-aged women's breast using 3-D phase-shifting moire topography. The surface borderline of the breast based on the anatomical structure on the skin was suggested. Various breast dimensions that can be measured using 3-D measurement system and their measuring methods were discussed. Tips for the measurement of sagged breast were also proposed. It is expected that these basic considerations contribute to draw attention to the reliable measurement of women's breast and provide a kind of tools for the standardization of 3-D shape measurement of breast.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.3 s.162
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• pp.398-409
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• 2007

Today women's social participation is highly increasing, and especially the middle-aged women's activity is amazing. However, many ladies have trouble in wearing suits or jackets. Because the current ready-made apparels focus on young and slender women, and accordingly the current size system is made for them. So it is necessary to develop new size system for general ladies who are hardly well-proportioned figures. The survey of mid-life ladies in this Paper vividly reveals the above Problem. Many ladies dissatisfied with the fitness of the existing apparels. Therefore updating the current size system of ladies' apparels is badly needed. It also helps reducing corporates' stock-holding costs and customer's clothes-adjusting expenses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.12 s.159
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• pp.1672-1682
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• 2006

Attitudes about the ideal body are influenced by media, including fashion magazine advertisements. The purpose of our study was to analyze the ideal body image for males and females in contemporary society. We analyzed the contemporary ideal gender image through the examination of physical characteristics(body type, age), and fashion styles(hair, make up, supplements, clothing styles, body exposure) in fashion advertisements published in Gentlemen's Quarterly(GQ) and Vogue issued during 2002. The results indicate some blurring in masculinity and femininity resulting in gender neutralization and naturalness pursuing natural appearances. But, some previous beauty norms related to masculinity and femininity remained.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.831-842
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze body types of Chinese women and provide concrete information on it by classifying them into several representative groups. As for the method of this study, statistical analysis is made of 79 items. This is done from July 18 to Aug 07, 2002, 525 female subjects from age 20 to 49 participated in this study. They all live in Beijing and Shanghai in China. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Means, standard deviations, the maximum and minimum of 19 items are extracted. The height and girth item have a high standard deviations. 2. 8 factors are extracted by using factor analysis. Factor 1: body obesity, Factor 2: vertical body size, Factor 3: upper body length Factor 4: size of ankles, Factor 5: angle of shoulders, Factor 6: length of hip Factor 7: size of shoulder, Factor 8: shape of chest 3. The body types of Chinese women are classified into 5 sub groups from the result of the Cluster analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1361-1371
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• 2004

This was a follow-up study to the 'Study on the Body Types of Chinese Adult Women I,' which looked into the body types and classified them into representative body type groups, with the subjects of the women residing in Beijing and Shanghai, and it intends to compare the features of the body types by the residential area of each age range. The results were as follows: 1. The measurements physical items of the women residing in Beijing and Shanghai were compared by the age range, and differences were found in all age ranges. In particular, as the age ranges got higher, the differences in the physical measurements were significant. 2. The comparison of the factor score for the women residing in Beijing and Shanghai by the age range indicated the differences in all the age ranges, and the differences were larger as the age got higher. 3. The comparison of the type distribution for the women residing in Beijing and Shanghai by the age range indicated the differences in their 30's and 40's, while any differences in the type distribution were not found in their 20's.