• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the effects of an empathy ability improvement program on empathy ability and parenting efficacy among mothers of elementary school students. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study using a pre-test/post-test control group design. The experimental group (n=23) completed an empathy ability improvement program, while 22 mothers were assigned to the control group. Pre-test and post-test analyses were conducted using the empathy ability scale and parenting efficacy scale. The data were analyzed using the $x^2$ test and test independent t-test. Results: The experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in empathy ability (t=2.79, d=4.48, p=.008) and parenting efficacy (t=2.87, d=0.89, p=.006) in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that empathy education may be effective for improving empathy ability and parenting efficacy in mothers of school-age children.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.47-68
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• 2021

Objective: This study investigated direct and indirect influences of fathers' parenting involvement on maternal parenting competence by exploring pathways between fathers' parenting involvement, maternal inner strength, and maternal parenting competence. Methods: A total of 329 mothers with 3-year-old children responded to online survey questionnaires, which included questions about fathers' parenting involvement, maternal inner strength, and maternal parenting competence. The data was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficients and Structural Equation Modeling. Results: It was observed that maternal inner strength perfectly mediated the association between father's parenting involvement and maternal parenting competence. More concretely, a direct effect of fathers' parenting involvement on maternal parenting competence was not found. It was also found that fathers' parenting involvement effects maternal parenting competence indirectly. The effect of fathers' parenting involvement on maternal inner strength was the greatest among all associations between fathers' parenting involvement, maternal inner strength, and maternal parenting competence. Conclusion/Implications: These findings have insights for research and practice, which emphasize the important considerations that enhancing maternal inner strength and the power of fathers' parenting involvement on maternal inner strength should be emphasized in order to improve maternal parenting competence.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.61-73
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of group art therapy on maternal parenting stress and self-efficacy. The subjects of the study included 16 parents of elementary school students who participated in a group art therapy program offered at B Education Center, Pusan. Eight parents who wanted to receive parental education were allocated into an experimental group, While the other eight parents were regarded as the control group. Mothers in the experimental group participated in the group art therapy program which discussed parent education theories. This Program was composed of 17 sessions, performed once a week for one and a half hours. Research tools employed included parent stress test and parent self-efficacy test. The following results were obtained: Group art therapy was found to bring about a statistically significant decrease in parenting stress. Group art therapy was also found to bring about a statistically significant increase in parent self-efficacy. These results suggest that a program which integrates various parents education theories, within a group art therapy setting, can become an effective parent education tool which decreases maternal parenting stress and increases parent self efficacy.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to research the actual state of mother's internet use and to explore the possibility of the internet use as a social support. The affect of mother's internet use on maternal efficacy is also examined. The Subjects were 250 mothers, who have their first child under 8 years old, in Seoul and Ilsan. Data were gathered through questionnaires. As predicted, mother's internet use was popular among young mothers. And, the main reason of internet use of mothers was to find some information on parenting and nurturing child. Moreover, mothers believed that they could get some social support from using internet in terms of informational, instrumental, and emotional service. However, it should be noted that mother's perceived level of support was significantly different, depending on mother's age, level of mother's education, household income, and the age of the first child. It was also found that mothers who received social support from internet showed higher material efficacy. Thus, we believe that internet use could be a new source of social support for the mothers of young children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.77-96
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• 2005

