• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.163-175
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• 2003

The research was aimed to find a special quality to the mathematical concept development using a graphing calculator in the collaborative learning. I could observe the process in which the students had formed the generalized and abstract mathematical concepts after they were given different concepts. I \ulcorner-Iso observed the characteristics of how they started with a vague syncretic conglomeration and approached to the complicated thoughts and genuine concepts. The advance of the collection type was achieved in the process of teacher's confirming of what the students had observed with a calculator. The language and the instrument were used in order for students to control the partial process. Also, they were given similar types of problems to make them clear when the students confronted 'the crisis of thoughts' at the level of pseudo-concept.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.5
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• pp.383-390
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• 2007

Interactions between proteins and genes are often considered essential in the description of biomolecular phenomena and networks of interactions are considered as an entre for a Systems Biology approach. Recently, many works try to extract information by analyzing biomolecular text using natural language processing technology. Previous researches insist that linguistic information is useful to improve the performance in detecting gene interactions. However, previous systems do not show reasonable performance because of low recall. To improve recall without sacrificing precision, this paper proposes a new method for detection of gene interactions based on syntactic relations. Without biomolecular knowledge, our method shows reasonable performance using only small size of training data. Using the format of LLL05(ICML05 Workshop on Learning Language in Logic) data we detect the agent gene and its target gene that interact with each other. In the 1st phase, we detect encapsulation types for each agent and target candidate. In the 2nd phase, we construct verb lists that indicate the interaction information between two genes. In the last phase, to detect which of two genes is an agent or a target, we learn direction information. In the experimental results using LLL05 data, our proposed method showed F-measure of 88% for training data, and 70.4% for test data. This performance significantly outperformed previous methods. We also describe the contribution rate of each phase to the performance, and demonstrate that the first phase contributes to the improvement of recall and the second and last phases contribute to the improvement of precision.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2024

Recently, static analysis-based signature and pattern detection technologies have limitations due to the advanced IT technologies. Moreover, It is a compatibility problem of multiple architectures and an inherent problem of signature and pattern detection. Malicious codes use obfuscation and packing techniques to hide their identity, and they also avoid existing static analysis-based signature and pattern detection techniques such as code rearrangement, register modification, and branching statement addition. In this paper, We propose an LLVM IR image-based automated static analysis of malicious code technology using machine learning to solve the problems mentioned above. Whether binary is obfuscated or packed, it's decompiled into LLVM IR, which is an intermediate representation dedicated to static analysis and optimization. "Therefore, the LLVM IR code is converted into an image before being fed to the CNN-based transfer learning algorithm ResNet50v2 supported by Keras". As a result, we present a model for image-based detection of malicious code.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.6
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• pp.1-21
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• 2002

'임시복합명사'는 명사 하나 하나의 의미가 개인의 머릿속에 저장되어 있지만, 이들이 결합해서 생긴 단어가 일반적인 언어사전에 등록되어 있지 않고 문맥에 따라 새로운 의미가 형성되어서 결합된 명사를 의미한다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 사전의 목록에 등록되어 있지 않아서 의미적으로 애매한 복합명사들을 '임시복합명사' ad-hoc Nominal-komposita 라고 지칭하였다. 이때 이러한 '임시복합명사'를 생성하는데 있어서 '임시복합명사'를 구성하는 각 요소들은 새로운 복합명사를 만드는데 필요한 '입력'의 역할을 담당한다. 이 논문에서는 '임시복합명사'를 구성하는데 필요한 일종의 다양한 원칙들을 다루어 보았다. 그러한 원칙들은 순수 언어학적인 논거를 바탕으로 '임시복합명사'를 생산하고 해석해 나가는 과정에 대한 타당성을 입증해 주었다. 그러나 일반적인 지식 Weltwissen과 텍스트 문맥에 맞는 구조를 편입함으로써 그 형태와 해석이 가능한 다른 형태의 복합어는 이 논문에서 자세히 다루지 않았다. 이 논문에서 제시된 복합명사의 생성과 해석과정은 대부분의 경우 복합어 고유의 현상만을 설명한 것이 아니라, 일반적으로 복합어를 생산하고 해석하는 과정을 다룬 것이다. 마찬가지로 이 점은 텍스트 문맥과 상관없이 해석이 가능한 복합어 내지는 텍스트 문맥에 따라 해석이 가능한 복합어에서도 똑같이 적용된다. 텍스트의 문맥을 통해서 자체적으로 해석이 가능하지 않은 복합어를 명확하게 의미를 부여하고 해석하는 과정, 예를 들어 의사소통상에서 일반적인 지식을 이용하여 '임시복합어'를 해석하는 과정은 이후의 연구에 다양하게 다루어 질 테마가 될 것임이 분명하다. 또한 '임시복합명사'를 생산하기 위해 이 논문에서 다룬 전제조건들은 또 다른 새로운 복합어를 생산하는데, 예를 들어 명사로부터 파생된 동사들의 복합어를 연구하는데 밑거름이 될 것이다.학의 강력한 연구가 요구된다.에 기대어 텍스트, 문장, 어휘영역 등이 투입되어 적용되었으며, 이에 상응되게 구체적인 몇몇 방안들이 제시되었다. 학습자들이 텍스트를 읽고 중심내용을 찾아내며, 단락을 구획하고 또한 체계를 파악하는데 있어서 어휘연습은 외국어 교수법 측면에서도 매우 관여적이며 시의적절한 과제라 생각된다. Sd 2) PL - Sn - pS: (1) PL[VPL - Sa] - Sn - pS (2) PL[VPL - pS] - Sn - pS (3) PL(VPL - Sa - pS) - Sn - pS 3) PL[VPL - pS) - Sn -Sa $\cdot$ 3가 동사 관용구: (1) PL[VPL - pS] - Sn - Sd - Sa (2) PL[VPL - pS] - Sn - Sa - pS (3) PL[VPL - Sa] - Sn - Sd - pS 이러한 분류가 보여주듯이, 독일어에는 1가, 2가, 3가의 관용구가 있으며, 구조 외적으로 동일한 통사적 결합가를 갖는다 하더라도 구조 내적 성분구조가 다르다는 것을 알 수 있다. 우리는 이 글이 외국어로서의 독일어를 배우는 이들에게 독일어의 관용구를 보다 올바르게 이해할 수 있는 방법론적인 토대를 제공함은 물론, (관용어) 사전에서 외국인 학습자를 고려하여 관용구를 알기 쉽게 기술하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있기를 바란다.되기 시작하면서 남황해 분지는 구조역전의 현상이 일어났으며, 동시에 발해 분지는 인리형 분지로 발달하게 되었다. 따라서, 올리고세 동안 발해 분지에서는 퇴적작용이, 남황해 분지에서는 심한 구조역전에 의한 분지변형이 동시에 일어났다 올리고세 이후 현재까지, 남황해 분지와 발해 분지들은 간헐적인 해침과 함께 광역적 침강을 유지하면서 안정된 대륙 및 대륙붕 지역으로 전이되었다.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.169-178
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• 2022

