• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2010

This dissertation is considered a historic generation that Chinese film $6^{th}$ director remembers through their life. Also it is figured out historic anguish and hurt how it was remembered and appeared in film. They have made actual films through their efforts which are different from the conventional generation. In addition, between memory and oblivion the time's signification in the history is showed how what way can be represented. It was presented the time's anguish through memory's metaphor in Chinese film $6^{th}$ works. Also, it was shown the existence's reality from dream was losing as memory was hiding between desire and despair. Additionally, the self of daily was expressed to unconcernedly accept reality, and its against the unchangeable world's eye and memory. The $6^{th}'s$ films' desire was expressed passive appearance to accept reality with losing dream in these three things; cannot be reality in the process to figure out own natural character, and appearance to keep traditional character, finally gradually changing reality. When $6^{th}$ directors analysis the history as memory, social repression follows family's repression, family's repression brings personal repression, and then repression changes to desire, finally the life as a reaction could be maintained. In conclusion, personal desire was covered for fantasy, and the overcoming figure was represented. Moreover, Chinese face that $6^{th}$ directors have memorized was presented through these sentiments.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.435-443
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the design identity visual elements of optical shop brand$\underline{s}$ in order to provide objective data necessary for optical shop brands' design development. Methods: This study examined the design identity concept of the optical shop brands and analyzed visual elements of brand design identity with a focus on the symbols of domestic franchise optical shops, type of a symbol mark, representation style of logo type, color usage, use or non-use of character, etc. Results: Many symbols were directly associated with the eyeglasses, such as eyeglasses and eyes, face and iris. Along with that, letters or figures were also observed. For the type of symbol, most types were found to have the designs that took spherical and word mark shapes. Particularly, the word mark type had English words more often than Korean words. For logo types, the gothic format was dominant. In relation to the thickness of letter, thick boldface type was commonly used. The combination of 2 degrees was the color frequency used most often in the optical shop brand design. For the frequency of color usage, black and red colors were used most often. Particularly, the orange color, as well as the black color, was also often used for the main color of symbols or logo types. Meanwhile, the characters were used only in some optical shop. Most characters were animals and expressed in the cartoon and graphical forms. Conclusions: Typifier, symbol mark, logo type, color, and character are the elements forming the basic development system for brand design identity. Systematic design is needed which clearly ensures the function and role along with the mutual consistency as a important visual component of the optical shop brand.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.727-730
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• 2001

멀티미디어 환경의 급속한 발전에 의해 영상처리 기술은 인간의 인체와 관련하여 얼굴인식, 제스처 인식에 관한 응용과 더불어 스포츠 관련분야로 깊숙히 정착하고 있다. 그러나 입력영상으로부터 움직이고 있는 선수들의 동작을 추출 및 추적하는 일은 컴퓨터비전 연구의 난 문제 중의 하나로 알려져 있다. 이러한 축구경기의 TV 중계에 있어서 하이라이트 장면의 자동추출(자동색인)은 그 경기의 가장 집약적인 표현이며, 축구경기 전체를 한 눈에 파악할 수 있도록 해주는 요약(summary)이자 intensive actions이고 경기의 진수이다. 따라서 축구경기와 같이 비교적 기 시간(대체로 1시간 30분) 동안 다수의 선수(양 팀 합해서 22명)들이 서로 복잡하게 뒤얽히면서 진행하는 경기의 하이라이트 장면을 효과적으로 포착하여 표현해 줄 수 있다면 TV를 통해서 경기를 관람하는 시청자들에게는 경기의 진행상황을 한 눈에 효과적으로 파악할 수 있게 해주어 흥미진진한 경기관람을 할 수 있게 해주고, 경기의 진행자들(감독, 코치, 선수 등)에게는 고차원적이고 과학적인 정보를 효과적으로 제공함으로써 한층 진보된 경기기법을 개발하고 과학적인 경기전략을 세울 수 있게 해준다. 본 논문은 이상과 같이 팀 스포츠(Team Spots)의 일종인 축구경기 하이라이트 장면의 자동색인을 위해 뉴럴네트워크 기법을 이용하여 그룹 포메이션(Group Formation) 중의 공격패턴 자동분류 기법을 개발하고 이를 검증하였다. 본 연구에서는 축구경기장 내의 빈번하게 변화하는 장면들을 자동으로 분할하여 대표 프레임을 선정하고, 대표 프레임 상에서 선수들의 위치정보와 공의 위치정보 등을 기초로 하여 경기 중에 이루어지는 선수들의 그룹 포메이션을 추적하여 그룹행동(group behavior)을 분석하고, 뉴럴네트워크의 BP(Back-Propagation) 알고리즘을 사용하여 축구경기 공격패턴을 자동으로 인식 및 분류함으로써 축구경기 하이라이트 장면의 자동추출을 위한 기반을 마련하였다. 본 연구의 실험에는 '98 프랑스 월드컵 축구경기의 다양한 공격패턴에 대한 비디오 영상에서 각각 좌측공격 60개, 우측공격 74개, 중앙공격 72개, 코너킥 39개, 프리킥 52개의 총 297개의 데이터를 추출하여 사용하였다. 실험과는 좌측공격 91.7%, 우측공격 100%, 중앙공격 87.5%, 코너킥 97.4%, 프리킥 75%로서 매우 양호한 인식율을 보였다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.427-434
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to create a self-portrait that provides an immersive experience that immerses the viewer into the problem of self-awareness. We propose a method to implement an interactive self-portrait by using audio and image information obtained from viewers. The viewer's voice information is converted into text and visualized. In this case, the viewer's face image is used as pixel information composing the text. Text is the result of a mixture of one's own emotions, imaginations, and intentions based on personal experiences and memories. People have different interpretations of certain texts in different ways.The proposed digital self-portrait not only reproduces the viewer's self-consciousness in the inner aspect by utilizing the intertextuality of the text, but also expands the meanings inherent in the text. Intertextuality in a broad sense refers to the totality of all knowledge that occurs between text and text, and between subject and subject. Therefore, the self-portrait expressed in text expands and derives various relationships between the viewer and the text, the viewer and the viewer, and the text and the text. In addition, this study shows that the proposed self-portrait can confirm the formativeness of text and re-create spatial and temporality in the external aspect. This dynamic self-portrait reflects the interests of viewers in real time, and has the characteristic of being updated and created.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1137-1144
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• 2022

