• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.359-373
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• 2015

Cognitive reserve(CR) is the ability to optimize or maximize performance through complementary brain networks. CR is relevant to normal aging in cognitive-linguistic abilities. There are few domestic systematic reviews or meta-analyses that analyze the relationships between multiple CR and cognitive-linguistic domains in healthy older people. This meta-analysis included 32 studies published since 2000. In result, education level topped the list, followed by the occupation, cognitively stimulating activities, and the multilingualism. Most studies were related to memory, global cognition, and language. CR had a modest positive association with cognitive-linguistic performance. Multiple domains including memory and language also showed the significant correlations across most measures of CR. This study provides evidence-based information to support cognitive-linguistic ability in normal aging.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.280-292
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• 2012

Cognitive-pragmatic language ability decreases during the normal aging process. Evaluating the ability might be useful in testing predicting cognitive level and diseases such as dementia. The aim of this study is to analyze various assessment protocols for normal aging, and evaluate the content validity of the currently developing cognitive-pragmatic language test domains and items. Content Validity Index(CVI) was calculated based on ratings judged by 17 experts including speech-language pathologists and clinical psychologists. As a result, it was found that CVIs of all 7 domains including attention, memory, organization, reasoning, problem solving, executive function, pragmatic language were above .75. It was concluded that the test items contained the appropriate content validity to assess cognitive-pragmatic language for normal aging.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.363-369
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• 2013

In this paper, the modeling of phenomena that occurs in the brain related language was designed and developed the second language proficiency method. This method based on cognitive ability test in cognitive psychology that is the lexical decision task, the priming task and the verbal span task. The lexical decision task involves measuring how quickly decide stimuli as words or nonwords. This task is divided reading and listening according to stimulus type to the details. The priming task finds the output of the language. This task is divided the translation-priming and the semantic-priming according to stimulus type. The verbal span task finds the short term memory. In this paper, we propose the second language proficiency measurement method using the linguistics cognitive ability of the learner about the second language.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.235-251
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• 2001

According to Chomskyan grammar, humans can generate and understand an unbounded number of grammatical sentences. Against the background of pure and idealized linguistic competence, this linguistic productivity is argued and understood. In actual utterances, however, there are many limitations of productivity but they are said to come from the general constraints on performances such as capacity of short term memory or attention. In this paper I discuss a problem raised against idealized productivity. I argue that linguistic productivity idealizes our linguistic competence too much. By separating idealized competence from the various constraints of performance, Chomskyan theorists can argue for unlimited productivity. However, the absolute distinction between grammar (pure competence) and parser (actual psychological processes) makes little sense when we explain the low acceptability(intelligibility) of center embedded sentences. Usually, the problem of center embedded sentence is explained in terms of memory shortage or other performance constraints. To explain the low acceptability, however, we need to assume specialized memory structure because the low acceptability occurs only with a specific type of syntactic pattern. 1 argue that this special memory structure should not be considered as a general performance constraint. It is a domain specific (specifically linguistic) constraints and an intrinsic part of human language processing. Recent development of Chomskyan grammar, i.e., minimalist approach seems to close the gap between pure competence and this type of specialized constraints. Chomsky's earlier approach of generative grammar focuses on end result of the generative derivation. However, economy principle (of minimalist approach) focuses on actual derivational processes. By having less mathematical or less idealized grammar, we can come closer to the actual computational processes that build syntactic structure of a sentence. In this way, we can have a more concrete picture of our linguistic competence, competence that is not detached from actual computational processes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2010.07a
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• pp.457-462
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• 2010

본 연구는 학습자의 인지발달 단계에 적합한 프로그래밍 언어를 활용하여 모든 학문의 기초 인지 능력인 학습자의 정보과학적 사고 능력을 향상에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 실험연구이다. 과중한 인지적 부담, 문법 위주 등 기존 프로그래밍 학습의 문제점을 보완하고자 등장한 교육용 로봇을 이용하여 실생활 문제해결의 정보과학적 사고능력 향상을 위한 텍스트기반 프로그래밍 언어(TPL)와 비주얼기반의 프로그래밍 언어(VPL) 중 인문계 고등학생의 인지발달 단계에 적합한 프로그래밍 언어에 대한 효과성을 분석하였다. 교육용 로봇 및 로봇 프로그래밍 언어에 대한 선행 연구를 통해 NXT Robot Educator 교육내용을 분석하고 각 단계에 적절한 실생활 과제를 추출하여 로봇 교육용 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하였다. 이 연구는 프로그래밍을 경험이 없는 인문계 고등학교 학생 집단을 선정하여 TPL과 VPL을 활용한 로봇 프로그래밍 수업을 20차시 실시한 후 두 집단 간의 정보과학적 사고능력 향상의 차이를 검증하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7414-7423
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• 2015