Morphemes are most primitive units in a language that lose their original meaning when segmented into smaller parts. In Korean, a sentence is a sequence of eojeols (words) separated by spaces. Each eojeol comprises one or more morphemes. Korean morphological analysis (KMA) is to divide eojeols in a given Korean sentence into morpheme units. It also includes assigning appropriate part-of-speech(POS) tags to the resulting morphemes. KMA is one of the most important tasks in Korean natural language processing (NLP). Improving the performance of KMA is closely related to increasing performance of Korean NLP tasks. Recent research on KMA has begun to adopt the approach of machine translation (MT) models. MT is to convert a sequence (sentence) of units of one domain into a sequence (sentence) of units of another domain. Neural machine translation (NMT) stands for the approaches of MT that exploit neural network models. From a perspective of MT, KMA is to transform an input sequence of units belonging to the eojeol domain into a sequence of units in the morpheme domain. In this paper, we propose a deep learning model for KMA. The backbone of our model is based on the BERT-fused model which was shown to achieve high performance on NMT. The BERT-fused model utilizes Transformer, a representative model employed by NMT, and BERT which is a language representation model that has enabled a significant advance in NLP. The experimental results show that our model achieves 98.24 F1-Score.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.435-452
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• 2023

This study experimented with automatic classification of subject headings using BERT-based transfer learning model, and analyzed its performance. This study analyzed the classification performance according to the main class of KDC classification and the category type of subject headings. Six datasets were constructed from Korean national bibliographies based on the frequency of the assignments of subject headings, and titles were used as classification features. As a result, classification performance showed values of 0.6059 and 0.5626 on the micro F1 and macro F1 score, respectively, in the dataset (1,539,076 records) containing 3,506 subject headings. In addition, classification performance by the main class of KDC classification showed good performance in the class General works, Natural science, Technology and Language, and low performance in Religion and Arts. As for the performance by the category type of the subject headings, the categories of plant, legal name and product name showed high performance, whereas national treasure/treasure category showed low performance. In a large dataset, the ratio of subject headings that cannot be assigned increases, resulting in a decrease in final performance, and improvement is needed to increase classification performance for low-frequency subject headings.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.453-475
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• 2007

School algebra starts with introducing algebraic expressions which have been one of the cognitive obstacles to the students in the transfer from arithmetic to algebra. In the recent studies on the teaching school algebra, algebraic thinking is getting much more attention together with algebraic expressions. In this paper, we examined the processes of the transfer from arithmetic to algebra and ways for teaching early algebra through algebraic thinking factors. Issues about algebraic thinking have continued since 1980's. But the theoretic foundations for algebraic thinking have not been founded in the previous studies. In this paper, we analyzed the algebraic thinking in school algebra from historico-genetic, epistemological, and symbolic-linguistic points of view, and identified algebraic thinking factors, i.e. the principle of permanence of formal laws, the concept of variable, quantitative reasoning, algebraic interpretation - constructing algebraic expressions, trans formational reasoning - changing algebraic expressions, operational senses - operating algebraic expressions, substitution, etc. We also identified these algebraic thinking factors through analyzing mathematics textbooks of elementary and middle school, and showed the middle school students' low achievement relating to these factors through the algebraic thinking ability test. Based upon these analyses, we argued that the readiness for algebra learning should be made through the processes including algebraic thinking factors in the elementary school and that the transfer from arithmetic to algebra should be accomplished naturally through the pre-algebra course. And we searched for alternative ways to improve algebra curriculums, emphasizing algebraic thinking factors. In summary, we identified the problems of school algebra relating to the transfer from arithmetic to algebra with the problem of teaching algebraic thinking and analyzed the algebraic thinking factors of school algebra, and searched for alternative ways for improving the transfer from arithmetic to algebra and the teaching of early algebra.