In this study, an artificial intelligence(AI) was developed to help with facial expression practice in order to express emotions. The developed AI used multimodal inputs consisting of sentences and facial images for deep neural networks (DNNs). The DNNs calculated similarities between the emotions predicted by the sentences and the emotions predicted by facial images. The user practiced facial expressions based on the situation given by sentences, and the AI provided the user with numerical feedback based on the similarity between the emotion predicted by sentence and the emotion predicted by facial expression. ResNet34 structure was trained on FER2013 public data to predict emotions from facial images. To predict emotions in sentences, KoBERT model was trained in transfer learning manner using the conversational speech dataset for emotion classification opened to the public by AIHub. The DNN that predicts emotions from the facial images demonstrated 65% accuracy, which is comparable to human emotional classification ability. The DNN that predicts emotions from the sentences achieved 90% accuracy. The performance of the developed AI was evaluated through experiments with changing facial expressions in which an ordinary person was participated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.41
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• pp.45-59
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• 2019

The characters that could be connected to diverse cultural contents have formed diverse platforms with the development of digital technology, and the size of the relevant industry and market is rapidly growing. Recently, the utilization of character emoticons for smartphone messenger has been rapidly increased, so that the characters are settled down as a tool for non-verbal communication, on top of drawing attention as an independent area. With the expansion of character market, the importance of design that could give interest and familiarity to consumers is more emphasized. The body proportion of characters includes the implicative and symbolic meanings that could express diverse personalities. Thus, this study examined the body proportion of the characters with the high consumers' preference, and then analyzed the characteristics of formative elements of character design in accordance with the body proportion. In the results of the analysis, the exaggerated form of SD characters in two or three-head figure, and the realistic Real characters in seven or eight-head figure were preferred. For the SD characters, the colors with a high chroma showing the cute and cheerful image were used. For the Real characters, the cubic effect was expressed through the colors with active images and the light and shade of color. Even though the SD characters have limited motions due to the omitted body parts, the facial movements of animation characters are exaggerated while the Real characters describe the realistic and dynamic motions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.99-106
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• 2018

Mucolipidosis type III (pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy) is a mucolipids degrading disorder caused by a mutation in the GNPTAB gene and is inherited by autosomal recessive. It is diagnosed by examining highly concentrated mucolipids in blood and the diagnosis can be confirmed by genetic testing. Mucolipidosis type III is a rare and progressive metabolic disorder. Its initial signs and symptoms usually occur around 3 years of age. Clinical manifestations of the disease include slow growth, joint stiffness, arthralgia, skeletal abnormalities, heart valve abnormalities, recurrent respiratory infection, distinctive facial features, and mild intellectual disability. Here, we are presenting two siblings of mucolipidosis type III, a 4-year-old female and a 2 years and 7 months old male with features of delayed growth and coarse face. The diagnosis was confirmed by [c.2715+1G>A(p.Glu906Leufs*4), c.2544del(p.Glu849Lysfs*22)] mutation in targeted gene panel sequencing. In this case, c.2544del is a heterozygote newly identified mutation in mucolipidosis type III and was not found in the control group including the genome aggregation database. And it is interpreted as a pathogenic variant considering the association with phenotype. Here, we report a Korean mucolipidosis type III patients with novel mutations in GNPTAB gene who have been treated since early childhood. Owing to recent development of molecular genetic techniques, it was possible to make early diagnosis and treatment with pamidronate was initiated appropriately in case 1. In addition to these supportive therapies, efforts must be made to develop fundamental treatment for patients with early diagnosis of mucolipidosis.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.198-221
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• 2009

