• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.15-25
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• 2019

Contamination of soil by deicing salt is among the important environment problems due to their toxicity and negative impact to human health and the environment. One of the effective methods for cleaning the soil from deicing salts is desalination using soil amendment-phytoremediation continuum treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine how much of the pH, EC control and Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺ taken up soil amendments and Miscanthus sinensis, and to evaluate the effect of salt reduction and growth improvement as affected by soil amendment in high concentration of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) deicing salts. Results indicated that the addition of soil amendments was decrease the EC and pH, also significantly reduce the leaching of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, a chloride ions related deicing salts, compared to the control for CaCl₂ 10 g/L treatment. It also resulted in an enhanced plant growth and higher plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight in Hydroball treatment + Miscanthus sinensis planting continuum treatment compared to the treatment that planted Miscanthus sinensis only. Therefore, we concluded that soil amendments might be attributed to an accumulation of deicing slats in the roadside soil, resulting in the improvement of Miscanthus sinensis growth.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2015

Endophytic fungal strains were isolated from 5 aquatic plant species (Trapa japonica, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Oenanthe javanica, Typha orientalis and Zizania latifolia) native to river wetland of tributary in Nakdong river. Total 34 strains were purely isolated, and then its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were amplified. After that, phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences and deduction of diversity indices were done. Fungal isolates were belonged to 17 genera, concretely in Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Emericellopsis, Fusarium, Galactomyces, Leptosphaeria, Microsphaeropsis, Penicillium, Peyronellaea, Phoma, Pseudeurotium, Rhizomucor, Talaromyces, Trematosphaeria and Zalerion. Especially, fungal isolates were distributed intensively in genera Alternaria and Talaromyces. This study deals with the diversity of endophytic fungal species that showing symbiotic relationship with their host aquatic plants.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.439-457
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• 1993

The present study was undertaken to classify and describe the forest vegetation on Imha-dam area, located at the northern part of Kyungsang-pookdo, Korea by the phytosociological method of the Z-M school. The field investigations were carried out in 60 plots around the dam area from May 1, 1991 to October 10, 1992. The vegetation data obtained were classified by the table comparison method. As a result, the following vegetation units were recognized: A. Pinus densiflova community A-a. Miscanthus sinensis group A-b. Carex humilzs group A-c. Typical group B. Quercetum variabili-serratae Kobayashi, Muranaga et Takeda 1976 C. Robinin pseudo-acacia-Conzmeli~ta comnzultis community D. Larix leptolepis community The vascular plant species of these forest communities consist of 63 families, 144 genera, 191 species and 30 varieties. Also the relationship of the vegetation units with their environments such as altitude, slope, topography and soil condition was discussed here. On the basis of the floristic composition, life-form spectrum and soil analysis, a sere for the forest vegetation was proposed as follows: Rohinia pseitdo-acacia-Conz~neli~za communis community and Larix leptolepis community $\rightarrow$ Pinus densiflora community $\rightarrow$ Quercetunz variahili-serratae $\rightarrow$ Quercus mongolica community. Lastly, relating to the nature conservation of dam area, some of plans were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.217-221
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• 2000

The vegetation of Maemul, Somaemul and Eoyu islets in Tongyeong-si was investigated from September, 1996 through August, 1997. In order to analyze the vegetation of this islets, synthesis table, actual vegetation map were prepared. The predominant species of the islets was Camellia japonica. and the vegetation in this study area was classfied into 4 communties (included 1 afforestation) and 7 subcommunities 1 . Camellia japonica community 1) Typical subcommunity 2) Machilus thunbergii subcommunity 3) Castanopsis cuspidata var, thunbergii subcommunity 4) Ligustrum obtusifolium subcommunity 5) Carpinus coreana subcommunity 6) Selaginella tamariscina subcommunity 7) Pinus thunbergii subcommunity 2. Pinus thunbergii community 3. Alnus firma afforestation 4. Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens community.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2003

Osancheon creek is located in the southwest of the middle area in Korea. Weed community around the Osancheon creek, where various disturbances exert a bad influence directly on its community by human work or nature, was surveyed phytosocialogically. Our surveys have been accomplished from June, 2003 to September, 2003. Weed communities formed around the Osancheon creek were divided into several patterns and analysed. They have been divided into 8 communities. Community A: Humulus japonica community, B: Phragmites communiscommunity, C: Persicaria thunbergii community, D: Zi=ania latifolia community, E: Miscanthus saccharilflorus community, F: Echinochica crusgalli community, G: Typha orientalis community, H: Sataria viridis community. The flora surveyed in these communities was constituted of 19 families, 36 genera, 4 varieties, and 40 species. Wild plants such as Artemisia princeps var. orientalis Erigeron annuus, Bidens frondosa, Aeschynomene indica and Oenothera odorata were mostly light loving plants and higher resistant plants against the disturbance. Our result from the ranking all surveyed areas by the Bray-Curtis ordination method was very similar to the results from phytosocialogical table work.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.2 s.58
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• pp.120-128
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• 2005

This study was compared the flora and distribution of hydrophytes with physicochemical environment in the 14 sites selected in Yeongsan River through Gwangju Metropolitan city from March to October, 2003. In this survey, hydrophytes were classified 94 taxa; 35 families, 68 genera, 85 species and 9 varieties. It was compared the physicochemical characters with the hydrophytes distribution in each stream according to the index of contamination. Persicaria japonica and Rumex crispus were dominated at Youduk-Dong, the most contaminated area. Aquatic contamination sensitive floating-leaved plants and submerged plants were not identified. Hwangroung River and Yeongsan River area were a little contaminated area, appeared to good vegetation such as Phragmites japonica, Persicaria thunbergii and Miscanthus sacchariflorus. The stream of Youduk-Dong, the lower reaches of Gwangju-cheon was not grown with hydrophytes because of contamination by inflow of life sewage; therefore it is required to persevere in the townsmen's efforts for improvement of water environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.70-77
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• 1999