Subjective cognitive-linguistic complaints in older adults contribute to the diagnostic and prognostic investigation of MCI or dementia. However, the utility of subjective test for predicting cognitive-linguistic decline is controversial. Few domestic studies have included the correlation between subjective and objective tests systematically. The current study analyzed 26 studies published since 2000, and the effect sizes of their correlation coefficients between two tests were computed. The results of qualitative analysis indicated that the number of subjects ranged from 26 to 657. Subjective tests included the self-report 75.4% and the informant-report 24.6%. In objective tests, memory comprised the largest proportion, followed by global cognition, and language, etc. As a result of meta-analysis, self-report test had the predictive value for dementia, and informant-report test contributed to discriminate among 3 groups. In the elderly group, self-report test was correlated with reasoning, and informant-report test with memory and language. In MCIs, self-report test predicted several abilities including language, and informant-report test signaled the future decline of domains like global cognition. Two types of subjective tests in dementia also represented memory, language, and global cognition accurately. This study provides evidence-based information to support relationships between subjective and objective tests for cognitive-linguistic ability in 3 groups.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.548-556
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• 2016

Cognitive-linguistic changes that normally accompany aging are often simply an annoyance, but in some instances they may herald a more perilous course of decline to a state of neurological disease. This study investigated the correlation between subjective and objective tests on cognitive-linguistic abilities in older adults and the predictors of objective performances. Healthy elders over 65 years of age (n=63) and their informants (n=63) completed the subjective and objective cognitive-linguistic tests (ISCOLE and CAPTBI) from July of 2015 to February of 2016. The main findings were as follows: performance on the self-report test was not significantly different from that on the informant-report test. Additionally, eight domains in older adults group and 15 domains in the informants group were significantly associated with performance on the objective test. Finally, language on the informant-report test was a predictor of several abilities including problem solving and memory on the informant-report test predicted executive function and language. The present study demonstrates that two groups have significant differences in correlation between subjective and objective tests on the cognitive-linguistic abilities, and there are more relevant domains in rating by informants. These findings have implications for the use of cognitive-linguistic evaluation and preventive intervention in clinical settings.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.57-63
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• 2021

The purpose of the convergence study is to provide basic data for improving job satisfaction of speech and language therapists by identifying the relationship between personal characteristics, empathy ability, and job satisfaction of speech and language therapists, especially between cognitive and emotional empathy ability and job satisfaction. The subjects of the study were 111 people of speech and language therapists working in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. For data analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation analysis were performed using the SPSS/PC 21.0 statistical program according to the purpose of the study. As a result of the study, the relationship between empathy ability and job satisfaction was found to be high, and there was a high correlation between cognitive and emotional empathy ability, which is a sub-factor of empathy ability, and job satisfaction. Therefore, follow-up research is needed to identify the empathy and job satisfaction about nationwide speech and language therapists for implementing various education programs and improving empathy skills in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.362-363
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• 2012

외국어 능력이 현대 사회에서 요구하는 필수적인 요소 중에 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 외국어 능력을 평가하는 능력 시험이 아닌 언어심리학적 관점으로 외국어 능력을 평가하는 방법을 제안한다. 외국어를 처리하는데 있어서 외국어를 모국어를 바꾸는 언어인지 과정이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 언어 인지 능력을 측정하는 Reading LDT, Listening LDT, Verbal Span, Yes-No task(Semantic), Same-Different task실험을 제안한다. 해당 과제들은 각각 피험자의 읽기, 듣기, 기억, 의미적 결정, 변환 능력을 측정하는 과제이다.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.395-402
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• 1997

인지능력 손상으로 인해 치매환자의 정상 언어 사용은 점차 감소되고 좌절감과 스트레스는 상승된다. 신체접촉은 비언어적 의사소통의 한 형태로서 치매환자를 지지하고 스트레스 상황에서 겪는 불안을 완화한다. Hollinger와 Buschmann은 1993년 신체 접촉 모형을 개발하였으며, 그 모형을 적용하여 신체접촉 인지도와 우울과의 관계와 신체 접촉의 우울증감소 효과를 정상 노인과 우울증 노인을 대상으로 연구했다. 그러나, 모형을 치매환자 연구에 적용시켜 검토한 연구는 언다. 본 연구의 목적은 신체 접촉 모형을 비평 분석하는 것이다. 또한, 분석을 기초로 하여 모형을 치매 환자 연구에 적용하도록 변형시켰다. 치매 환자의 인지, 언어 능력은 손상되었지만, 환경에 반응하는 감정과 접촉 감각은 유지되고 있다는 것은 신체 접촉 모형을 치매환자에게 적용할 때 반드시 고려해야 할 점이다. 개인의 문화 차이는 신체 접촉에 대한 인지와 반응에 영향을 준다. 따라서, 연구대상자 선택시 대상자가 신체 접촉을 긍정적으로 받아들이고 있는지를 확인해야 할 것이다. 대상자는 인지 능력 손상으로 면담이나 질문지에 적당히 반응할 수 없으므로 연구시 관찰 방법의 이용을 제언한다.