• Information Systems Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-29
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• 2016

The radical changes in the business environment have motivated firms to exert serious efforts in managing sustainable development. This study identified the effects of sustainable development on the perceived performance of firms from the viewpoint of the balanced scorecard. Independent variables include economic efforts (of efficiency and ethic of accounting and fairness), environmental efforts (management and energy control), and social efforts (consumer protection and contribution for local community). The result from the analysis of data collected in this research suggests that sustainable development efforts are the critical sources of the incorporated performance of firms. The consumer protection efforts of the local community determine the competitiveness of a firm in managing social responsibility and creating value and social activities. Efforts to reconsider efficiency determine the competitiveness of a firm, becoming the critical factors that determine sustainable performance. Energy control facilitates value creation for the environment through cooperation and harmonization with nature, resulting in sustainable business performances through the vitalization of practical establishments and operations. Sustainable management needs to meet international standards, cooperation, and harmony. These standards are based on the economic, environmental, and social efforts that enable firms to adopt sustainable management efforts that are suitable for their own systems.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.591-642
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• 2006

This paper intends to analyze economic impacts of commitment period and initial allocation in emissions trading using computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The fully dynamic CGE model with perfect foresight assumption is employed to illustrate (i) how a model displays economic impact of $CO_2$ regulation upon different commitment periods: one-year budget clearing vs. 5-year commitment period, (ii) how major 8 energy-intensive industries respond to different ways to allocate initial allowances. According to the results of the analysis, it IS found that market players are motivated to bank the permits and tend to sell permits in earlier stage and to buy permits in later stage of commitment period. This implies that banking allows permit trading within a commitment period, which supports the conclusions of Kling and Rubin (1997). Other findings are related to efficiency. That is, emissions trading surpasses command and control, in terms of economic efficiency and longer terms of commitment period converge on lower permit price, In long term, initial allocation based on value-added performs the lowest GDP loss among different initial allocations.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2001

최근 적절한 사양관리를 위해서 유중 요소태질소 수준(MUN)과 유단백을 이용하여 사료 내 에너지와 단백질의 균형을 평가하는 지표로 활용하고 있으며 요소태질소 수준이 정상보다 크게 높거나 낮았을 때 번식능력이 저하되기 때문에 번식효율의 지표로서 활용되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우유내 요소태질소 수준이 번식장애에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 요소태질소 수준을 번식장애의 진단지표로 활용하고자 실시하였다. 본 실험에 공시된 우유시료는 경기도 안성시와 이천시에 소재한 낙농목장에서 사육중인 조사두수를 대상으로 개체당 약 30~50$m\ell$의 우유를 채유하고 냉장보관하여 실험실로 운반하였다. 우유의 분석은 유성분분석기(Fosscomb : 4000, Fossmatic 5000, Denmark)를 이용하여 우유의 일반성분인 유지방, 유당, 유단백, 무지고형분, 총고형분, 빙점, 유중요소태질소, 구연산과 체세포를 동시에 분석하였다. 번식장애우의 진단은 낙농가가 번식장애우로 분류한 개체를 대상으로 직장검사 및 초음파 진단기를 이용하여 진단하였다. MUN준에 따른 공태일수의 조사 결과 MUN수준이 7이하 군의 공태일수가 88.98$\pm$120.68로 7-16의 92.20$\pm$105.39와 16이상의 94.42$\pm$87.51보다 다소 낮은 결과를 나타냈다. 또한 번식장애우의 발생빈도와 유성분 분석결과를 살펴보면 낙농가가 번식장애우로 분류한 68두를 진단한 결과 발정발견을 하지 못하여 번식장애우로 분류된 두수가 30두(44.1%)와 비정상두수 38두(55.9%)로 나타났으며 비정상 두수 중 난포난종이 19두(27.9%)로 영구항체6두(8.8%), 자궁내막염(10.3%), 자궁축농증 6두(8.8%)보다 많은 것으로 나타났다. 번식장애우의 유성분 분석결과 자궁축농증이 있는 개체의 유단백 평균이 3.43$\pm$0.35로 다른군에 비해 높았으며 영구항체가 있는 개체군의 MUN수준이 7.73$\pm$8.58로 다른군의 10.84$\pm$4.92, 10.89$\pm$7.38와 10.61$\pm$5.52에 비해 낮게 나타났다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.601-614
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• 2012

