• Development and Reproduction
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2006

It is known that maternal diabetes induces a premature delivery and a congenital malformation. Although it was suggested that hyperglycemia is a main cause, little has been known. The effects of subtotal pancreactomized animal as a diabetic model on the embryo and the offspring were investigated. 1) Although survival rate of offsprings from the 90% pancreactomized female was lower than that of control, body weight of the survived offsprings was similar to that of control until 6 weeks after birth. When the liver was investigated, abnormal tissue was observed in both female and male offsprings from the pancreactomized mother. The level of major urinary protein(MUP) that is synthesized in the liver and secrets into urine was decreased in both female and male, supporting the liver abnormality. 2) In the pancreactomized female, size of the Langhan's island was increased and the liver also was observed abnormal. However, blood glucose level of the pancreactomized mother was not different from that of control. The low body weight and survival rate of offsprings from the $inhibin-{\alpha}$ overexpressed mice was very similar to those of the offsprings from diabetic mother. Thus when the mother itself was investigated after DNA injection, blood glucose level in the $inhibin-{\alpha}$ overexpressed mice was not different from that of control although size of the Langhan's island was decreased. Taken together, subtotal pancreactomy affected the offspring and embryo and influenced deeply the mother itself. However glucose level of the mother was not changed during investigation. It suggested that the relationship between the diabetic mother and embryo through offspring is very complex.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.958-964
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• 2004

This study examined the effects of maternal calcium intake levels on mineral metabolism during pregnancy and lactation. Five week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal Ca (NCa, 0.5%) and low Ca (LCa, 0.15%) diets for 5 weeks during preconception. The low Ca intake group was divided into three groups and fed low Ca (0.15%), normal Ca (0.5%) and high Ca (1.5%) diets for 6 weeks during pregnancy and lactation. All of the rats were mated with normal male rats. The control group was consistently fed a normal Ca diet for 11 weeks. Pups were adjusted to 10 per dam. After weaning, dams and their weaned rats were sacrificed. We measured total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and mineral content in serum and weight, length, breaking force, ash and mineral content in bone and kidney. There was no significant difference in weight gain and food intake among the groups. Serum total protein and albumin were in the normal range but slightly decreased with a low Ca diet during preconception. Calcium supplementation above normal level increased bone weight, Ca content and breaking force in femur of maternal and their weaned rats. However, high maternal Ca intake significantly decreased Mg and Fe contents in maternal serum and bone and Mg and Zn contents in serum of weaned rats. Also, it induced Ca, P and Mg deposit in maternal kidney. Our experimental results suggest that Ca deficiency during preconception may deteriorate bone status of mother and their offsprings. Moreover, high Ca supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may lead to disturb mineral metabolism in bone and other tissues.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.17-32
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• 2021

Speaker recognition is generally divided into speaker identification and speaker verification. Speaker recognition plays an important function in the automatic voice system, and the importance of speaker recognition technology is becoming more prominent as the recent development of portable devices, voice technology, and audio content fields continue to expand. Previous speaker recognition studies have been conducted with the goal of automatically determining who the speaker is based on voice files and improving accuracy. Speech is an important sociolinguistic subject, and it contains very useful information that reveals the speaker's attitude, conversation intention, and personality, and this can be an important clue to speaker recognition. The final ending used in the speaker's speech determines the type of sentence or has functions and information such as the speaker's intention, psychological attitude, or relationship to the listener. The use of the terminating ending has various probabilities depending on the characteristics of the speaker, so the type and distribution of the terminating ending of a specific unidentified speaker will be helpful in recognizing the speaker. However, there have been few studies that considered speech in the existing text-based speaker recognition, and if speech information is added to the speech signal-based speaker recognition technique, the accuracy of speaker recognition can be further improved. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a novel method using speech style expressed as a sentence-final ending to improve the accuracy of Korean speaker recognition. To this end, a method called sentence sequencing that generates vector values by using the type and frequency of the sentence-final ending appearing in the utterance of a specific person is proposed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, learning and performance evaluation were conducted with a actual drama script. The method proposed in this study can be used as a means to improve the performance of Korean speech recognition service.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.103-118
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• 2006

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of discourse topic and morpho-syntactic verbal information on the resolution of null pronouns in the Korean narrative text within the framework of the construction-integration theory (Kintsch, 1988, Singer & Kintsch, 2001, Graesser, Gernsbacher, & Goldman. 2003). For the purpose of this paper, two conditions were designed: an explicit condition with both a consistently maintained discourse topic and the person-specific verb modals on one hand, and a neutral condition with no discourse topic or morpho-syntactic information provided, on the other. We measured the reading tines far the target sentence containing a null pronoun and the question response times for finding an antecedent, and the accuracy rates for finding an antecedent. During the experiments each passage was presented at a tine on a computer-controlled display. Each new sentence was presented on the screen at the moment the participant pressed the button on the computer keyboard. Main findings indicate that processing is facilitated by macro-structure (topicality) in conjunction with micro-structure (morpho-syntax) in pronoun interpretation. It is speculated that global processing alone may not be able to determine which potential antecedent is to be focused unless aided by lexical information. It is argued that the results largely support the resonance-based model, but not the minimalist hypothesis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate effects of weaning age on growth perforance, feed intake, disease occurrence and maternal reproductive efficiency in Hanwoo. Sixty experimental calves were allocated into two groups, early weaned (n=29, calf age 90 d, EW) and normally weaned (n=31, calf age 120 d, NW). Body weights and average daily gains during nursing and post-weaning periods were similar between two groups (p>0.05). Weaning age had no effect on calf starter, grass hay, dry matter, crude protein and TDN intakes of calves (p>0.05). Maternal calving interval in EW was shortened by 23 days compared to NW (p>0.05). Any difference in occurrence of disease was not observed between groups. Present results indicate that early weaning age has no negative effects on growth performance, feed intake or on disease occurrence in Hanwoo calves. And it has positive influence on maternal calving interval.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1988