Royal tombs of Joseon dynasty are the crystallization of history, ideology, culture, art, architecture, and ritual ceremony of Joseon dynasty, all mingled in one. So, they are very significant symbols showing 500 years of dynastic history as a whole. Among various factors comprising a royal tomb, stone figures surrounding grave mound are special factors as a symbol protecting it. Further among them, twelve zodiac images arrayed nearest to the grave mound represent the core of the function. Images of twelve zodiac signs originated from the tombs of the Unified Silla Kingdom are certain to hold important role and position in the construction of royal tombs, judging from huge scale and excellent sculptural art of them. However, both their scale and form had been gradually simplified in Goryeo and Joseon dynasty, thus the importance of them has been underestimated compared to other stone figures Images of twelve zodiac signs were very important factors which decorated royal tombs both as a protective role and as a concept of direction. Their historicity and symbolism cannot be neglected in that they had been transmitted to the royal tombs of Joseon dynasty. In this paper, images of twelve zodiac signs expressed in the royal tombs of Joseon dynasty are classified into 3 forms, and reviewed the origin and development of them for each period. They could be classified into 3 forms ; civil vassals with human body and head, civil vassals with human body and head wearing hat decorated with zodiac animals, Chinese characters of either zodiac signs or either a combination of 10 calendar signs and 8 trigrams. The above 3 forms originated from China and became a favorite motif to decorate the royal tombs from early Joseon period until late Joseon by replacing each other and thus changing along the course of the dynasty. In the meantime, we can see a unique character in the images of twelve zodiac signs of royal tombs of Joseon dynasty. In some cases, 24 directions are expressed in which 10 calender signs and 8 trigrams are composed altogether. Images of twelve zodiac signs in the royal bombs of Joseon dynasty are very significant as evidences by which we can confirm uniqueness and tradition of Korean tomb system transmitted from Unified Silla period.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.62-67
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• 2018

Hunter syndrome, also known as mucopolysaccharidosis Type II (MPS II), is one of the lysosomal storage diseases caused by a lack of the enzyme iduronate 2-sulfatase (I2S). Lack of the I2S enzyme activity leads to accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAG), causing dysfunction of multiple organs and systems. MPS II is an X-linked recessive disease due to mutation of IDS gene located on long arm of the X chromosome (Xq28). To date, more than 350 mutations of IDS gene have been identified in Hunter syndrome. Phenotypes of MPS II are classified as either severe or attenuated depending on the degree of cognitive impairment. Because the phenotype of MPS II is related to the type of mutation, identifying mutations is useful in predicting prognosis. We recently had a case of MPS II diagnosed by exome sequencing in a 7 month old boy with infantile spasm uncontrolled by AED. He was diagnosed with hearing loss at 2 months of age, and he took vigabatrin and prednisolone to control infantile spasms diagnosed at 3 months of age. At 6 months of age, whole exome sequencing was performed to evaluate the infantile spasm and hearing loss in this patient, and the mutation c.851C>T (p.Pro284Leu) inherited from hemizygous mother was revealed. The results of urine Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC) precipitation test, which were negative until 8 months of age, were positive from 9 months of age. We report a case of MPS II diagnosed by exome sequencing and treated through enzyme replacement therapy from 9 months after birth.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.2 s.308
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• pp.19-29
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• 2006

As the security of personal information is becoming more important in mobile phones, we are starting to apply iris recognition technology to these devices. In conventional iris recognition, magnified iris images are required. For that, it has been necessary to use large magnified zoom & focus lens camera to capture images, but due to the requirement about low size and cost of mobile phones, the zoom & focus lens are difficult to be used. However, with rapid developments and multimedia convergence trends in mobile phones, more and more companies have built mega-pixel cameras into their mobile phones. These devices make it possible to capture a magnified iris image without zoom & focus lens. Although facial images are captured far away from the user using a mega-pixel camera, the captured iris region possesses sufficient pixel information for iris recognition. However, in this case, the eye region should be detected for accurate iris recognition in facial images. So, we propose a new fast iris detection method, which is appropriate for mobile phones based on corneal specular reflection. To detect specular reflection robustly, we propose the theoretical background of estimating the size and brightness of specular reflection based on eye, camera and illuminator models. In addition, we use the successive On/Off scheme of the illuminator to detect the optical/motion blurring and sunlight effect on input image. Experimental results show that total processing time(detecting iris region) is on average 65ms on a Samsung SCH-S2300 (with 150MHz ARM 9 CPU) mobile phone. The rate of correct iris detection is 99% (about indoor images) and 98.5% (about outdoor images).