This study was carried out to suggest an effective method for the rehabilitation of Close-to-Nature River and artificial wetland. The results on the revegetation methods by seeding and sodding of Phragmites japonica, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Themeda triandra, and Pennisetum alopecuroides were summarized as follows. Seed germination of Phragmites japonica was 76.3% at $30^{\circ}C$, that of Miscanthus sacchariflorus was 68.7% at $20^{\circ}C$, that of Themeda triandra germinated 52.3% at $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ constant temperature and that of Pennisetum alopecuroides germinated 86.7% at $30^{\circ}C/20^{\circ}C$ alternating temperature. Seed germination of Pennisetum alopecuroides exceeded 80% at $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ constant temperature and $25^{\circ}C/15^{\circ}C$ alternating temperature. At 60 days after seeding, the ground coverage of Phragmites japonica, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Themeda triandra, and Pennisetum alopecuroides reached 81%, 81 %, 74%, and 86% respectively in the soil media of vermiculite and peatmoss(1 : 1 by volume). In the results of sod experiment, Phragmites japonica, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Themeda triandra, and Pennisetum alopecuroides were formed sod completely in soil composition type of vermiculite and peatmoss(1 : 1, v/v). Thus this media seems to be best sad production media for rehabilitation works of Close-to-Nature River and man-made wetlands. Phragmites japonica and Miscanthus sacchariflorus were not significantly different in shoot height and the number of tillers by different planting distance for the first one year of experiment. Pennisetum alopecuroides shows high possibility to be used for Close-to-Nature River rehabilitation works by seeding.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.85-94
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• 2015

RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) is the most important explosive contaminant, both in concentration and in frequency, at military shooting ranges in which green technologies such as phytoremediation or constructed wetlands are the best option for mitigation of explosive compounds discharge to the environment. A study was conducted with two identical lab-scale plug flow constructed wetlands planted with Amur silver grass to treat water artificially contaminated with 40 mg/L of toxic explosive compound, RDX. The reactor was inoculated with or without RDX degrading mixed culture to evaluate plant-microorganism interactions in RDX removal, transformation products distribution, and kinetic constants. RDX and its metabolites in water, plant, and sediment were analyzed by HPLC to determine mass balance and kinetic constants. After 30 days of operation, the reactor reached steady-state at which more than 99% of RDX was removed with or without the mixed culture inoculation. The major transformation product was TNX (Trinitroso-RDX) that comprised approximately 50% in the mass balance of both reactors. It was also the major compound in the plant root and shoot system. Acute toxicity analysis of the water samples showed more than 30% of toxicity reduction in the effluent than that of influent containing 40 mg/L of RDX. In the Amur silver grass mesocosm seeded with the mixed culture, the specific RDX removal rate, that is 1st order removal rate normalized to plant fresh weight, was estimated to be 0.84 kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ which is 16.7% higher than that in the planted only mesocosm. Therefore, the results of this study proved that Amur silver grass is an effective plant for RDX removal in constructed wetlands and the efficiency can be increased even more when applied with RDX degrading microbial consortia.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.64-116
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• 1987

The purpose of the present paper is to record taxonomic notes on several Korean spider mites. The specimens on which this study is based were collected by the authors during the period from May, 1986 to June, 1987. The following species are the spider mites concerned in this paper. 1. Panonychus citri (McGregor), 2. Eotetranychus populi Koch, 3. Eotetranychus smithi Pritchard and Baker, 4. Shizotetranychus bambusae Reck, 5. Schizotetranychus celarius (Banks), 6. Shizotetranychus leguminosus Ehara, 7. Oligonychus orthis Rimando, 8. Tetranychus ranzawai Kishida, 9. Tetranychus phaselus Ehara, 10. Tetranychus trancatus Ehara , 11. Tetranychus vienensis Zacher, 12. Tetranychus urticae Koch . Among them, eight species with asterisk are newly recorded from Korea . In addition, empodiums of pretarsus were carefully observed and enzyme patterns by electrophoresis were compared on some species in order induce their systematic inter-relationship at either species or generic level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.79-91
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• 2017

This study was conducted to find out the physical properties and soil shearing strength reinforcement effect of herbaceous plants for the slope revegetation works. Two native plants(Pennisetum alopecuroides and Miscanthus sinensis) were used for this experiment, because they have excellent seed germination rates without preconditioning, and grow naturally around rivers. To identify the physical properties, the partial dry weight of plants were investigated. To identify the soil shearing strength reinforcement effect, the respective soil shearing strengths of the control soils, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Miscanthus sinensis samples were measured. Also, we did a correlation analysis to examine the relation of shearing strength to plant features. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The average dry weight of Pennisetum alopecuroides samples consists of 52.36% above ground and 47.64% at root. And in dry weight, 78.24% of it's root distributes within 10 cm in soil depth. Meanwhile the average dry weight of Miscanthus sinensis samples consists of 52.91% above ground and 47.09% at root. And in dry weight, 82.95% of it's root distributes within 10 cm in soil depth. 2. The results of correlation analysis showed that for both Pennisetum alopecuroides and Miscanthus sinensis, it could not be said that there was any correlation between shearing strength and plant characteristics, and statistically they were not meaningful. 3. In the shearing strength test with control soils, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Miscanthus sinensis as subjects, the differences in shearing strength measurement results were modest, and the order was shown as control soils < Pennisetum alopecuroides < Miscanthus sinensis, so the soil shearing strength reinforcement effect by the Pennisetum alopecuroides and the Miscanthus sinensis on loamy sand at river banks surface was confirmed.