This paper is aimed to analyze the determinants and their relative importance that affect regional competitiveness in the era of globalization and climate change. The panel model was set by a balanced panel data for 7 metropolitan areas & 9 provinces and for the period of 2001~2010. Gross regional income per capita is used as the dependent variable and competitiveness-based factors, economic production factors, and climate change adaptation factors are selected as the explanatory variables. In this study, Model 1(typical regional competitiveness model) and Model 2 (added adaptation to climate change adaptation factors) were compared. The important findings can be summarized as follows. The most influential determinants on regional competitiveness are the ratio of knowledge-based industries and human capital and energy inefficiencies decrease the regional competitiveness. Compared to Model 1, Model 2 showed that the effects of the regional openness and the technology innovation capital are relatively more influential in Model 2. The results of this empirical study provide policy implications to strengthen the regional competitiveness in the future of the era of globalization and climate change.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.3B
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• pp.233-242
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• 2010

SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) developed by Bastiaanssen (1995) is an image-processing model comprisedof twenty-five sub models that calculates spatial evapotranspiration (ET) and other energy exchanges at the surface. SEBAL uses image data from Landsat or other satellites measuring thermal infrared radiation, visible and near infrared. In this study, the model was applied to Gyeongancheon watershed, the main tributary of Han river Basin. ET was computed on apixel-by-pixel basis from an energy balance using 4 years (2001-2004) Landsat and MODIS images. The scale effect between Landsat (30 m) and MODIS (1 km) was evaluated. The results both from Landsat and MODIS were compared with FAO Penman-Monteith ET. The absolute errors between satellite ETs and Penman-Monteith ET were within 12%. The spatial and temporal characteristics of ET distribution within the watershed were also analyzed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.283-287
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• 2014

This experiment was conducted to determine methane production and emission factors for a range of roughage diets fed to Hanwoo cows at a level of maintenance energy requirement. Seven cows were fed mixed hay only, 12 cows were fed mixed hay containing 30~50% rice straw and 6 cows were fed a mixed hay diet supplemented with 1.0 kg of wheat bran. Each cow was placed in a metabolic crate for 10 consecutive days, including last 7 days for sampling of feces and urine. At the end of the sampling period, the cows were transferred to an open-circuit respiration chamber for 24 consecutive hours. Methane conversion rate (5.5~6.2%, mean value = 5.8%) and emission factor (33.6~38.6 kg/head/year, mean value = 35.2) were not significantly affected by the diets although the mixed hay only diet resulted in 11 and 15% higher respective rates than the other two. However, in light of the many assumptions that forage with good quality might reduce methane production, additional experiments should be required for participation in the greenhouse gas emission trading system.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.195-246
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• 1997