Maternal personality, creative personality, and parenting self-efficacy were included in mothers' characteristics. Participants were 89 gifted and 147 non-gifted preschool children and their mothers. Instruments were the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking(Torrance, 1984; 김영채, 2002), Revised NEO-Personality Inventory(Costa & MaCrae, 1992), What Kind of Person Are You Scale of the Khatena-Torrance Creative Perception Inventory(Khatena & Torrance, 1976; 김영채, 2004), and Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale(최형성 & 정옥분, 2001). Results showed Disciplined Imagination of gifted preschoolers' mothers influenced children's Abstractness of Creativity, General Parenting Ability influenced Originality of Creativity, and Learning Guidance Ability influenced Abstractness of Titles of Creativity. Regarding non-gifted children, the Neuroticism, Acceptance of Authority and General Parenting Ability of mothers selectively influenced children's Abstractness and Elaborativeness of Creativity.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.25-41
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parent-teacher relationships on mothers' parenting efficacy especially for toddlers. Methods: 225 mothers of toddlers completed questionnaires on parent-teacher relationships and parenting efficacy. This study used technical statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis in order to analyze the collected data. Results: First, there was a significant correlation between parent-teacher relationships and mothers' parenting efficacy. Second, the parent-teacher relationships was an important factor in predicting mothers' parenting efficacy. In particular, when a teacher and mother develop practical collaboration for caring for and educating a child, the mothers' parenting efficacy was higher. Conclusion/Implications: These findings indicate that the parent-teacher relationship is a significant factor in order to improve the quality of parenting. The results especially support the importance of collaboration between teachers and parents and suggest that we need to find practical ways for collaborating in the field. Limitations of this study and implications for future research were discussed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.264-274
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze papers on child rearing in Korea and to suggest future research and nursing practice directions for child rearing. Methods: An on-line search via 5 web sites yielded 201 research papers. The analysis of key concepts was based on the attributes of parenting and type of knowledge held by the parents. Results: The research papers found in the search were 27.3% experimental and 72.7% non-experimental. Among the participants, 77.0% of parents raising the child were mothers and the children were mostly young children under the age of one year. Types of knowledge related to child rearing varied widely, but explanatory knowledge (55.2%) was the most common, followed by prescriptive knowledge (30.0%) and descriptive knowledge (14.8%). For attributes of parenting, reaction to parenting (49.9%) followed by parenting behavior/practice (43.1%) was most common. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate that further research is necessary regarding fathers and surrogate caregivers and on prescriptive knowledge for health promotion of children at different developmental stages. Also the results suggest a need for research toward developing child care policies.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among preschoolers' smartphone addiction tendency, problem behaviors, and parenting efficacy of the mothers of these children. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study design was used with self-administered questionnaires. A total of 83 mothers of preschoolers aged 4-6 years and their preschool teachers from a kindergarten participated in the study. Results: Mean daily time spent by the preschoolers on smartphones was about 45 minutes/day. About 40% spent more than 60 minutes/day on smartphones. The majority (69.8%) used smartphones without adult supervision. The level of smartphone addiction tendency among the preschoolers was $1.52{\pm}0.45$ on a 4-point scale. Preschoolers whose mothers use smartphones for more than 60 minutes/day showed a higher level of smartphone addiction tendency than preschoolers whose mothers use smartphones for less than 60 minutes/day. Also smartphone addiction tendency among preschoolers had a positive correlation with hyperactive-distractible behavior (r=.228, p=.038) and a negative correlation with parenting efficacy of their mothers (r=-.299, p=.006). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that preschooler's smartphone addiction tendency is significantly associated with hyperactive-distractible behaviors of the children and low parenting efficacy among their mothers. Therefore well-designed care plans for these populations should be provided to decrease smartphone addiction tendency.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.107-121
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• 2011

This study examined the mediating effects of marital relationships (marital satisfaction, marital conflict) and the moderating effects of mother's self-perception (self-efficacy, self-esteem) on the relationship between a father's involvement in parental roles and postpartum depression. The participants consisted of 1,863 mothers with infants from the Panel Study of Korean Children. The findings from this study are as follows. First, there were significant correlations between a father's involvement in the parental role, marital satisfaction, marital conflict, self-efficacy, self-esteem and postpartum depression. Second, the relationship between a father's involvement in the parental role and postpartum depression was significantly mediated by both marital satisfaction and marital conflict. Finally, both self-efficacy and self-esteem were seen to moderate the relationship between a father's involvement in the parental role and postpartum depression.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.299-313
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• 2020

This study investigated the relationship among fathers' parenting involvement, mothers' parenting competence, and young children's self-control. Participants consisted of 325 mothers and young children (169 boys and 153 girls) from the Seoul area who completed questionnaires on fathers' parenting involvement, mothers' parenting competence, and young children's self-control. Data were statistically analyzed using basic descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Baron and Kenny's method was examined. Subsequently, the Sobel test was performed to check the mediating model's significance and was adapted to SPSS version 21.0 for Windows. The major findings were as follows. First, fathers' parenting involvement was positively correlated with young children's self-control and mothers' parenting competence. Second, mothers' parenting competence was positively correlated with young children's self-control. The mothers' parenting competence indicated a tendency to play a perfectly/partially play a mediating role between fathers' parenting involvement and young children's self-control; consequently, a fathers' parenting involvement had a direct effect as well as an indirect effect through the mothers' parenting competence on young children's self-control. The results indicated that a mothers' parenting competence plays a crucial role in the relationship between a fathers' parenting involvement and the young children's self-control.