The effect of maternal low protein diets during gestation and lactation on growth and development of young rats was investigated. Pregnant and/or lactating rats were fed the diet containing 20% or 11.7%casein. DNA, RNA and total protein were determined in liver, muscle and brain of 21-day-old young rats and lipid contents and acetylcholinesterase activity in brain. Body and organ weight of young rats were measured. DNA, RNA and protein contents of liver, muscle and brain of young rats were less in maternal low protein group than that of control group. Total lipid and cholesterol contents in brain were less(p<0.01) in low protein group than that of control group than that of control group. And also brain acety;cholnesterase activity of low protein group was significantly (p<0.01) lower than those of control group, but their each organ weight ratios in relation to body weight was higher than that of control group. It could be suggested that the maternal low protein during gestation and lactation has influenced on cell number, cell size, protein content, brain lipid content and acetyl-cholinesterase activity of the offsprings.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.721-726
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• 1998

The changes of thyroid hormone levels in plasma, eggs and yolk-sac larvae in female rockfish (Sebastes schiegeli) were examined after maternal injection of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine ($T_3$) with a dose of 20 mg/kg fish wt. There were no differences of L-thyronine ($T_4$) level in maternal plasma and yolk-sac larvae between $T_3$ injection and vehicle-injected control. The significant decrease of $T_4$ level was found in eggs from the $T_3$ injected mother fish compared with that of control. $T_3$ levels in maternal plasma, eggs, and yolk-sac larvae were significantly elevated by $T_3$ injection. Therefore $T_4$ and $T_3$ in maternal circulation may be transferred into oocytes and subsequently into the yolk-sac larvae. These findings suggest that thyroid hormones may play some roles on physiological metabolism during early larval development of rockfish.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2010

For industrialization of the hard clams, Meretrix petechiails (Lamarck), spawning was induced per spawning induction technique in the artificial maturation group administered of parent maturation control and the natural maturation group of which parents were transported for artificial spawning per time period. Then, fertilization rates, hatching rates and D-shaped larva development rates were investigated. In addition, growth and survival rates of larvae were investigated per larva breeding technique. The results of spawning induction by exposure in the artificial maturation group indicated that response rates were relatively higher at 23% and 32% respectively at the 4th hour and the 8th hour of exposure. In terms of water temperature increase, responses began only when the temperature reached $28^{\circ}C$ or higher. In the experiment group administered with both exposure and water temperature increase techniques, response rate was found to be 45% or higher at the 4th hour of exposure and the temperature of $28^{\circ}C$. At the temperatures of 29, 30 and $31^{\circ}C$, significant differences were not observed. Therefore, it was indicated that the response rates of parent hard clams were higher toward water temperature increase than exposure time. As for spawning induction per time period of the transported parent group, response rate and D-shaped larva development rate were the highest at 67.6% and 96% respectively on August 6, 2009. In terms of water temperatures during larva breeding experiment, growth was faster as water temperature was higher. In addition, growth and survival rates were relatively higher at the salinity of 25. In terms of stocking density, growth and survival rates were relatively higher at 5 inds./mL.

• 비료회보
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• s.563
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• pp.11-16
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• 2004

전 세계적으로 입상 배합비료의 형태로 농작물 재배업자들에게 전달되는 비료의 비율은 지난 30년간 꾸준히 증가했다. 앞선 기술을 개발하고 있는 미국에서는 비료 생산 및 유통에 관한 경제학으로 인해 특히 입상 배합비료(BB)가 촉진되고 있으며, 현재 전국에 걸쳐 5,000 곳의 혼합설비가 산재해 있다. 혼합 기술의 주요 공급업체인 A.J. Sackett & Sons Co.의 프로젝트 엔지니어인 찰스 포어미사니도 설명한 것처럼, 혼합에는 농경법의 측면이나 경제적인 측면에서 여러 가지로 유리한 점이 있다.

• 건강소식
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.14-15
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• 2008

'기생충'하면 가장 먼저 지저분하다, 느리다 등의 생각이 떠오르기 마련이다. 하지만 기생충에 대해 연구하다 보면 어느새 기생충으로부터 낙관주의를 배우게 된다. 어미 기생충이 알이나 애벌레를 아무리 많이 낳아도 그것이 무사히 숙주에 들어가 성충(成蟲)으로 자랄 확률은 아주 적다. 그럼에도 불구하고 기생충은 조급하게 걱정하지 않는다. 오히려 부지런히 제 할 일을 하면서 참고 견딘다. 우리도 기생충의 낙관적인 생활방식을 닮는다면 마음이 조금은 편안해지지 않을까.