우리나라에서 전기요금은 공공요금으로서 정부의 정책의지에 의하여 크게 영향을 받아왔다. 또한 전기요금수준 조정시 규제당국의 주된 관심은 요금인상이 국민경제에 미치는 영향, 특히 물가 및 무역수지에 미치는 영향에 있었다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 상황에서 전기요금변동의 국민경제적 영향에 대한 신뢰할 수 있는 분석결과는 올바른 정책수립에 필수적이라고 할 수 있다. 본고는 계산가능한 일반균형모형(Computable General Equilibrium model)을 이용하여 1993년도의 산업연관표를 토대로 전기요금의 인상이 물가, 수출입 등 거시변수에 미치는 효과 및 산업부문별 효과를 살펴본 것이다. 전기요금인상이 물가에 미치는 영향은 간단히 '전기요금인상률${\times}$물가가중치'라는 공식으로 계산해볼 수 있다. 이에 따르면 전기의 소비자물가 가중치가 14/1,000이므로 전기요금인상률이 4%일 때 소비자물가상승률은 약 0.056%가 된다. 그러나 전기가 타산업의 중간투입물로 사용되므로 전기요금인상은 타산업 산출물의 가격상승을 유발하고 다시 투입-산출관계에 의하여 추가적인 물가상승을 불러일으키게 된다. 이러한 일반균형적 효과를 모두 고려하여, 본 연구에서 계산한 소비자물가상승률은 0.083%로서 위 수치의 약 1.5배이다. 또한 본고에서는 전기요금인상에 따라 수출과 수입 모두 감소하되, 수출감소율이 수입감소율보다 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 전기요금인상에 따라 전기수요가 감소하여 에너지수입이 감소하고, 그로 인해 무역수지가 개선되리라는 일부의 주장과는 매우 대조적이다. 산업별로는 전기요금인상에 따라 서비스업의 가격상승이 두드러지는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 서비스업부문의 국내재와 수입재간의 대체가능성이 타부문에 비하여 크게 낮은 데 기인한 것으로 보인다. 본고의 결과를 전기요금이 인상되어서는 안 된다고 해석하는 것은 오류일 수 있다. 전기요금인상의 타당성은 전력산업에 대한 종합적인 미시적 분석에 기초하여야 한다.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.573-593
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• 2012

The paper examined the relationship between total and sector level electricity consumptions and economic growth in Korea for the period of 1980-2009. The results of unit-roots and cointegration tests show that all variables-real GDP, total, primary, manufacture, and service sector electricity consumptions-were not stationary and there were no linear combinations in the long run between electricity consumptions and economic growth. Thus, by using standard Granger-causality test we found that total, primary, and manufacture sector electricity consumptions were Granger-caused by economic growth, not vice versa. This means that causality runs from economic growth to each electricity consumption. However, there is no causal relationship between service sector electricity consumption and economic growth. These results imply that the government policies aimed at reducing electricity consumptions and increasing energy efficiency etc. can be feasible without deterring economic growth in Korea.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.371-416
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• 2012

This study has developed Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model reflecting endogenous growth economic theory, with the aim of analyzing double dividend hypothesis. This study analyzes possibility of economic growth and environmental improvement at the same time when government recycles the revenue of carbon tax to reduce existed taxes such as consumption tax, labor income tax, corporate tax. It also assesses the case of subsidy on R&D investment of renewable energy. With new and renewable generation technology adopted and disseminated, GDP loss would be lessened to a great degree. Tax recycling would provide economic gain by reducing distortion existed in the existing fiscal structure. The magnitude of economic gains from carbon tax recycling is biggest for recycling into corporate tax, and labor income tax, and then consumption tax in this order. It is also shown that double dividend effects occur in dynamic terms when government uses a carbon tax revenue to subsidize on R&D investment. At the end of the analysis period, emissions reduction would not result in GDP loss but in GDP gain. In particular, recycling into R&D increase would produce the largest and fastest GDP gain. Thus, implementing emissions reduction target would require careful consideration of economic effects by various policy instrument, including carbon tax.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-52
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• 2013

The recent analyses of carbon emissions embodied in international trade are related with discussions on who is responsible for the carbon emissions causing global warming. Some authors insist that the countries importing carbon-intensive goods should share the responsibility with the suppliers of those goods. In order to determine which countries are net importers of carbon dioxide embodied in traded goods, we need to construct the multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model incorporating national input-output tables and data on bilateral trades. The paper calculates consumption-based as well as production-based inventories by using MRIO model whose global database is GTAP version 8 to get the picture of carbon footprints in international trades of Korea and other regions in the world.